Spring 2017

Roof Coatings
Backfill and Drainage
Waterstops
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 As in most cases, the best sheet/fabric
As in most cases, the best
defense for foundation failure made with high-for foundation failure
defense
is a good offense, thats why strength carbon
is a good offense, thats why
or glassThebers.

Inside This Issue

The Force is part of a family Force is part of a family
Designed
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excellent
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Ltd.
Publisher
and
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shear
strengthening
made with high-and Publishing,
Summit can provide
defense for foundation failure defense for foundationLLC failure
16 Sealing Cold Joints with Waterstops
is a good offense, thats why
a water proong
strength carbon membrane for
is a good offense, thats why
By Stacy Byrd foundation
or glassThe walls.
bers.
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foundation the
Manager
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waterstops play a major role in preventing water leakage NationwideofReinforcing
capability conforming Ltd.
to
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16
throughs manufactured and
at cold joints. irregular memberCraig
is also a shapes of The
such
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as
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craig@waterproofmag.com
American
circular or Society
square of Home Its
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Reinforcing Ltd. Reinforcing Ltd.
Inspectorsfor(ASHI),
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shear
19 Waterstops for Expansion Joints Association of Certied
strengthening and can provide Home
By Dan Chapman Inspectors
a water proong Editorial
(NACHI), The
membrane Director for
Properly installed waterstops can prevent water from National Association
foundation walls.Clark Ricks of Water-
penetrating expansion joints, despite significant proong andcraig@waterproofmag.com
Structural Repair
movement in the concrete.
19 Contractors (NAWSRC)
Nationwide Reinforcing Ltd.
The American Society
is also a member of The of
and

Civil Engineers
American Society(ASCE).
of Home
22 Basement Backfill and Drainage
Contributors
Inspectors (ASHI), The National
Rigid foam boards and dimple drain sheets are just two
Association of Certied Stacy Byrd Home
of the options available to relieve hydrostatic pressure
and prevent damage to the waterproofing membrane Inspectors (NACHI), The
Dan Chapman
during backfill.
22 National Association
proong and Structural
Contractors (NAWSRC)
James ofKirby
Melissa Morton
Water-
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and
24 The Key to a Successful Roof Coating
In addition
Michelle Sweitzer
to the Force,
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addition to the Force, The American Society of
' produces
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Civil Engineers (ASCE). also
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Director

membrane,technology system
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savings.
technology called The
Reinforcer: made of Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Polymer, 24 1170 Reinforcer
Old Henderson
Columbus,
Fiber OH

Brad: made
Moulton
43220 Polymer,
Reinforced
of Carbon
Rd., Suite 109

externally bonded 4 wide externally bonded 4 wide

Departments and 0.045 thick.
Phone:and614.273.2222
0.045 thick.
Tech Support: 1.877.33.FORCE (333-6723)
In addition to the Force, In addition to the Force,
6 Comment: Continious Education
the company also produces
Fax: 614.538-1806
the company also produces
www.thereinforcer.com
On the Cover:
the patented carbon berRoof coatingssuch as here on the patented carbon ber
8 Summit Publishing
Spring 2017

Trade Show Corner the Superdome in New Orleans

technology system calledcanThe
Reinforcer : made of Carbon
12 WATERPROOF! News
Fiber Reinforced Polymer,
externally bonded 4 wide
28 On the Market
and 0.045 thick.
extend the service life of technology system called The
roofing significantly. For more 1170 Reinforcer884 East
Old Henderson : made700 Suite
Rd., North
of Carbon
109
about roof coatings, see p.24.
Photo Courtesy:
Columbus, Mapleton,
Fiber OH UT, 84664-3761
43220 Polymer,
Reinforced
toll free: 877-229-9174
Kim Bistromowitz/Quest Roof Coatings externally bonded
direct: 4 wide
801-207-1971
Construction Products Backfill and Drainage
Waterstops Phone: 614.273.2222
and 0.045 editorial:
thick. 2
Tech Support: 1.877.33.FORCE (333-6723)
advertising: ext. 1
Fax: 614.538-1806
subscriptions: ext. 3
www.thereinforcer.com
fax: 801-207-1971

Wed Like to Hear From You... www.waterproofmag.com

Waterproof! would like to know what you think about this issue. Let us know Volume 11 Number 2

what you want to see featured as well as what youd like to change. Email the WATERPROOF! is published quarterly by Summit
Publishing, LLC, 884 East 700 North, Mapleton,
editor with your comments at editor@waterproofmag.com, or write to us at: UT, 84664-3761. Subscription price: $20.00 per
year.
WATERPROOF! Magazine - 884 East 700 North - Mapleton, UT, 84664 Copyright 2016 by Summit Publishing . All
rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Waterproof!
Magazine is a trademark of Summit Publishing.
Be sure to include your name, address, and a daytime telephone number. Letters
may be edited for publication. Unsolicited manuscripts will not be returned
unless they include a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

4 WATERPROOF!
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and bowing The Reinforcer replaces steel beam installation.
attractive solution, choose THE
TheREINFORCER
Old Way

The Smart Way
for your basement foundation problems.

Lifetime manufacturer warranty

The decision is simple...

If you want a stronger, easier and more

in foundation Are
Permanent
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attractive solution, choose THE REINFORCER
for your U.S.
basement
stops bowing walls
foundation problems.
PAT. NO. 6,145,260
Economical
Economical Guaranteed
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The Original
The Old Way The Smart Way

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TOLL FREE 1-877-33-FORCE reinforced with a simple, practical, and

Cracks Are
the hassle, mess, and
(1-877-333-6723)
www.thereinforcer.com
U.S. PAT. NO. 6,145,260
attractive material.
stops bowing walls

Carbon Fiber System!

The Old Way The, Smart Way
intrusive construction
Copyright 1998 Introducing THE REINFORCER a revolution-

in Your there
All Rights Reserved
Nationwide Reinforcing, Ltd.
methods required
the hassle, mess, and
TECH SUPPORT:
ary new product from Nationwide Reinforcing,
TOLL FREE 1-877-33-FORCE Ltd. made to stabilize basement foundation
reinforced withwalls!
a simple, practic
(1-877-333-6723)
attractive material.

