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ponfwdkYonf vnf;aumif; ZD0kyfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
axGjym;jrm;ajrmifvaS om ZD0rsKd;pHrk sKd;uGJ tm;vH;k wdt Yk wGuf
tpmtm[m&onf tajccH tusqH;k aom vdt k yfcsufBuD;
wpf&yf jzpfaomfvnf; ZD0kyw f \Ykd &Siof ef&yfwnfa&;onf
tm[m&wpfckwnf;tay:om &mEIef;jynfh rSDcdk r&Edkif
ay/ vdkufavsmnDaxG &SifoefaexdkifEdkifaom obm0
ywf0ef;usif\ tajctaeonf ouf&rdS sKd;pdwt f m;vH;k wdYk
rsKd;qufyGm;Edkif&eftwGuf tvGefta&;BuD;aom
ausmaxmufaemufcHyif jzpfonf/
owavmuwGif ywf0ef;usifESifh vdkufavsmnDpGm
&SifoefEdkifpGrf; r&Sdawmhojzifh aysmufuG,foGm;aom
rsKd;pdwt
f rsm;tjym; &Scd o
hJ nf/ ,if;uho J aYkd om jzpfpOfrsm;udk
odyHynm&SifwdkYu rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,frI[k urnf;xdk;cJh
Muonf/ rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G rf I (Extinction) qdo k nfrmS
ZD0kyfwdkY &Sifoef&yfwnf r&awmhonfh tqifhtxd
jyif;xefq;kd &Gm;vSaom obm0ywf0ef;usif tajctae
aMumifh ajrumay:rS xm0&aysmufuG,foGm;jcif;yif
jzpfonf/
om"utm;jzifh A[dktar&duwdkuf twGif;&Sd
aumhpwm&DumEdkifiH\ ayav;axmifausmfjrifhaom
Mu,fpkBuD;aygufuGJNyD; *rfrma&mifjcnfrsm; jzmxGuf
jrifEikd af om a&Ta&miftqif;&Szd m;jyKyfrsm; &Sio f ef usufpm;
cJhMuonf/ xdka&uefrsm; wnf&Sd&mae&monf wdrfcdk;ESifh
jrLrsm; tjrJwrf;tHq Yk ikd ;f aeaom a'ojzpfNyD; ,if;odaYk om
obm0ywf0ef;usif tajctaeudk tvGefESpfoufonfh
a&Ta&miftqif;&Sd zm;jyKyfrsm;onf ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm &Sio f ef
yGm;rsm;cJh Muonf/
od&Yk mwGif umhtylcsdef jrifw h ufvmojzifh vGecf ahJ om
ESpfaygif; 30 cefYrSp wdrfcdk;ESifh jrLrsm; avsmhyg;vm
rIaMumifh a&Ta&mifzm;jyKyfrsm; taumifa&odompGm
usqif;vmcJo h nf/ okawoe jyKcsufrsm;t& 1988 ckEpS f
wGif 10 aumifrQom usef&Sd&mrS aemufwpfESpftMum
1989 ckEpS f ta&mufwiG f wpfaumifwnf;om usef&adS wmh
aMumif; awG&U &dS onf/ xdu k mvaemufyikd ;f wGif vH;k 0rawG&U
awmhonfhtwGuf tqdkyg a&Ta&mifzm;jyKyfrsm;onf
ajrumay: rusef&SdawmhbJ rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,f
oGm;MuNyD[k okawoDwdkYu aumufcsufcscJhMuonf/
tvm;wlyif Mammoth ac: tarG;xlqifBuD;rsm;
onfvnf; vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif; 1000 ESihf 12000 tMum;
wGif rsKd;okOf; aysmufuG,foGm;cJhMuovdk arm&pf&SuRef;
&Sifoefusufpm;cJhMuaom 'dk'dktrnf&Sd tawmifyHygNyD;
rysH o ef ; wwf a omcd k r sm;onf v nf ; 1665 ck E S p f u
vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;cJhMuNyD jzpfonf/
odyHokawoDwdkYonf vGefcJhaom ESpfoef;aygif;
3000 cefYumvu ouf&Sdrsm; pwifjzpfwnfcJhonf[k
cefYrSef;xm; Muonf/ xdkpOfu tyifESifh ow0gtm;vHk;
wdkYonf ukef;ajray: &SifoefaexdkifEdkifjcif; r&Sdao;bJ
yifv,fEiS hf ork'& mrsm;xJom &Sio f efaexdik cf MhJ uonf/
xdktcsdefumvrSp rsufarSmufumvxdwdkif rsKd;okOf;
aysmufuG,frIBuD; ajcmufBudrfwdkifwdkif jzpfay:cJhonf/
yxrtBurd f rsK;d okO;f aysmufu, G rf BI u;D onf vGecf ahJ om
ESpo f ef;aygif; 488 rS 444 twGi;f jzpfay:cJo h nf/ xdak cwf
umvudk odyo H ak woDwu Ykd atmf'Akd qD , D efumv (Ordo-
vician Period) [k trnfwyfcJhMuonf/ yxrtBudrf
rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, I iG f b&mcsDaygh'f (Brachiopods)
G rf w
ESihf tDcsDE'kd rf (Echinoderms) paom ausmd;k rJah &ow0g
rsm;pGmwdYk tygt0if ow0grsKd;&if; 25 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ESihf rsKd;pdwf
85 &mcdkifEIef;wdkY rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,fcJhMuonf/
&moDOwkajymif;vJrIaMumifh tat;vGefuJaom
umBuD;tjzpfodkY ajymif;vJum yifv,fa&rsufESmjyif
edrfhusoGm;rIaMumifh ylaEG;aom omausmufwef;a'o
rsm; &Siof efusufpm;onfh a&ow0grsm; tpkvu kd f tNyHK
vduk f aoqH;k cJNh yD; yxrtBudrf rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G rf BI uD;
jzpfcJh&onf[k odyHokawoDwdkYu oHk;oyfcJhMuonf/
tcsKdUaom odyHokawoDwdkYurl plygEdkAm (Super Nova)
usa&mufvmrIaMumifh tdZk ek ;f vTmBuD; aysmufu, G o f mG ;um
c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnfrsm; vGefuJjyif;xefpGm usa&mufvm
jcif;aMumifh a&ow0grsm; trsm;tjym; rsKd;okOf;cJhMu&
onf[k ,lqcJhMuonf/
'kwd, rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,frIBuD;onf vGefcJhaom