Cracks walls from crackingintrusive construction

www.thereinforcer.com
to stop your basement
THE REINFORCER is a patented state-

Basement M
Men
entitioonn th
Copyright 1998 of-the-art system developed by professional
Introducing THE REINFORCE
All Rights Reserved
thisis ad
ad
Looking FoR QUALiFiED instALLERs
engineers. A combination of space-age polymers
an
andd rerece
ary new product from Nationw

in Your
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STOPS
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 Editors Note
Comment: Continuous Education
The world is changing at an ever-increasing rate. Thats
evident in many aspects of our lives, including our careers.
In some fieldssuch as medicine, law, and architecture
professionals are required to keep their skills up-to-date through
continuing education credits. No one wants a doctor treating
them with 40-year-old technology, and no one would pay for
legal advice from an attorney who wasnt up-to-date on current
case law.
Waterproofing professionals dont have this requirement,
but need to keep their skills up-to-date as well. New
waterproofing technologies are transforming the established
way of doing things. Even basic basement drainage has seen
significant changes (see pp. 22-23).
Additionally, managing a small business has changed.
Instead of buying an ad in the yellow pages, savvy marketers
are using social media, Google analytics, and other web-based
tools. As one expert says, The issue in our careers today is not
what do you know? but how fast do you learn? learning about advances in their chosen field. In todays world,
Perhaps instead of continuing education, waterproofers
should strive for continuous education. Opportunities abound.
KEEP MOISTURE OUT
6 WATERPROOF!
Every winter, I attend at least one
trade show to learn from seminars,
exhibitors, and other attendees.
Professional associations are
another great resource for mentoring,
expert advice, and learning new
skills. Some, such as the BHA, offer
certification and testing.
This magazine is also a great by Clark Ricks
source for continuous education. Every issue features new
technologies and techniques. The feature articles, departments
(such as On the Market), and advertising work together to keep
readers on top of the industry.
But the best learning happens when we discover things
for ourselves. Then the knowledge truly becomes ours. I
challenge readers to devote at least a few minutes every week to
gaining a new skill, improving their professional network, and
its a simple choice between continuous learning or eventual
obsolescence.
Field splicing seals can be challenging.
Visit csinc.bz/sf to see how a proper
heat weld keeps moisture out.
Copyright 2017 Construction Specialties, Inc.
 BUILD WITH CONFIDENCE
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8 WATERPROOF!
Trade Show Corner
Trade Show Report
Several of the largest trade shows
for the waterproofing industry wrapped
up in recent weeks. In mid-January,
the International Builders Show (IBS)
finished a three-day run in Orlando, Fla.
The event was focused on residential
construction, and attracted about 80,000
attendees, a significant increase from the
60,000 that went to last years event in
Las Vegas.
At the show, economists predicted
that single-family home construction
will continue on a gradual, upward
trajectory in 2017, fueled by solid
economic growth, ongoing job
creation, rising wages and favorable
demographics. IBS will stay in Orlando
next year, running Jan. 9-11, 2018.
Three days after IBS wrapped up
in Florida, World of Concrete (WOC)
2017 kicked off in Las Vegas, Nev.
This event focused on all aspects of
concrete construction, with more than
50 exhibitors in the south hall focused
on waterproofing, sealing, and coating
concrete. Attendance was down to
50,000 at this years show, but exhibitors
reported steady booth traffic and good
leads.
Show organizers called it a success
as well. Jackie James, director of WOC,
says, Exhibitors and attendees seemed
very pleased with WOC 2017. The
industry showed up in force to see new
products, network with their peers, and
prepare for business.
World of Concrete 2018 will take
place January 23-26, 2018 at the Las
Vegas Convention Center.
In early March, the 2017
International Roofing Expo (IRE) took
place at the Mandalay Bay Convention
Center in Las Vegas, Nev. IRE covers all
segments of the roofing industry, and
draws about 10,000 roofing professionals
each year.
Upcoming Events
BHA Regional Meeting
The Basement Health Association is
hosting a two-day regional meeting for
its membership on June 1 and 2 at the
Opryland Hotel in Nashville, Tenn.
The event includes testing for the
various waterproofing and structural
repair certifications BHA offers, as well
as several education sessions.
Topics include: Open vs. Closed
Crawlspace Systems, Understanding
the Stack Effect, Personal Health
for Contractors, Vapor Barriers and
Moisture Permeability, Carbon Fiber,
Mud Jacking, and Small Business
Accounting and Marketing.
For more information or to register,
visit www.basementhealth.org or call
BHA headquarters at (800) 245-6292.
Sponsorship packages are also available.
Air Barrier Conference
The 2017 ABAA Conference and
Tradeshow will take place at the Hyatt
Regency in Reston, Virginia on April 18-
20.
The event offers three comprehensive
learning tracks geared towards
contractors and design professionals, and
includes several notable individuals. Dr.
Joseph Lstiburek, a principal of Building
Science Corporation, pioneered building
scienceparticularly in the areas of air
barriers, vapor barriers, and vented and
unvented assembliesand has had a
lasting impact on building codes and
practices throughout the world.
The trade show portion of the event
will be held over two days and will feature
about 40 booths. The full conference
program and schedule can be viewed at
www.abaaconference.com/schedule/
SUPERIOR
PROTECTION.

COOL RUNNING.

CLASSIC CAST IRON.