ESpof ef;aygif; 416 rS 359 twGi;f jzpfay:cJo h nf/ 'DAekd ,
D ef
'dik Ef akd qmrsm;onf vGecf ahJ om ESpof ef;aygif; 145 rS 65 twGi;f jzpfay:cJah om
yOr rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,frIBuD;\ aESmif;ydkif;umvwGif yg0ifoGm;cJhMuonf/
tmumoxJrS t&G,ftpm;BuD;rm;aom N*dK[fodrfwpfcku umajrBuD;udk
0ifwdkufrd&mrS zkefrIefYwdrfwdkufBuD;rsm;jzpfay:um ESpfaygif; oef;ESifhcsD
aea&mifudk um&Hwm;qD;xm;cJhaomaMumihf tvif;zGJUtpmcsuf jzpfpOfjzifh
&SifoefMu&onfh tyifrsm; aoqHk;ysufokOf;oGm;cJhonf
umv (Debvonium Period) [k trnfay;xm;aom
xdt k csdeu f mvu tyifEiS hf ow0gwdo Yk nf a&xJomru
uke;f ajray:yg &Sio f efaexdik Ef ikd o f nfh tqifo h Ykd ajymif;vJ
wdk;wufvmcJhonf/
umh&moDOwk ajymif;vJrI tBuD;tus,fjzpfay: NyD;
umhawmifbufjcrf;wGif a&cJrsm; zH;k vTr;f vmjcif;aMumifh
qDzmvdkaygh'f (Cephalopods) ow0grsKd;pdwf 82 &mcdkif
EIef;wdkY rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,foGm;cJhMuonf/ rsKd;okOf;oGm;
cJhaom ow0grsm;xJwGif jynfBuD;ig;ESifh a&b0J paom
ckrsKd;EG,rf sm;ESihf omausmufwef;udk wnfaqmufaom
ausmd;k rJh a&ow0grsm; trsm;tjym;yg0ifomG ;cJMh uonf/
ygrD,efumv (Permian Period) [k ac:qdkaom
vGefcJhonfh ESpfoef;aygif; 299 rS 251 umvtwGif;u
wwd, rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G rf BI uD; jzpfay:cJo h nf/ xdu k mv
twGif;u yifv,fow0grsKd;pdwf 96 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh
ukef;ow0g rsKd;pdwf 70 &mcdkifEIef;wdkY rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,f
cJhMuonf/
xkdpOfumvu qdkufab;&D;,m;a'o&Sd rD;awmif
BuD;rsm; twGJvdkuf tpkvdkuf aygufuGJum umAGef'dkif
atmufqu kd "f mwfaiGU trsm;tjym;udk xkwv f wT cf rhJ aI Mumifh
umBuD; odompGm ylvmNyD; yifv,fESifh ork'&ma&rsm;
vnf; tylcsdef jrifhwufvmcJhonf/ ork'&mMurf;jyifrS
a&atmif;j'yf (Hydrates) wdkYu rDodef;"mwfaiGUrsm;
xkwv f w T rf aI Mumifh ork'& ma&eufyikd ;f wGif atmufq*D sif
"mwfaiGUrsm; ukefcef;avsmhenf;vmcJhonf/
xdkuJhodkY ,dk,Gif;vmaom tajctaersm;aMumifh
AufwD;&D;,m;rsm;onf [dkuf'dk*sifqmvzkduf yrmP
rsm;pGmudk xkwfvTwfcJhMuNyD; avxk\ zGJUpnf;rIudkyg
ysuf,iG ;f oGm;apcJo h nf/ avxkxJ atmufq*D sif"mwfaiGU
yg0ifEeI ;f onf yHrk eS &f &dS rnfh 22 &mcdik Ef eI ;f rS 13 &mcdik Ef eI ;f txd
usqif;oGm;rIaMumifh ukef;aea&aeow0g &mcdkifEIef;
trsm;pkwYkd rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G of mG ;cJMh uHrk Qru ajrqDvmT
ysuo f Ok ;f um tyiftrsm;tjym;wdyYk g aoqH;k oGm;cJMh uonf/
pwkw rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,frIBuD;url vGefcJhaom
ESpfoef;aygif; 250 rS 200 twGif; jzpfay:cJhonf/ xdkif
&ufppfumv (Triassic Period) [k ac:qdak om xdak cwf
umv\ rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G rf BI uD;wGif ouf&rdS sKd;pdww f \
Ykd
76 &mcdik Ef eI ;f aysmufu, G o f mG ;cJMh uonf/ tqdyk g rsKd;okO;f
aysmufu, G rf BI uD;xJwiG f udEk 'kd eG Yf (Conodonts) [k ac:qdk
aom ig;ESifhqifwlonfh ow0grsm;tygt0if a&ae
wGm;oGm;ow0grsm;? uke;f wpfyikd ;f a&wpfyikd ;f ow0grsm;?
uke;f ae wGm;oGm;ow0grsm; trsm;tjym; yg0ifomG ;cJMh u
onf/ 'dkifEdkaqmow0grsm;onf pwkw rsKd;okOf;aysmuf
uG,rf u I kd ausmfvmT ;Edik cf NhJ yD; ajrumBuD;udk aemufxyf
ESpfoef;aygif; 140 Mumatmif vTrf;rdk;xm;EdkifcJhMuonf/
'dkifEdkaqmrsm;onf vGefcJhaom ESpfoef;aygif; 145 rS
65 twGi;f jzpfay:cJah om yOr rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G rf BI uD;\
aESmif;ydkif;umvwGif yg0ifoGm;cJhMuonf/ tmumoxJrS
t&G,t f pm; BuD;rm;aom N*dK[ford w f pfcu k umajrBuD;udk
0ifwu kd rf &d mrS zkerf eI w
Yf rd wf u kd Bf uD;rsm; jzpfay:um ESpaf ygif;
oef;ESifhcsD aea&mifudk um&Hwm;qD;xm;cJhaomaMumihf
tvif;zGUJ tpmcsuf jzpfpOfjzifh &Sio f efMu&onfh tyifrsm;
aoqHk; ysufokOf;oGm;cJhonf/
pmrsufESm (20) odkY

qGrf;qefpdrf;
avmif;vSLyGJusif;y
ayguf {NyD 19
rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD; aygufNrdKUe,f
atmifwHcGefNrdKU OD;avom&yfuGuf
(11) Budraf jrmuf qGr;f qefprd ;f avmif;
vS L yG J u d k &yf u G u f a ejynf o l r sm;u
obm0ab;t&m,frS uif;a0;ap
&ef t&m,f u if ; y&d w f & G w f z wf
ylaZmfyGJESihf &yfuGuftwGif;&SdoufBuD;
tbd;k tbGm;rsm;tm; ylaZmfuefawmh
yGu
J kd {NyD 18 &ufu &yfuu G t f wGi;f
usif;y&m oHCmawmftyg; 300 tm;
Xmeqkdif&mrsm;?aps;olaps;om;rsm;?
&yfuGufaejynfolrsm;ESihf vkyfief;&Sif
rsm;u qGr;f qeftw d f 15 ESit
fh wd t
f vSL
aiGrsm; avmif;vSLMuonf/
,if;aemufatmifwcH eG &f yfuu G f
twGif;&Sd oufBuD;tbkd;tbGm;rsm;
tm; tvSLaiGESihf aq;ypnf;rsm;ay;
tyfvSL'gef;cJhaMumif;od&onf/
Pfwkd;(ayguf)
rkefwkdif;aMumihf qHk;HI;olrsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;tyf
ausmufjzL {NyD 19
{NyD 16 &ufwGif rm&omrkefwdkif;
wdkufcwfrIaMumihf ysufpD;oGm;aom
ausmuf j zLNrd K U ausmuf w vH k ;
u,fq,fa&;pcef; (IDP) &Sd &Spf
cef;wGJvdkif;cef;taqmif NydKusrI
aMumifh ,m,Dae&mcsay;xm;aom
tdrfaxmifpkoHk;pktm; {NyD 18 &uf
u NrdKUe,fpDrHcefYcGJrIaumfrwDrsm;?
vlr0I efxrf;u,fq,fa&;ESihf jyefvnf
ae&mcsxm;a&;OD;pD;XmerS ausmuf
wvHk;u,fq,fa&;pcef; (IDP)
odkYoGm;a&muf axmufyHhaiGrsm;
ay;tyfcJhonf/
tcrf;tem;odkY NrdKUe,fpDrHcefYcGJrI tdrfaxmifpk oHk;pk? trsKd;om;ckepfOD;?
aumfrwDtzG0UJ ifrsm;rS taqmifNydKus trsKd;orD;&SpfOD;tm; tdrfaxmifpk
rIaMumihf ,m,Dajymif;a&TUaexdkifol wpfpkvQif aiGusyf 30000 EIef;jzifh
pmrsufESm 19 rStquf
xkdjzpfpOfonf tyifpm;ow0g rsKd;pdwfrsm;pGmudk
aysmufuG,foGm;apcJhovdk wpfqufwnf;tm;jzifh
tom;pm;ow0gESihf tpHpk m;ow0grsm;pGmwdu
aysmufuG,foGm;apcJhonf/ ruqDudkEdkifiH ,luwef
uRef;qG,w f iG f uDvrkd w
D m 200 us,f0ef;aom {&mrusif;
BuD;wpfck ,aeYxdwdkif&SdaeNyD; xdkusif;BuD;\ tenfus
tvTmwGif tD&D'D,rf"mwfudk okawoDwdkYu &SmazGawGU&Sd
cJMh uonf/ tD&'D , D rf"mwfonf N*dK[ford rf sm;wGif obm0
tavsmuf zGJUpnf;wnf&Sdaeaom "mwfypnf;jzpfaom
aMumifh ,luwefuRef;qG,fay:wGif {&mrN*dK[fodrfBuD;
usa&mufco hJ nfukd oufaoxlEikd cf MhJ uonf/ yOrrsKd;okO;f
aysmufuG,frIBuD;wGif 'dkifEdkaqmrsm; tygt0if ow0g
rsKd;pdwpf pk ak ygif;\ 75 &mcdik Ef eI ;f rSm umajray:rS tNyD;
wdkif aysmufuG,foGm;cJhMuonf/
q|r rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G rf BI uD;[k qd&k rnfjzpfaom
rsufarSmufumv\ rsKd;okO;f aysmufu, G af erIonf ouf&dS
um\ rsKd;okOf;rIrsm;xJwGif tqdk;&Gm;qHk;ESifh xdwfvefY
wkev f yI zf ,
G f taumif;qH;k yif jzpfonf/ ypKyeu
ysrf;rQtm;jzifhtcsdef wpfem&Dwdkif; rsKd;pdwf oHk;pdwfysuf
okOf;aysmufuG,fvsuf &Sdaeonf/ wpfenf; qdk&aomf
wpfESpfwm umvtwGif; rsKd;pdwfaygif; ESpfaomif;ckepf
axmifcefYrQ ysufokOf;aysmufuG,fvsuf&SdaeMuonf/
c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnft&m,f owday;EId;aqmfcsuf
c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnf vwfwavmxdawGU rIaMumifh aeavmifjcif;? tom;ta&mif ndKrnf;vmjcif;wdkYjzpfapEdkifNyD;
xdawGU ru
I mvMumaomtcg rsufpw d rd pf jJG cif;? ta&jym;rsm; t&G,rf wdik cf if tdrk if;&ifah &mfjcif;? ckct H m;usqif;jcif;?