With more models to choose from and quality

assembly right here in the U.S.A.*, Liberty is
supporting American workers - all while giving
you the highest level of basement protection.
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A Family and Employee Owned Company
Copyright Liberty Pumps, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
 TERRATHANE
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Kemper Acquires STS
Coatings
In December, Kemper System
America, Inc. announced that it has
acquired STS Coatings, Inc. of Comfort,
Texas to provide a wider range of
waterproofing products.
Specifiers want to work with
strong suppliers that can solve multiple
challenges, including walls and
foundations, and this greatly extends our
range, says Richard Doornink, president
and managing director of Kemper
System America.
STS Coatings has four major
brands which are now available through
the Kemper distribution network as
well. These products include: Wall
Guardian, a spray- or brush-applied,
water-based liquid air barrier system
for use in cavity-wall construction; Roof
Guardian Technologies, a liquid-applied
elastomeric roof coating system to help
prolong the life of roof surfaces, including
metal, smooth-surfaced BUR, polymer-
modified asphalt and single-ply roof
systems; HeatBloc Ultra Radiant Barrier,
a water-based (low-e) aluminum coating
thats applied to interior underside of the
roof deck to block over 80% of radiant
heat; and GreatSeal caulks and sealants
for doors, windows, masonry, roofing
and siding.
There are obvious synergies with
distribution and our existing lines, and we
intend to build these in the marketplace,
Doornink said. These proven brands
will continue to be available through
existing and new distribution channels,
including retail.
For more information, visit www.
STScoatings.com or contact Kemper
System at www.kempersystem.net.
12 WATERPROOF!
WATERPROOF! News
Roof Recycling Standard
Finalized
In December, ASTM International
finalized a new standard to reduce
the amount of used roofing materials
that goes to landfills. D8013, Guide
for Establishing a Recycle Program for
Roof Covers was developed by ASTMs
committee on roofing and waterproofing
(D08).
According to ASTM member Joseph
Schwetz of Sika Sarnafil Inc., the new
guide will help building owners who
want to minimize their environmental
impact by eliminating waste during roof
replacement. The standard will help
them and their contractors compare the
costs for disposal versus recycling.
In addition, manufacturers can
use the standard to determine whether
recycled roofing materials could be a
cost-effective ingredient in creating new
roofing products.
The new standard can be purchased
online at www.astm.org or by contacting
ASTM Customer Relations via telephone
(877-909-ASTM) or email (sales@astm.
org).
Polyurea Joint Venture in
South America
In December, VersaFlex Inc.
announced a co-labeling agreement with
Renner Coatings covering their full line
of polyurea systems sold in Brazilian and
Chile. The products will be sold under
the name RenFlex in those two nations.
We are excited to be working
with Renner Coatings, the largest
100% Brazilian coating company,
said Fernando Costa, sales manager at
VersaFlex South America. It will allow
us the opportunity to provide our high
quality polyurea coating systems in
markets not previously available.
The deal gives Renner access to
the full line of VersaFlexs polyurea
coatings, linings, sealants, and repair
materials, while VersaFlex gets access
to Renners distribution channels. The
agreement between VersaFlex and
Renner Coatings is promising and meets
our goal of increasing our presence in
South America, said Todd Gomez,
International Sales Manager at VersaFlex
Incorporated.
Firestone Offers Green
Guide
Firestone Building Products,
manufacturer of a wide range of
waterproofing and roofing products,
has created a guide to help customers
determine how their products mesh with
LEED Version 4 (LEEDv4) requirements.
When the U.S. Green Building
Councils LEEDv4 was released in early
2016, building and design professionals
called it the most comprehensive
overhaul in the programs 18-year
history. Among other changes, the
new LEED requirements emphasize
performance-based measurements,
energy efficient standards and demand
more transparency from building
materials.
To help professionals navigate
these changes, Firestone developed this
comprehensive guide that spans the
full portfolio of green productsfrom
energy-saving insulations to reflective
membranes and vegetative roofing
solutionsand explains how they can
help minimize environmental impact
while maximizing building value.
Its the first time the company has
created an all-inclusive resource for
products that earn LEED credits. The
guide will also contain a quick-reference
page that can be separated for on-the-go
access.
The guide was first introduced
at the Greenbuild trade show in early
October. Green building professionals
can download the guide online at www.
firestonebpco.com.
ASTM Test for Liquid- specializing in building technology at would create logistical problems.
Applied Roof Membranes Simpson, Gumpertz, and Heger, says, The test methods would be used by
In January, ASTM International Delivery to the exact point of application manufacturers and testing labs as well as
proposed two testing standards intended in relatively small containers makes the people who write specifications that
to help the roofing industry sample, test, these products particularly attractive for indicate which test methods should be
and compare liquid-applied polymeric small rooftop terraces, congested urban used to evaluate physical properties. The
membranes. areas, and roofs that are not accessible by D08 committee will meet next June 11-
These membranes are widely used in crane, where delivery of larger containers 14, 2017 in Toronto, Canada.
the roofing and waterproofing industries.
The standard is being developed
by ASTMs committee on roofing and
waterproofing (D08) and is called
WK40123, Test Methods for Sampling
and Testing Liquid Applied Polymeric
Roofing and Waterproofing Membranes
That Are Directly Exposed to Weather.
The proposed standard includes
ways to test liquid-applied polymeric
materials used as roofing and
waterproofing membranes exposed to all
kinds of weather. By their nature, these
materials are seamless, and are especially
useful when dealing with complex
surfaces.
ASTM member Philip Moser
notes that these membranes have been
traditionally used for waterproofing of
elevated parking decks, but that their use
for applications like roofing is quickly
rising.
Moser, a senior project manager

Spring 2017 13
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14 WATERPROOF!

Sealing Cold Joints with Waterstops
W
aterstop is a material that is
embedded in the concrete,
across the concrete joint, to
obstruct the passage of water through
the joint.
A waterstop installed in concrete
joints is an important component of
the overall waterproofing design. Use
of a waterstop with a waterproofing
membrane is considered a belt-and-
suspenders approach to provide a dry
basement. This is a common practice in
waterproofing design because if for some
reason water is able to circumvent the
membrane, the waterstop is in position
to obstruct the water in the most likely
place the water leak can occur through
the concrete cold joint. Beyond the
concrete cold joint, waterstops are
unable to prevent water ingress through
cracks that develop in the concrete due
to building settlement, load deflection,
or concrete shrinkage waterproofing
membrane systems, are available for
these crack issues.
What is a Waterstop
Many construction professionals
generally think of waterstop as being
a dumbbell profile extrusion of PVC
thermoplastic, four to nine inches
wide, installed in a concrete joint.
These dumbbell products have been
the most widely used waterstop for
decades. Today, there is a wide variety of
16 WATERPROOF!
materialsmetal, bentonite, asphaltic,
and hydrophilic rubberwith differing
compositions, sizes and profiles, used
as waterstops in concrete structures.
Waterstop is not an elastomeric sealant
or coating adhered to the concrete
surface at a joint.
It is important the waterstop be
manufactured with quality raw materials,
without defects. Many material types
and profiles are available for different
applications and joint conditions.
To choose a waterstop suitable for
the projects joint-sealing needs, it is
important to know the various product
types and material compositions. Most
types are manufactured exclusively for
use in cast-in-place concrete construction
joints (i.e. cold joints), while some can
also be used with expansion joints (See
story on p. 19). Selected waterstops
must accommodate the expected lateral,
transverse, and shear joint movements,
as well as, the expected hydrostatic
pressure.
Photo Courtesy Cetco
By Stacy Byrd
Standard Types of
Waterstops
Waterstops are manufactured in
various types, shapes (profiles), sizes, and
material compositions. Standard types of
waterstops include PVC thermoplastic
extrusions, hydrophilic bentonite and
rubber strips, and injection hose systems.
PVC Thermoplastic Extrusions
To accommodate varying hydro-
static pressure and movement, most PVC
waterstops come in different extruded
profiles, widths, and thicknesses. For
several decades, the most widely used
waterstops were those having a dumbbell
shape. Today, waterstop manufacturers
have developed profiles with multiple
raised ribs to provide improved
anchoring and sealing performance.
Both ribbed and dumbbell
waterstops are available with flat-web
or bulbed centers. They typically are
available in 50-ft. rolls, in widths of 4
in. to 12 in., and material thicknesses of
3/16 in. to in. Flat-web waterstops are
recommended for use in construction
and contraction joints where little or
no movement is expected. Since the
center bulb flexes to accommodate both
shear and transverse movements, these
waterstops can be used in expansion,
contraction, or construction joints.
The center bulbs come in various sizes
to accommodate differing amounts of Hydrophilic Waterstops through concrete construction joints,
joint movement, with larger-diameter Unlike PVC dumbbell waterstops including joints under high hydrostatic
center bulbs suitable for greater joint that function by passively blocking pressure and intermittent hydrostatic
movements. water, hydrophilic strip waterstops react conditions.
Some ribbed waterstops have a with water and swell to form a positive Hydrophilic waterstops are
center bulb with a thin tear-web on one watertight seal in the concrete joint. produced in rolls or strips. The profile is
side that ruptures upon joint expansion. Commercially available for several usually a small rectangle, with bentonite
The tear-web keeps concrete out of the decades, hydrophilic waterstops have a and rubber being the most common
center bulb during concrete placement. long proven track record. A hydrophilic materials. They are used mainly in non-
With the tear-web broken, the center waterstop is effective in providing moving construction joints; most are
bulb can open up to an extended width to protection against water infiltration not intended for use in expansion joints.
reduce stresses on the embedded ribbed
sections. Manufacturers recommend
using tear-web waterstops where large
movement is expected. They should
be installed so the tear-web side faces
outward toward the direction of positive
water pressure.
The width of the waterstop profile
should be selected based on the expected
head of water pressure the joint will
encounter. The general rule of thumb
is the larger the size of a waterstop
(e.g. width), the greater the hydrostatic
pressure resisted by the waterstop.
However, it is not just size that
affects performance; profile material
thickness and ribbing also play important
roles with resisting higher hydrostatic
pressures. Waterstop manufacturers can
recommend size and type when actual
project design conditions are available
for review.

Special Thermoplastic Materials

and Profiles
For better resistance to chemical
fluids, dumbbell and ribbed center-
bulb waterstops are produced with
polyethylene and thermoplastic
vulcanizate (TPV). This latter material
is intended for primary and secondary
containment structures, as well as ozone
contactor wastewater structures. TPV
waterstops are resistant to a wide range of
oils, solvents, and industrial chemicals.
Unlike PVC, TPV contains no plasticizer
to leech out when exposed to chemicals
and fuels.

Spring 2017 17
These systems are simple to install, and
do not have to be secured in place before
the first concrete pour. Also, adjacent
roll ends do not need to be heat-welded
together like a PVC dumbbell waterstop.
The material is adhered directly to the
cured concrete using an adhesive or
primer.
Hydrophilic waterstops are not
limited to cast-in-place concrete
construction cold joints. Due to
their flexibility and conformability,
hydrophilic strip waterstops can be
easily installed around pipe penetrations,
I-beams, concrete pilings, and irregular-
shaped surfaces. Additionally, they are
lightweight and flexible, and do not
require any special-order prefabricated
Ts, Ls, or crosses.
Since hydrophilic waterstops expand
in the presence of water, the second
concrete placement should take place
promptly after the waterstop is installed.
Otherwise, the waterstop might expand
if exposed to rain.
18 WATERPROOF!
Bentonite clay is the hydrophilic
agent material in many swelling strip
waterstops. However, some use different
types of hydrophilic agents and may
have different expansive properties (in
terms of rate and volume) when exposed
to water. Also, some are produced with
portions of the profile made of non-
swelling rubberthis means the entire
profile does not activate and swell.
The maximum expansion a
hydrophilic material exhibits in non-
confined, free-swell conditions will not
materialize in properly consolidated
concrete. The plasticity and expansion
properties provide it the ability to extrude
the bentonite compound into cracks and
advance around angle transitions that
may be present in the joint.
Injection-Hose Waterstops
Injection-hose waterstops are
usually a permeable or perforated hose
installed during new construction with a
series of injection ports and valves. These
ports are placed exposed at the interior
surface of the concrete for later access.
Should a leak occur after construction,
a grout pump can be used to inject a
resin (usually polyurethane) to seal the
joint and fill any adjacent voids in the
concrete.
Each injection hose system uses
permeable or perforated hose that is
installed at construction joints, in short
lengths (typically less than 30 ft.). The
hose core is surrounded by a woven
mesh outer layer so resin injected under
pressure can pass out of the hose into the
joint, but the freshly poured concrete of
the second concrete pour cannot enter
the hose and clog it. The hose is secured
to the first concrete pour after it sets, with
clamps mechanically fastened (typically
12 in. on center).
Adjacent hoses are overlapped by
six to 12 in. at each segment end, with
an injection port on one end exiting
the concrete. After the structure is built,
polyurethane resin is injected into the
hose to seal the joint and fill any cracks
or voids intersecting the joint. They can
also be used to seal construction joints
between new and existing structures.
Conclusion
Contractors have the most important
role with regards to waterstops: the
installation. Waterstops should be treated
as strategic building envelope barrier
material for the long-term success of
a project. For any waterstop to be
effective, proper design, installation, and
concreting practices must be followed.
Most importantly, one must select a
product size and profile suitable for the
expected joint movement, hydrostatic
head, and chemical resistance required.
Stacy Byrd is the technical services
director at Cetco. He has been involved
with hundreds of projects throughout
North America as well as Europe, Asia,
South America, Australia, and the Middle
East. He can be reached at stacy.byrd@
cetco.com.
 Waterstops for Expansion Joints
All Photos Courtesy Construction Specialties
E
xpansion joints are often required
to allow for various types of
building movement. These joints
cut completely through the building
to allow the segmented pieces to move
independently from each other. The joint
goes through all portions of the building,
including the exterior walls and roof. It
is important to use an expansion joint
cover to bridge the joint to keep things
like water and debris out while allowing
the building to move as designed. The
exterior building expansion joint can be
subject to major issues if its improperly
installed or neglected in the planning
phase.
Proper planning begins with
understanding how both the joint and
the cover should function. Smaller joints
may be closed off with backer rod and
sealant or pre-cured silicone sheet, but
for the most part, joints one inch wide
and larger require factory-manufactured
covers.
Wall Joint Systems
Selection of exterior wall covers
can include compression seals, pre-
compressed foams, rubber and rail
systems and metal covers with moisture
barriers.
Compression Seals
Compression Seals are commonly
used in parking garages as a traffic seal,
but they can also be used vertically. This
rubber seal is sized slightly larger than the
joint and held in place by compression.
Epoxy is often used to help keep them in
place. Because many manufacturers only
offer them in black, they may not blend
in with the building design
Pre-compressed Foams
Pre-compressed foams are another
popular choice for joints of one to four
inches and occasionally larger. The foam
used for the system is impregnated with
hydrophobic materials and has a silicone
face applied at the factory, which makes
it a one-piece installation process. The
silicone face allows for a wide variety of
By Dan Chapman
color options to potentially match other
building finishes. The installed product
will be the width of the joint, keeping the
exposed surface to a minimum.
It should be noted that there are
foam seals available that are not pre-
compressed or impregnated. These
lower-performance products are less
expensive, but only offer half of the
movement capabilities of the pre-
compressed seal.
Both pre-compressed and
uncompressed foam systems work very
well in most building finishes as they
require no mechanical fasteners and
expand to the substrate. This makes
them an especially good option when
substrates, such as masonry or brick, are
not completely smooth.
Spring 2017 19
 Rubber and Rail Systems
Rubber and rail systems utilize a
primary seal and a secondary seal that
fit into extruded aluminum rails, with
the rails being mechanically fastened
to either side of the joint. The primary
seal is ribbed in a manner to allow it to
expand and contract, and usually made
of a material like thermoplastic rubber.
Because the primary seal is visible, it is
usually made in a handful of standard
colors or in a custom color to match
WATERPROOFING & surrounding building finishes.
BUILDING PRODUCTS This system is most practical for
joints of four to 16 inches, and are also
popular in areas that require larger joint
systems for seismic movement.