ta&jym;uifqmjzpfjcif; ponfhqdk;usKd;rsm;udk jzpfay:apEdkifygonf/
c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnfonf eHeuf 10 em&DrS nae 4 em&DcefYtwGif; jrifhrm;pGmusa&mufEdkifygonf/ odkYjzpfyg
if;tcsdeftwGif; oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;olrsm;? oBuFefa&upm;olrsm;? uav;i,frsm;ESifh oufBuD;bdk;bGm;rsm;onf
atmufygtcsufrsm;udk owdjyKvdkufemMuyg&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmftyfygonf/
(1) tvGefyljyif;aomaea&mifatmufwGif tvkyfvkyfudkifjcif;? oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;jcif;ESifh c&D;oGm;vmjcif;
ponfwdkYudk wwfEdkiforQ a&SmifMuOfyg/
(2) rdrt d om;udk aea&mifjcnfEiS hf wdu k f u
kd rf xdawGaU p&ef rsufEmS ? vnfyif;? yck;H wdyYk g vkNH cHKaom xD;? OD;xkyf
ponfwdkYudk aqmif;oGm;yg/
(3) t0wfvGwfuif;aeaom vuf? vnfyif;ESifh yckH; ponfhae&mrsm;udk oeyfcg;xlxl (odkYr[kwf) SPF
15+ yg0ifaomaea&mifcHvdrf;aq;udk aea&mifxJ rxGufrD 15 rdepfcefY BudKwifvdrf;yg/ aea&mifcH
vdrf;aq;wpfcgvdrf;NyD; ESpfem&DMumNyD;wdkif; wpfcgxyf vdrf;ay;yg/
(4) c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnfonf rsufpdudkvnf; xdcdkufapEdkifojzifh c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnfudk 99 % txd tum
tuG,fay;Edkifonfh aeumrsufrSefudk wyfqifoifhygonf/
(5) c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnf tvG,fwulrazmufEdkifaom csnfom;xlxlyGyG t0wftxnfrsm;udk 0wfqifyg/
(6) uav;i,frsm;onf vlBuD;rsm;xuf c&rf;vGefa&mifjcnft&m,f\ qdk;usKd;rsm; ydkrdkxdcdkufcHpm;&Edkif
ojzifh -
- toufwpfESpfatmuf uav;i,frsm;udk aeylxJodkY ac:aqmifjcif;rjyKygESifh/
- uav;i,frsm;udk t&dyfxJwGifom upm;apyg/
- uav;i,frsm;taejzifh tjyifxGuf&efvdktyfygu oeyfcg;xlxl (odkYr[kwf) aea&mifcHvdrf;aq;udk
rsufESm? vnfyif;? yckH;? aemufausm? ajcaxmufESifh ajczrdk;rsm;ay:odkY vdrf;ay;yg/ csnfom;xlxlyGyG
t0wftxnfrsm; 0wfqifay;yg/ aeumrsufrSef wyfqifay;yg/ OD;xkyf? xD;aqmif;ay;yg/
usef;rma&;ESifh tm;upm;0efBuD;Xme
axmufyHhaiGrsm; ay;tyfcJhaMumif;
od&onf/
(cdkif jyef^quf)
odyHokawoDwdkYu ajrumBuD;ay: rsKd;pdwf
pkpkaygif;q,foef;rS q,fhoHk;oef;txd rsKd;okOf;aysmuf
uG,o f mG ;cJMh uNyD[k cefrY eS ;f xm;Muonf/ od&Yk mwGif us,fjyefY
Yk ykd g xyfqifh eufIdif;vSaom ajrumBuD;wGif rsKd;pdwfaygif;rnfrQ vkyfief;rsm;u pGefYxkwfvdkufaom "mwktqdyfrsm;u
&SdaecJhonf? rnfrQ aysmufuG,foGm;cJhNyD? rnfa&GUrnfrQ
usef&Sdaeao;onfudk rnfolurQ wyftyfaocsm rajym
Edik Mf uay/ okawoDwu Ykd &SmazGazmfxw k x
f m;NyD; jzpfonfh
tyifESifh ow0grsKd;pdwf 1 'or 75 oef;[laom udef;
*Pef;onfyifvQif ajrumBuD;ay: trSefwu,f
&Sdaeonfh yrmPxuf rsm;pGmavsmhenf;aeao;onf/
ajrumBuD;udk vTrf;rdk;cJhaom 'dkifEdkaqmow0g
BuD;rsm; raysmufuG,frDu vlom;wdkY\ a&S;tquf
tET,frsm;jzpfMuonfh EdkYwdkufow0grsm;onf ntcsdef
om usifvnf usufpm;cJMh u&onf/ vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif;
65 oef;u 'dkifEdkaqmrsm; rsKd;okOf;aysmufuG,fcJhMuNyD;
aemufydkif;wGif EdkYwdkufow0grsm;u umBuD;udk vTrf;rdk;
csKyfuikd v f mcJMh uonf/ ypKyerf sKd;okO;f aysmufu, G rf BI uD;\
vufonfw&m;cHurl tqift h jrifq
h ;kH aom Edw
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jref r mh t vif ; uvl B uD ; yk d i f ; eJ Y
vlvwfykdif;y&dowfawGtBudKufrsm;
w,fqkdayr,fh tckaemufykdif;
we*FaEGtywfpOf vli,ftusKd;jyK
ynmay;? &oumwGe;f u@xnfo h iG ;f
azmfjyay;wmaMumihf t&G,fokH;yg;
ra&G; ESpfNcdKufMuygw,f/ xkdYtjyif
'pf*spfw,fowif;pm xkwfvTihfzdkY
twGuf jrefrmhtvif; pmwnf;rSL;csKyf
ESifh wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u wkid ;f a'oBuD;ESifh
jynfe,frsm;okdY uGif;qif;&Sif;vif;
aqmif&GufwJh owif;rsm;ukdvnf;
zwfI&ygw,f/
owif;rsm;ukd tcsed Ef iS w fh pfajy;nD
od&SdcGihf&&Sdrnfjzpfojzihf bkd;ouf&Snf
jrefrmhtvif;&mjynfhrSonf ESpfwpf
axmifwkdif t"GefY&SnfygapaMumif;ESihf
atmifjrifrIrsm; qwufxrf;ykd; quf
vufykdifqkdifEkdifygapaMumif; ppfrSef
aom pdwfapwemjzihfqEjyKvkdufyg
onf/
em,ljcif;? t&m,fuif;y&dwaf wmfrsm;
&Gwfzwfo&Zsm,fjcif;? aumif;rI
ukodkvfrsm;? pwk'domauR;arG;
vSL'gef;jcif;? bk&m;? ykxdk;? apwDrsm;
wGif oefY&Sif;a&;jyKvkyfjcif;? a&
oym,fjcif;? 'kvb0wfjcif; ukokdvf
rsm;udjk yKvkycf MhJ uNyD; &yfuu
G rf sm;wGif
ESpfopfudkaumif;rIukodkvfjzihf BudKqdk
cJhMuaMumif; od&onf/
azxGPf;aZmf(a&pBudK)
Mumoyaw;? {NyD 20? 2017
txyfjrifhwdkufcef;rsm;wGif rD;ab;t&m,fBudKwifumuG,fa&;ESifh rD;avmifvQif aqmif&Guf&rnfhenf;vrf;rsm;
ygarmua'gufwmxifaZmfpdk;
tnmaEGum; yljyif;vSonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH NrdKU BuD;rsm;\
{NyDv aeYtylcsdefonf 40 'D*&DpifwD*&dwf 0ef;usif
ESifhtxuf&SdaMumif; rdk;av0oESifhZvaA'TefMum;rI
OD;pD;Xmeu xkwfjyefxm;onf/ rdk;av0oynm&Sif
a'gufwm xGe;f vGiu f vnf; 4if;\ azhpb f w k f pmrsuEf mS wGif
&moDOwk yljyif;rIt&m,fudk owday;azmfjyxm;onf/
&moDOwk yljyif;vmonfESifhtrQ rD;ab;t&m,fvnf;
jrifhrm;vmEdkifonf/ {NyD 2 &uf n 10 em&D 15 rdepfwGif
rauG;wdkif; a'oBuD; rauG;NrdKU jrifom&yf opmvrf;ESifh
(29) vrf;axmifh&Sd a&Tjrwfrif;orD; um&mtdkau
tqifjh rifh tat;cef;pm;aomufqikd f (ESpx f yftaqmuf
ttHk) wGif rD;avmifrIwpf&yfjzpfyGm;NyD; trsKd;om;?