The New Name in Commercial- Pan-Type Systems

Grade Waterproofing, the Pan-type systems are another cover

version for larger joints, typically wider

Armor Series from Mar-flex than eight inches. This system works like
a door and is often used where it is highly
visible and minimum cover exposure is
ArmorClay ArmorBlock 361 desired. The pans are designed to accept
many building finishes, including metal
(Fluid-Applied Dampproofing)
600/1000/1500 panels. The pans are attached to the
(Bentonite Clay Waterproofing) ArmorAir Barrier building via frames and have a hinge so
that during high levels of movement, the
(Air & Vapor Barriers)
ArmorSheet pan can swing free from the building

600 & 601 ArmorHRA 800

(Self-Adhering Waterproofing) (Hot-Applied Waterproofing)

ArmorMembrane ArmorFoam
(Foam Insulation)
363
(Fluid-Applied Waterproofing) ArmorMasonry
ArmorDrain Sealer
(Drainage Mats) (Masonry Sealer)

Full line of accessories

available for product installation

Learn more at www.mar-flex.com/armor

Visit or call: www.mar-flex.com
1-800-498-1411

20 WATERPROOF!
so that the finishes are not damaged. for roof and exterior wall expansion Dan Chapman is the senior manager
When the cover swings free, the system joint covers, proper selection comes of product marketing at Construction
has a secondary moisture barrier made down to having some basic knowledge Specialties, Inc. Their Expansion Joint
of reinforced polyethylene to keep water of expansion joint covers. You can Covers (EJC) division has been helping
out. then begin looking into the specific architects solve complex building
system that meets the criteria for your movement problems with custom solutions
Roofing Joints application. Understanding expansion for over 45 years. Dan can be reached at
It is also important to close off the joint covers and making an informed dchapman@c-sgroup.com.
horizontal roof joint. Manufactured decision will ensure water leakage will
roof expansion joint covers come in two not be an issue.
forms.
The first form is a simple bellows.
These covers are usually made from THE WORLDS BEST WATERPROOFING MATERIALS
EPDM or neoprene and have a layer FOR DECKS AND ROOFTOP PATIOS
of foam backing for support. They are
attached to a curb or cant using metal
DEC-K-ING has the solution to all your deck waterproofing needs
flanges that are factory applied on either
side of the material. These joint covers
need to be installed higher than the roof
membrane to avoid water ponding on or
near the flanges. Sometimes a secondary
drape of reinforced polyethylene is used
as a moisture barrier. This system is best
used in roof applications where the joint
is smaller than six inches wide and does
not have directional changes.
Larger joints and those designed
for directional changes are better served
with a metal cover plate system. The
center plate is peaked to discourage water
ponding. This cover can accommodate
compression, tension and lateral shear
movement. This system has a secondary
seal made of reinforced polyethylene
sheet, which can either be sloped for
drainage at the edge of roof or connected Supplying the decking industry since 1978
to the roof drainage system. Metal
covers that exceed 16 inches should be
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Spring 2017 21