trsKd;orD; 15 OD; tcsdefwdktwGif; aoqkH;cJhaMumif;
aemufwpfaeYwiG f xkwaf 0aom jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm
wGif zwfvdkuf&onf/ azhpfbkwfpmrsufESmrsm;wGifvnf;
rD;avmifuRrf;NyD; kyt f avmif;rsm;udk jrifraumif;atmif
xdwfvefYpGm awGU&onf/ odkY rD;avmifrIrsKd;xyfrHrjzpf
yGm;a&; ynmay; aqmif;yg;wpfapmifa&;&eftvdkYiSm
pma&;olonf {NyD 7 &ufwGif rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD;
rD;owfOD;pD;XmeodkY oGm;a&mufum efMum;a&;rSL;
OD;atmif0if;pde?f vufaxmuf efMum;a&;rSL; OD;oef;xdu k f
pdk;wdkYESifh awGUqkH jzpfpOfudk ar;jref;cJhygonf/
rD;avmifrjI zpfpOfwiG f um&mtdak uqdik jf zpfaomfvnf;
d;k d;k tdrof ;Hk rDwmudk ok;H pGx
J m;aMumif; awG&U &dS NyD; avat;
ay;pufig;vk;H ? yefumrsm;? a&cJaowmESihf aw;*Dw vQyf
ppfyikd ;f qdik &f mypn;f rsm;udk wpfNydKifwnf; ok;H pGjJ cif;aMumifh
vQyfppfrD;rEdkifjzpfjcif; (Overload)jzpfum rdef;cvkwf
tylcsdejf rifw h ufvm&mrS 0dik , f ma&Smjh zpfNyD; rD;pwifavmif
uRrf;aMumif; od&ygonf/ 0dkif,mrsm;onf um&mtdkau
tcef;okH;xyfom;eH&Hrsm;tMum; toHvkHa&jrKyfrsm;
(Soundproofing foam) tMum;wGif &Sad eaomaMumifh
,if;a&jrKyfavmifpmodYk rD;ul;pufNyD; xyfqifah vmifuRrf;
um rD;avmifrItm; jrifhwufcJhonf/ tcef;wGif;&Sd
jywif;aygufrsm;udk okH;xyfom;jzifh taoydwfxm;NyD;
tcef;wpfcef;pDwGif xGufaygufwpfckpDom&Sdonf/
rD;avmifrIaMumifh xGuf&Sdvmaom "mwfaiGUrsm;aMumifh
tcef;wGif;&Sdvlrsm; toufSLusyfum owdarhajrmNyD;
tcef;jyifyodkY tcsdefrDrxGufEdkif rD;awmufrD;jzifh
avmifuRrf;aoqkH;cJh&onf/ rD;avmifaom taqmuf
ttHkudk rD;owfwyfzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh jynfolrsm; BudK;yrf;rI
aMumifh em&D0uftwGif; rD;Nidrf;owfEdkifcJhNyD; teD;&Sd vlae
tdrfrsm;udk rD;rul;pufap&ef xda&mufpGm umuG,fEdkifcJh
onf/
ae&mwGif rD;avmifrItaMumif;udk tenf;i,f
&Sif;jyvdkonf/ rD;onf okH;wwfvQif rdwfaqG? rokH;wwf
vQif &efoljzpfaMumif; tm;vkH;od&SdNyD;jzpfonf/ rD;udk
vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygi;f 1 'or 6 oef;cefu Y ausmufacwfwiG f
pwifawG&U cdS NhJ yD; vlom;wdYk aumif;usdK;twGuf tok;H jyKEdik cf hJ
ovdk rD;aMumifv h tUl oufaygif;rsm;pGm aoauscJMh uonf/
rD;avmifrIwpfckjzpf&ef tcsufoHk;csuf (Triangle of
Fire) vdt k yfonf/ tyl(Heat)? atmufq*D sif (Oxygen)
ESihf avmifpm(Fuel) wdYk jzpfonf/ xdo k ;kH ckteuf wpfcck u k kd
jzwfawmufEikd rf o S m rD;Nidr;f rnf/ rD;\tylcsdeEf iS hf pyfvsOf;
a&qltrSwfrSm 100 'D*&DpifwD*&dwfjzpfNyD; rD;xGef;xm;
aom za,mif;wdkifwpfwdkif\ tjyifbufqkH; tem;owf
tylcsderf mS 1400 'D*&Dpifw*D &dw&f o
dS jzifh rD;avmifrI jzpfpOf
rD;awmuf\tylcsdefudk cefYrSef;Edkifonf/ avmifpm
taetxm;ESifh rD;Nidrf;owfrIykHpHudkvdkuf rD;avmifrI
trsdK;tpm;udk European Standard Classification
of Fire t& atmufygtwdkif; (6)rsdK; cGJjcm;xm;onf/
(1) omrefavmifpmrD;(Oyrm- opfom;? t0wf?
yvwfpwpfrD;)
(2) rD;avmifv, G tf &nfr;D (Oyrm- a&eHq?D "mwfq?D
t&ufjyefrD;)
(3) rD;avmifvG,ftaiGUrD;(Oyrm- AsLwdef;? ydkydef;
"mwfaiGUrD;)
(4) owKrD;(Oyrm- qdk'D,rf? ydkwufpD,rf? r*eD
qD,rfrD;)
(5) vQyfppfr;D (Oyrm- 0dik , f ma&Smrh ;D ? rde;f cvkwcf rHk ;D )
(6) taMumfqrD ;D (Oyrm- pm;ok;H qD? axmywfqrD ;D )
rD;avmifrIwdkif;udk a&jzifhzsef;yuf Nidrf;vdkYr&Edkifyg/
rD;avmifrItrsKd;tpm;udkvdkuf owfrSwfxm;aom
rD;owfypnf;ygaq;bl; (Fire Extinguisher) rsm;jzifh
rD;Nidrf;&onf/ (Z,m; Munfhyg)
rD;avmifrItrsdK;tpm;yg avmifpmtvdkuf
tokH;jyKrnfh rD;owfypnf;rsm; ykHpHjyZ,m;
rSwfcsuf/ trSwt f om;rSm avmifpmtvdu
Edkifonfh rD;owfypnf; jzpfonf/
azmfjyyg um&mtdkauqdkifwGif vltrsm; tcsdefwdk
twGi;f rD;avmifaoqk;H &jcif;rSm rD;avmifraI Mumifh xGu&f dS
vmaom umAGefrdkaemufqdk'f(Carbon Monoxide)
"mwfaiGUonf toufSLvrf;aMumif;rS 0ifa&mufum
aoG;twGif;&Sd aoG;eDOrS [Drdk*vdkbif(Haemoglobin)
ESihf aygif;pyfNyD; umabmufq[ D rD *kd vdb k if (Carboxyha
emoglobin) jzpfum aoG;twGif; atmufqD*sif"mwf
ro,fEikd af wmhyg/ wpfcsdew f nf;wGif a&jrKyf(Foam)rsm;&Sd
ay:vD,&l o D ed ;f (Polyurethane)"mwfypn;f \ rD;avmif
rIaMumifh xGuf&Sdvmaom [dkuf'dk*sifqdkif&mEdkuf
(Hydrogen Cyanide)"mwfaiGUonf toufSLvrf;
aMumif;rS 0ifa&mufNyD; cEmud, k qf v J f (Cell)rsm;&Sd touf
SLjcif;qdkif&mvkyfief;aqmif&Gufay;onfh rdkufwdkuGef'&D;
,m;rsm; (Mitochondria)\ tifZikd ;f (Enzyme)pepfukd
ydwfqdkY[efYwm;avonf/ aoG;twGif; atmufqD*sif
ro,fEdkifjcif;? qJvfydkif;qdkif&m toufSL&yfwefYjcif;?
rD;avmifraI Mumifh jyifyavwGif atmufq*D sifavsmhenf;
jcif;wdkY aygif;qkHum rD;avmif&mtcef;wGif;&Sd vlrsm;
toufSLusyf? owdarhajrmNyD; aemufqkH; rD;awmuf\
avmifuRrf;rIudk cHcJh& tcsdefwdktwGif; toufqkH;IH;cJh
onf/ rD;avmifrIjzpfpOfwGif ]]rD;ESifhvltNydKiftqdkif
atmufqD*sifudk vkMuavonf}} [k wifpm;okH;EIef;avh
&Sdonf/
,cktcg NrdKU BuD;jyBuD;rsm;wGif acwfrv
txyf j rif h w d k u f c ef ; rsm;? uG e f ' d k r D e D , rf r sm;aqmuf
vkyv f mMuonfukd awG&U onf/ xdt k aqmufttHrk sm;wGif
f ma&Smrh ;D (Short circuit fire)? rD;zdak csmifr;D (Kitchen
0dik ,
fire) jzpfyGm;wwfojzifh rD;ab;t&m,f BudKwif
umuG,af &;ESihf rD;avmifygu aqmif&u
rsm;udk azmfjyygonf/
rD;ravmifcif aqmif&Guf&rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;
(1) txyfjrifw h u kd cf ef;rsm; aqmufvyk rf nfqykd gu
oufqikd &f m rD;owfO;D pD;Xme? vQyfppfXmersm;
ESihf qufo, G f tBuHPf&,ljcif;? axmufcH
csuf&,ljcif;rsm; aqmif&Guf&ef
(2) jzpfEdkifygu tcef;wdkif;wGif xGufayguf(2)ck
xm;&Sd&ef? xGufayguf(1)ckom&Sdygu jywif;
aygufxm;&Sd&ef? jywif;aygufudk oHyef;jzifh
taorwyfqifbJ zGifhvG,fydwfvG,fonfh
oHyef;jywif;aygufwHcg;tjzpf wyfqifNyD;
aomhcavmufaomhwu H kd owfrw S af e&mwGif
xm;&Sd&ef tdrfom;rsm;udk today;xm;&ef
(3) ta&;ay:qif;oufEdkifrnfh avSum;wpfpif;
k f tok;H jyK wyfqifxm;&ef? avSum;\ BuHhcdkifa&;udk
wpf E S p f w pf B ud r f tenf ; qk H ; ppf a q;xd e f ;
odrf;&ef
(4) ta&;ay:qif;oufEdkifa&; tokH;jyK&ef cdkifcHh
aom Edik v f eG Bf udK;&Snw f pfacsmif; toifah qmif
xm;&ef? BudK;t&SnfrSm wdkuftcef;rS atmuf
ajcajrjyif txd t&Snf&Sd&rnf/
(5) vQyfppfrD;tm;jrifhwufygu tvdktavsmuf
rD;jzwfaomud&d,m(Automatic Circuit
Breaker) rsm; wyfqifxm;&ef
(6) rD;avmifvQif tvG,fwulod&Sd&ef rD;vSefY
tcsufay;pepf (Fire Alarm System)
xm;&Sd&ef
(7) rD;owfaq;bl;rsm; tvkHtavmufxm;&SdNyD;
rD;owfaq;bl;tokH;jyKrI avhvmxm;&efESifh
vufawGU avhusifhjcif;? xdef;odrf;jcif;wdkYudk
aqmif&Guf&ef
(8) rD;tm;jrifhpufxm;&Sdygu puf\ BuHhcdkifrIudk
ppfaq; &efESifh owdxm;tokH;jyK&ef
(9) vQyfppfr;D tm;udk cHEikd o f nf0h efxuf ydrk ok;H &ef
(10) vQyfppfrD;zdk? *ufpfrD;zdkrsm;udk owdjzifh
udkifwG,fokH;pGJ&ef
(11) nrtdyfrD? tdrfjyifyodkY rxGufrD vQyfppfrD;
cvkwfrsm;? rD;<uif;rD;usefrsm;udk ppfaq;NyD;
aocsmrStdyfyg? xGufyg/
rD;avmifvQif aqmif&Guf&rnfhenf;vrf;rsm;
(1) rD;avmifvQif pdk;&drfpdwfrBuD;ygESifh/
(2) rD;owfO;D pD;XmeodYk zke;f jzifh csufcsif;taMumif;
Mum;yg/
(3) tcef;twGi;f rS jyifyodYk xGuv f Qif tcef;wHcg;
eH&EH iS hf wHcg;vufuikd u f kd twGi;f rS rdrvd ufzrd;k
jzifh rD;tylcsdef &Sd? r&Sd prf;oyfyg/ rD;tylcsdef
r&SdvQif jznf;nif;pGmzGifh avSum;rSwpfqifh
atmufoq Ykd if;yg/ rD;avmifpOf "mwfavSum;
udk tok;H rjyK&? acgifr;kd bufqo D Ykd wufrajy;&?