Basement Backfill and Drainage By Clark Ricks
N
early all below-grade
constructioncommercial
as well as residential
incorporates some sort of waterproofing
layer. These membranes are a critical
component for keeping basements and
other below-grade spaces dry, but theyre
only half the solution.
In most areas of North America, a
drainage system should also be installed
to relieve hydrostatic pressure and extend
the life of the waterproofing membrane.
A number of different drainage methods
are available to ensure the waterproofing
membrane performs as designed.
Since the days of the Roman Empire,
engineers and builders have used crushed
stone or gravel as a drainage layer.
Installed properly, water flows through
the space between the aggregate to reach
a footing drain that collects the water
and directs it away from the structure.
This method is inexpensive, widespread,
and works well when installed correctly.
The drawback to these aggregate
drains is that they require careful
installation and offer no protection
against backfill damage. Enthusiastic
operators placing sharp aggregate directly
against the waterproofing membrane can
damage it. Also, the aggregate eventually
clogs with soil, sometimes called silting
up.
Beginning in the 1960s, new options
began to appear that not only protect the
22 WATERPROOF!
waterproofing, but serve as a protection
layer during the backfill process. Some
also provide insulation. This article
looks at a few of these modern materials.
Rigid Foam Boards
Rigid insulating drain panels can be
made from expanded polystyrene (EPS)
and extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams.
These are a three-in-one product,
serving as protection board, drainage
layer, and insulation. Both types of foam
are popular and will continue to perform
well even after decades of service.
Theyre also lightweight and easy to
install. Contractors using spray-applied
waterproofing systems can simply press
the panels against the wall and the
tackiness of the membrane will hold it in
place until the wall is backfilled.
Foam works very well with
waterproofing systems, states John
Cambruzzi at Insulfoam. Its well
established and known as an extremely
stable moisture and thermal performer.
He continues, The advantage of
EPS is the insulation value youre getting.
Thermal insulation has become code in
most climate zones. As a result when
you need to insulate because you have
working or living space on the inside,
EPS gives you moisture and thermal
advantages that no other product can.
For optimal results, use a board
with a filter fabric that covers the drain
Photo Courtesy Mar-flex
channels and keeps the sediment out.
Also, if backfill pressure will be extreme,
such as deep foundations, consider using
a denser foam to prevent compression.
Semi-Rigid Systems
There are also a number of semi-
rigid drain systems on the market that
usually offer better flow rates but lower
insulation values.
GMX Ultra-Dry is typical,
combining fiberglass insulation with
a resin binder to create a flexible
lightweight sheet. Tremcos Warm-N-
Dri is similar. Like rigid foams, these
lightweight panels can often be adhered
to the wall with the spray-applied
waterproofing. However, fiberglass
can irritate skin, and the market has
responded with alternatives.
ThermalDrain from GMX uses
polyethelene fibers, which provide
excellent drainage, and claims to be more
durable than fiberglass. Drain & Dry
from Mar-flex uses a bio-based binder
and inorganic mineral wool rather than
fiberglass. All of these are available with
a geotextile face on one side.
A rather unique semi-rigid option
is Shockwave, also by Mar-flex. Its
made from closed-cell, cross-linked
polyethylene foam, so unlike a rigid
foam board, which stays dented if hit,
this rubber-like product rebounds to the
original thickness, making it especially
useful in soils that move during freeze-
thaw and wet-dry cycles. It also offers
some insulation value, and has a
geotextile filter fabric bonded to one face
to ensure it functions well for decades.
A final type of semi-rigid system is
EnkaDrain, which relies on a tangle of
polypropylene filaments to create an air
gap. This design offers exceptional flow
rates but minimal insulation.
fastened to the wall, using nails and
proprietary termination strips.
Like other types of drainage products,
dimple drains must be combined with
footing drains to ensure water is directed
away from the basement.
Whatever system of waterproofing,
drainage board and footing drain you
select, be absolutely sure the system is
adequate for the conditions and that its
installed correctly. Once its installed and
the backfill process is complete, repairs
are either impossible, or at the least
expensive and complicated.
However, if you use the right
waterproofing membrane, and combine
it with a drainage system thats right
for the soil, climate, and building type,
waterproofers can ensure problem-free
below-grade living space for decades.

Dimple Sheet Drains

Sheet drains, or dimpled CARBON FIBER SPECIALISTS
membranes, are another popular option.
Theyre available in a wide range of
sizes, compressive strengths, flow rates,
filtration capabilities, and chemical
resistance to suit virtually any drainage
Gateway Composites focuses on the design, manufacture, sales and
application.
marketing of carbon fibers for multiple industries and applications.
Delta MS, made by Cosella-Drken,
is typical. Made from high-density BOWED WALL CRACK REPAIR SLAB/REPAIR CORNER REPAIR
extruded polyethylene, the product has REPAIR KITS KITS KITS KITS
an offset dimple pattern molded into the
plastic that creates an air gap between
the membrane and the foundation.
Designed primarily for residential
applications, the product provides
outstanding compressive strength and
impact resistance (Just over 5,200 psf).
Private Labeling Standard Fabrics and Custom Weaving
Other examples of this type of
Technical Design and Installation Support Sales and Marketing Support
product include Platon, SuperSeal and
Certified Fiber Properties 0% VOC and Solvent Free Resins
DMX. Many of these companies also
manufacture dimpled membranes
with a bonded geotextile face for more
demanding applications. Examples
include Tremcos TremDrain, Cosella-
Drkens Delta Drain, and similar
products from Mar-Flex and Cetco. In
this case, the dimples face out towards CONCRETE REPAIR AND REINFORCEMENT KITS
the soil, and the geotextile creates a free Available widths (2.0, 5.5, 12, 24, 50 inch)

cavity for the water to drain down. Aimed Products Include:

primarily at below-grade commercial
construction, these are becoming more
common in residential markets as homes
get bigger and owners build on sites with
more difficult drainage issues.
Most of these dimple/geotextile
products have a compressive strength of
10,000 to 15,000 psf and can drain 15 to
20 gallons per minute per lineal foot.
Sheet drains are usually mechanically
Carbon Fiber Fabrics (unidirectional and bi-directional construction)
Resins & Pastes (fabric impregnating and crack filling compounds)
Kits (precut fabric and resin for bowed wall, crack, slab and corner repair)
Composite Support Products (rods, angle, rebar, staples, strip)
Contact us for your residential, commercial and industrial needs.
Gateway Composites LLC
120 East Hwy A Wentzville, MO 63385
636-887-0637 www.gatewaycomposites.com