rD;onftxufbufodkY avmifuRrf;aMumif;
D monf ESithf rQ owdjyKyg/
(4) tcef;wHcg;eH&o H nf rD;tyl&edS &f adS evQif wHcg;udk
rzGifh&? jyifyrS rD;cdk;rsm; tcef;twGif;odkY
0ifa&mufrI r&Sdap&ef wHcg;atmufajcESifh
Murf;jyifMum;udk apmifrsm;? t0wfrsm;jzifh
G &f rnfh enf;vrf; ydwfqdkYyg/ tcef;jywif;aygufudkzGifh jyifyodkY
tultnDawmif;yg/ u,fq,forl sm; tvG,f
wul od&Sdap&ef ta&mifazsmhaomt0wf
(Oyrm- tjzLa&mif)jzifh tcsufjyyg/
(5) rD;owfwyfz0UJG ifrsm;? u,fq,forl sm;tvmudk
apmifhyg (odkYr[kwf) ,kHMunfrI&SdvQif toifh
aqmifxm;aom EdkifvGefBudK;&Snfudk tcef;
wpfae&mwGif cdik cf ahH tmif csnfaESmifNyD; jywif;
aygufrw S pfqifh BudK;tultnDjzifh atmufajc
ajrjyifoYkd owdxm; jznf;nif;pGm qif;ouf
yg/
(6) xGuaf ygufEiS hf ajy;vrf;wGif rD;awmufrsm;jzifh
ydwfqdkYrI r&SdvQif? tcef;twGif;odkY rD;cdk;rsm;
vnf; 0ifvmNyDqv kd Qif cEmud, k uf kd ESrd hf vnf;
aumif;? Murf;jyifwiG f wGm;oGm;vnf;aumif;
vIy&f mS ;Ny;D tcef;twGi;f rS jyifyodYk tjrefxu G yf g
(jrifo h nft h ydik ;f wGif "mwfaiGrU sm;&SNd yD; Murf;jyif
ESifheD;aom tydkif;wGif atmufqD*sif&Sdaom
av tvTm&Sad omaMumifh jzpfonf) jzpfEikd v f Qif
a&pGwx f m; aomvufuikd yf 0g? pGyu f s,fwpfcck k
jzifh ESmacgif;ESifh yg;pyfudkydwfum rD;cdk;rsm;
toufSLvrf;aMumif;twGif; 0ifa&mufrIudk
[efYwm; tcef;twGif;rS tjrefqkH;xGufyg/
(7) cEmud, k af y:&Sd tus? t0wftpm; rD;pGaJ vmif
ygu rajy;ygESifh? cEmudk,fudkMurf;jyifay:odkY
vScJ sNyD;vdryhf g? t0wf? apmifx&l ydS gu rD;avmif
ae&mudk &pfywfNyD; rD;Nidrf;yg/
(8) tcef;jyifyab;vGwf&modkY a&muf&SdNyD;aemuf
arhusefypnf;udk jyef0if,l&ef rBudK;pm;ygESifh
(rD;avmifygu tzd;k wefypn;f ? pm&Gupf mwrf;
udk rdrdESifhwpfygwnf; ,laqmifEdkif&ef tpu
wnf;u BudKwifjyifqifxm;&ef vdkrnf)/
(9) azmfjyygenf;vrf;twdkif; oufBuD;&G,ftdk?
uav;ESihf roefrpGr;f olrsm;&Syd gu rD;vGw&f modYk
tcsdefrDaTUajymif;yg/
rD;avmifNyD; aqmif&Guf&ef
(1) rD;avmifNyD; aetdrfwdkufcef;odkY oufqdkif&m
cGifhjyKcsufr&&SdbJroGm;&? taqmufttHk\
tpdwt f ydik ;f wcsKdU NydKusEdik af Mumif; owdjyKyg/
(2) vdt k yfygu pdwfoufomrI&&Sd&ef pdwu f sef;rm
a&; yg&*lESifh wdkifyifyg/
toufPfapmif?h OpmuHapmifq h o kd vdk rD;ravmif
cif BudKwifjyifxm;Mu&ef? vdkufemaqmif&GufMu&ef
wdkufwGef;a&;om;vdkuf&ygonf/ ow0gtm;vkH; rD;ab;
t&m,frS uif;a0;Muygap/
 Mumoyaw;? {NyD 20? 2017

a&Ta&mifpwD;xD;awmfESihf pwD;apwDrsm; ydkrdkvSL'gef;vm

owif;aqmif;yg;-wif0if;av;(Munhfjrifwdkif)? "mwfyHk-abmf*gaoG;
Ak'omoemxGef;um;&m jrefrmEdkifiHwGif acwftquf
qufu wnfxm;udk;uG,fvmcJhMuaom apwDrsm;onf
tkwjf zifo h m t"du wnfaqmufcMhJ ujcif;jzpfonf/ ajrudk
tkwfzkwf bdvyfajr? oJ? xHk;ESihftjcm;aomaygif;pyfrI
wkdYjzihf wnfaqmufvmcJhonfrSm vGefcJhaomESpfaygif;
axmifcsDuwnf;uyifjzpfonf/ om"utm;jzihf xif&mS ;
pGmqkd&aomf a&Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;\ oufwrf;awmfESpf
2600 ausmfjzifh oufaojyK&rnfomjzpfonf/
apwDwnfxm;NyD;txGwfwifxD;awmfrsm;udkvnf;
yef;wOf;ynm&Sifrsm;u oGyf? aMu;eDjym;wkdYjzihf yHkazmf
xkazmufMuNyD; opfap;okwf a&Ttppfcs(a&Tusif)ylaZmfchJ
Mujcif;jzpfonfudk vGefcJhaom 10 ESpf0ef;usiftxd
Munfjh rifwidk yf ef;wOf;ynm&Sirf sm; &yf0ef;wGif us,fjyefpY mG
vkyfudkifvsuf&Sdaeao;onfudk awGU jrifcJh&onf/
okdYaomf vlwdkY\wDxGifxkwfvkyfrI vGefpGmwkd;wuf
vmjcif;onf toHk;taqmifypnf;rsm;omru jrefrmh
,Ofaus;rIe,fy,f d;k &mvufryI nmtwGi;f txdyg us,f
us,fjyefjY yefx Y ;dk azmuf0ifa&mufvmrIukd ,cktcg&Si;f &Si;f
vif;vif;awGU jrifvm&NyDjzpfonf/
d;k &mpepfjzihf apwDwpfqu l dk tkwjf zifw
h nfaqmufrrI mS
ukefusp&dwfESihfay;&aomtcsdefwkdYrSm vGefpGmrsm;jym;cJh
onf/
apwDNyD; wpfzefx;D awmfwifvLS &mvnf; xD;awmf
udk oGyf okdYr[kwf aMu;jzihfjyKvkyf&jcif;wGif xD;awmftm;
t"dua&Tcs&jcif; (a&Tuyfjcif;) yifjzpfonf/ xD;awmftm;
a&TtppfuyfvSLEdkif&eftwGuf yxropfap;okwf&onf/
yxropfap;wpfxyf(wpf&nf)okwNf yD; onfEiS fh opfap;
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Invitation for Bids 1/ vQyfppfESifhpGrf;tif0efBuD;Xme? a&tm;vQyfppftaumiftxnfazmf
a&;OD;pD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd olaX;a&tm;vQyfppfpDrHudef;twGuf EdkifiHjcm;
Date: 18th April, 2017
f if'g Loan/Grant No. and Title: 3084-MYA:Power pufypnf;rsm; o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; jrefrmusyfaiGjzifh
Distribution Improvement Project Contract No. and vkyfief;tyfESHaqmif&Gufvdkygonf/
avQmufvTma&mif;csrnfh&uf - 18-4-2017&ufrS 27-4-2017&uf Title: Package 5: Cables and Conductors 2/ wif'gykHpHpwifa&mif;csrnfh&uf - 19-4-2017 &uf? 09;00 em&D
txd? kH;csdeftwGif; Deadline for Submission of Bids: 12:00 hours (Local wif'gaemufqkH;wifoGif;&rnfh - 4-5-2017 &uf?