Spring 2017 23
The Key to a Successful Roof Coating
Roof Coating Application and Performance Tips
By James R. Kirby
R
oof coatings are designed for
protecting and extending the
service life of roof assemblies for
new construction and more commonly,
existing roof coverings, such as BUR,
metal, modified bitumen, single-ply, and
spray polyurethane foam. Roof coatings
are formulated to provide protection for
many years against the damaging effects
of weather and the environment, such as
UV light, and excessive water and wind.
The most common types of roof coatings
are acrylic coatings, asphalt coatings,
polyurethane coatings and silicone
coatings.
For existing buildings, every
building owner will eventually be faced
with the decision to completely tear-off
an existing roof, to recover it or to repair
it. About three billion sq. ft. of roofing
is either replaced or recoated each year.
Given that roofing materials are the third
greatest contributor to waste in landfills,
roof coatings are an ideal solution to
extend the service life of an existing roof
and prevent tear-off and waste. Roof
coatings extend roof service life because
they reduce rooftop temperatures by
reflecting radiation from the sun, protect
the membrane below the coating from
further degradation, and provide an
additional weather resistive layer for
long term performance. Reflective roof
coatings also help to reduce the urban
heat island effect.
Application and
Maintenance
Two keys to the successful
performance of a roof coating are proper
application and regular maintenance.
Some of the items to watch for during and
after a roof coating application include
spray-application problems, storage
24 WATERPROOF!
concerns, environmental conditions,
lack of maintenance and foot traffic.
Spray-Application Problems
The vast majority of spray-
application failures are the result of
an applicators lack of experience
and equipment-related issues. Spray
application equipment must always be
within the manufacturers specifications.
There are different brands, pumps,
pressures, hoses and tips. Applicators
must be vigilant in their efforts to
keep all of their equipment within the
parameters set forth in the specification.
Even when all of these requirements
are met, several factors can affect
application such as roof height, length of
hose, coating and ambient temperature,
and worn spray-tips. This can lead to
over-spray, clogging, lack of pressure,
improper spray fan pattern, etc.
Additionally, improper storage
or maintenance of spray application
equipment can cause problems on the
job. Using the wrong lubricating oils and
flushing liquids in a spray rig can cause
failure in a coating system. Failing to
replace a worn tip when spraying can
lead to overspray issues and coverage
rate problems.
It is paramount to have an
experienced spray applicator. For
example, an inexperienced applicator
can ruin a batch of moisture-cured
or solvent-based coating on a hot day
simply by dripping sweat into the coating
while mixing it. A crew that fails to
check the ambient temperature, surface
temperature, relative humidity and dew
point prior to application can cause
widespread installation problems.
Proper training and quality control
oversight will avoid many costly
mistakes.
Storage Concerns
Roof coatings are formulated
to react a certain way under certain
conditions. For example, improper
storage of moisture-cured coatings can
lead to a moisture-triggered reaction
taking place in the container before it is
applied. Roof coatings should normally
be stored in a climate controlled space,
where the coating will not reach freezing
temperatures, and generally never
exceed 110 degrees F. Roof coatings
should be kept in the shade, covered
from the elements, and kept on raised
platforms or pallets. The shelf life of each
package/pail should be observed, and
materials should be properly disposed of
when expired. Failure to follow proper
storage guidelines from a manufacturer
can result in costly failures in the applied
system.
Environmental Conditions
Sometimes coatings are best
applied in very hot weather, and other
coatings in more temperate conditions.
A building owner should consult with
the coating manufacturer to make
sure that ambient conditions are
taken into account. Projects close to
the ocean have special considerations
due to salt contamination and pop-
Spring 2017 25
 up thunderstorms. Also, surrounding
businesses or manufacturing operations
might expel contaminants onto the
project.
Lack of Maintenance
Coatings are barriers to the
elements, and they eventually degrade
in effectiveness. A proactive approach
to inspections can solve problems while
they are small. Waiting until there is a
leak will result in more costly repairs.
When the life of a coating nears its end,
plans should be made to renew it. This
keeps costs down, and prevents the
coating from failure. Many property
owners will protect their roofing
investment by formalizing an ongoing
roof maintenance and inspection
program and addressing all issues before
they become big issues.
Foot Traffic
Many facilities require foot traffic on
the roof. For example, HVAC units must
be maintained, pipes must be inspected,
and satellite dishes adjusted. With each
visit to the roof there is potential for
damage, whether it is a heavy tool that
is dropped or just the slow wear of
foot traffic in the same area. Prevent
unnecessary roof damage by requiring
maintenance personnel to wear shoes
that will not damage the roof and use
protective pads on which to place their
tools and equipment.
Potential Issues with
Installed Roof Coatings
During the application of a roof
coating, problems can occur. If there are
problems with a roof coating application,
it is prudent to work with the coating
manufacturer to determine proper
corrective measures. The following is a
brief discussion of potential problems.
Craters
Cratering is when a coating has
small bowl-shaped irregularities in the
surface. Craters are often small, about
26 WATERPROOF!
the diameter of a pencil or less. The
coating is very thin at the bottom of the
bowl shape, and may be slightly thicker
around the rim of the crater.
Craters are created when blistering
occurs early in the application of the
coating, and as the coating cures, the
blister pops, leaving a crater in the
surface. In addition, cratering can be
the result of rain on a coating that is
freshly applied, where the droplets push
aside the uncured coating. When the
water evaporates, a crater is left behind.
Cratering is detrimental to a coating
because the base of the crater is very
thin, which can allow UV light to pass
and degrade the roof that is being coated.
It can also lead to premature failure due
to a reduction in the coatings tensile
strength in those areas.
Fish Eyes
Fish eyes are very small blisters on
the surface of the coating that have not
popped. These small blisters have a small
recessed area around the outside with
a bubble in the middle. The tops of the
blisters are often so thin that they appear
transparent, and a small void to the
substrate may occur below it. Fish eyes are
almost always the result of contaminants,
or more rarely, manufacturing defects.
These contaminants can be introduced
in such a large number of ways that it can
be difficult to diagnose.
Blisters
Blistering is distinct from fisheyes in
that blisters are much larger and usually
thicker at the top. The most common
cause of blisters is the application of
coatings over a wet substrate. Blisters
can form immediately, or they may
form during warmer weather when the
trapped moisture heats up and water
vapor pressure exerts force on the
underside of the coating.
Pinholes
Pinholes are tiny holes that
perforate an entire layer of coating.
When air or solvent is trapped and
then escapes, a pinhole may be created.
This phenomenon can develop when
air is mixed into the product before
application or if the substrate being
coated is textured and air pockets are
formed under the film. Surfactants in
the coating help with this by allowing air
to escape quickly before the film cures.
Pinholes are most commonly an issue
with thin coatings, but can still occur in
thicker products. Two or more coats of
the product will take care of most risks
associated with pinholes.
will help prevent delamination. Some
roof coatings, however, are free from
delamination issues due to their
particular resin technology.
In summary, roof coatings can be
extremely beneficial to the service life
of a roof and to the energy efficiency
of the building it protects. Following
proper application means and methods,
performing regular maintenance, and
correcting problems are paramount to a
successful roof coating application.
James R. Kirby, AIA, is codes and
standards director for Roof Coating
Manufacturers Association (RCMA).
For more information, visit www.
RoofCoatings.org.

Mud Cracking
RAPIDLY CHANGING
Mud cracking is the result of
applying a coating too thick. The surface
THE GAME
of the film cures and shrinks at a faster
rate than the coating below it, causing it The WetSuit instant-set fluid applied
to split. waterproofing and roofing membrane
Amine Blush
80% cured in 3 seconds
If an epoxy base coating or primer
has been utilized, especially amine-
High build, single pass vertical or horizontal application
cured epoxies, one should monitor for Small team, high productivity = faster, safer projects
potential amine blush. Amine blush Water-based, VOC-Free, cold process
happens when the ambient temperature UV Stable, Class A Fire rated, highly puncture resistant
drops after application and the carbon Self-adhering, auto-terminating, extreme adhesion
dioxide in the air along with any moisture Outstanding performance in a variety of high perfor-
that is present combines with the amine mance waterproofing and roof recovery applications
curing agent and forms a carbamate on
the surface of the coating. This is a tacky,
waxy substance that will cause other
coatings to disbond from its surface. It
can be removed with detergent and water
using a scrub brush or abrasive pad.
Solvents like acetone or mineral spirits
will not remove it.

Delamination
When a roof coating delaminates,
its adhesive or cohesive properties
are lost. This normally happens when
water penetrates the film, either because
of a puncture or tear, or from water Find out more at www.neptunecoatings.com
penetration at ponding locations. An
Toll Free: (800) 967-7659 - info@neptunecoatings.com
increase in water generally results
in continued delamination. Regular
Patent Pending and protected by US Patent 8940382 and for use with the
inspections can prevent a progressive spraying system of US Patent 8919278
failure. Correcting ponding conditions

Spring 2017 27
 Since starting What happens when a
the Houseguard
system in March interlocks into a strong
we have not had MMR Mold Stain Remover
a single call back Removing mold stains in attics, crawl spaces and on
on a leaking
poured wall, structural building materials has long offered significant profits
something which membrane that is 668.9% for contractors who manage
typically had
occurred with our to control the labor costs
prior system. To learn more about how TruDry involved in these jobs. MMR

Pres. BoneDry WP
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for removing signs of mold growth.
MMR is preferable to hydrogen peroxide products, as
it is very destructive to the molds hyphae and mycelium that
grow into the porous building materials. MMR is ideal for
basement environment that is
WARM, HEALTHY & DRY! unconditioned areas like attics and crawlspaces. It can also be
Contact Kim Terry at 513.532.8869 / kterry@gmxco.com used to pass clearance tests when incorporated with source-
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Get it now at Jon-Don, or visit www.FastMoldRemoval.com
or call 1-800-400-9473.
FREE Product Information
New Peel & Seal Packing
For additional information Peel & Seal Aluminum , the self-stick roofing waterproofing
membrane from MFM Building Products, now comes in shrink-
on any product advertised in wrapped retail packaging units.
Specifically designed for low-slope residential and
this issue visit commercial applications, the product was previously available
only in contractor cartons. The company now offers single rolls of
Aluminum Peel
www.waterproofmag.com/freeinfo & Seal for retail
sale. Each roll is
33.5 feet long,
and available in
four-, six-, and
nine-inch widths.
The move is
Spring 2008
expected to help
distributors and
Fall 2007 Winte
r 2008

2009
Winter

building supply stores increase sales, and the labeling is printed

in English, Spanish and Canadian to serve a diverse customer
oofing Blindside
Waterpr
Above
Grade
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derslab
Waterproofing
Drainage Boar
ds
Sump
Pumps
Under
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n Ro
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The Un Roof Footing and
ofs
Fixing the Sta

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Stadium rical Landmark
a Broke Crge
ysta
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n Foun
dation
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28 WATERPROOF!
 On the Market
Liquid Air Barrier from Soprema
Soprema Inc., now offers a vapor-permeable, liquid-applied
air barrier dubbed SopraSeal LM 204 VP. It is a one-component,
low-odor, vapor-permeable,
liquid-applied polyether air
barrier product. With 98% solids,
it does not shrink and requires
less wet film to achieve dry film
thickness while still providing
outstanding protection against
moisture and air infiltration.
As a liquid product, it
performs well even in jobs with
complex geometry, and can
be applied in a wide range of
temperature and weather conditions. SopraSeal 204 VP can be
applied in temperatures down to 25 degrees F without the use of
additional additives.
For more information on this spray applied liquid
membrane, visit www.soprema.us.

Garland Coating Resuscitates Metal Roofs

Garland offers a coating designed to restore and extend the
service life of existing metal roof and wall panel systems. The
CPR System is a lightweight, low odor, synthetic liquid rubber
membrane with high tensile strength and the ability to elongate
and recover regardless of the temperature.
It promises to delay costly roof replacement and improve
the overall performance of the roof system.
The CPR System forms a rubber-like monolithic membrane
over the entire surface, providing excellent resistance to UV
damage and
deterioration.
Its light, too.
It adds only
one-fifth of
a pound per
square foot to
existing roof
systems when
completed.
The CPR System is available in brush-grade and trowel-
grade versions and can also be spray applied. When properly
installed and maintained, this system can provide an additional
10 to 15 years of service life.
For more information, visitwww.garlandco.comor call 800-
321-9336.

Spring 2017 29
 Ad Index
Absolute Weather Shield 25
American Hydrotech BC
Boccia 29
Cetco 15
Construction Specialties 6
Dry Concrete 30
Epro 13
Gateway Composites 23
Global Decking Systems 21
GMX 17
Grate Products 25
HouseGuard 28
Insulation Solutions 26
Liberty Pumps 10
Mapei IFC
Mar-Flex 20
MFM 3
National Waterproofing Supply 29
Nationwide Reinforcing 5
Neptune Coatings 27
Polyguard 7
Rafa Buildings 14
RAM Construction Services 31
Rhino Carbon Fiber 9
Santa-Fe Moisture Control 31
Steelway Cellar Doors 14
Tecnorap 18
Terrathane 11
W.R. Meadows 8

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On-line: www.waterproofmag.com Toll Free: 877-229-9174 .3

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30 WATERPROOF!
RESTORATION & WATERPROOFING SPECIALISTS
LIVONIA GRAND RAPIDS MINNESOTA CLEVELAND CINCINATTI
734-464-3800 616-538-7520 651-765-1950 440-740-0100 513-297-1857
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Spring 2017 31