Time) on 31st May, 2017
avQmufvTma&mif;csrnfh - jynfwGif;tcGefrsm;OD;pD;Xme? &uf^tcsde f 12;00 em&D
ae&m kH;trSwf(46)? aejynfawmf/ 1. The Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) has 3/ tdwfzGifhwif'gykHpHESifh wif'gqdkif&mtao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk
received financing from the Asian Development Bank owif;pmwGif aMumfjimygonfh&ufrSp kH;csdeftwGif; atmufygXmewGif
A[dkwHqyd af cgif;ta&mif;aumifwm? (ADB) toward the cost of Loan 3084-MYA: Power vma&mufpkHprf;Edkifygonf/ wif'gac:,la&;vkyfief;aumfrwD
trSw(f 33^12)? 36vrf;?r[mAEKv Distribution Improvement Project, and it intends to apply
part of the proceeds of this financing to payments under
a&tm;vQypf pftaumiftxnfazmfa&;OD;pD;Xme? k;H trSw(f 27)? aejynfawmf
vrf;ESifh taemf&xmvrf;Mum;?
the contract named above. Bidding is open to bidders zkef;-067-8104189? 8104190? 8104191
ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f?
from eligible sources countries of ADB.
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; 2. The MOEE ("the Purchaser") invites sealed bids from
wif'gwpfapmifwefzdk; - 5000 usyf eligible bidders for the supply and delivery of Cables
wif'gwifoGif;&rnfh&uf - 3-5-2017 &uf (Ak'[l;aeY) and Conductors for the Yangon Electricity Supply
wif'gwifoGif;&rnfhtcsde f - 10;00 em&DrS 16;30 em&Dtxd Corporation (YESC) for the project area in Yangon.
3. International competitive bidding will be conducted in
wif'gwifoGif;&rnfhae&m - pm&if;tif;XmecGJ? jynfwiG ;f tcGerf sm;
OD;pD;Xme? k;H trSw(f 46)? aejynfawmf
accordance with ADB's Single Stage: One-Envelope
bidding procedure and is open to all bidders from eligible
wif'gpdppfa&G;cs,frnfh&uf - 4-5-2017 &uf (Mumoyaw;aeY) countries as described in the Bidding Document.
4. Only eligible Bidders with the following key
wif'gpdppfa&G;cs,rf nft h csed f - 10;00 em&D
qualifications should participate in this bidding:
wif'gpdppfa&G;cs,frnfhae&m - jynfwGif;tcGefrsm;OD;pD;Xme? (a) Minimum average annual turnover of $7.5 million
kH;trSwf(46)? aejynfawmf/ or equivalent calculated as total payments received
tao;pdwt f csut
f vufrsm;udk atmufygvdypf modkY qufoG,pf kHprf; by the Bidder for contracts completed or under
execution over the last three (3)years.
(b) Successful completion as main supplier within the
jynfwGif;tcGefrsm;OD;pD;Xme last 3 years (from 01/01/2014 to the deadline of bid
pm&if;tif;XmecGJ (aejynfawmf)
zkef;-067-430025? 067-430027
submission), of at least 2 contracts each valued at
USD 1 million or equivalent with nature, and
aMumfjimpm
complexity similar to the scope of supply described &efukefta&SUydkif;cdkifw&m;kH;
in Section 6 (Schedule of Supply)
The qualification criteria are more completely described 2017ckESpf w&m;rtaxGaxGrItrSwf-32
in the bidding document.
5. To obtain further information and inspect the Bidding
(jrefrmEkdifiHukrPDrsm;tufOya'yk'fr-54(u)?
Documents, bidders should contact: 55? 56 tm; vkdufemcGihfjyK&efavQmufxm;jcif;)
Director General, Department of Electric Power
Planning vDrGefx&D;ukrPDvDrdwuf avQmufxm;ol
Ministry of Electricity and Energy, Building
No.6, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
(4if;udk,fpm; wm0efay;tyfjcif;
Telephone:+9567411293, Facsimile:+9567411293 cH&ol refae*sm a':jrihfjrihfav;)
E-Mail:dep.pssp.info@gmail.com trSwf H-8? arcvrf;? arctdrf&m?
6. To purchase the Bidding Documents in English, eligible
bidders should submit a written application to the av;axmifhuefvrf;? oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,f?
address above and upon payment of a nonrefundable fee &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;
of Myanmar Kyat 100000. The method of payment will
be direct deposit to MD 013200 at Myanma Economic &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;? oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,f? arcvrf;?
Bank in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. The original arctdr&f m? av;axmifhuefvrf;? trSwf H-8 ae vDrGex f &D;
receipt(chalan) of Myanma Economic Bank shall be
submitted and the bidding documents can be obtained ukrPDvDrdwufu jrefrmEkdifiHukrPDrsm; tufOya'
at the above address. yk'fr-54(u)? 55? 56 vdkufemcGifhjyK&ef avQmufxm;csuf
7. Deliver your bid
- to the address above tay: tusKd;pD;yGm;ouf0ifonfh tqdk&Sdolcyfodrf;wdkYtm;
- on or before the deadline: 12:00 hours(Local Time) tqkdygtrIwGif 4if;wdkY vma&mufavQmufxm;qihfqdk&ef
on 31st May, 2017.
- together with a Bid Security/ Bid-Securing
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Declaration as described in the Bidding Document. 24&uf eHeuf 10em&DwiG f rdrwd ku
Yd ,
kd wf ikd af omf vnf;aumif;?
Bid will be opened at 12:15 hours (Local Time) on rdrw
d kUd u ae&mwustrdeUf ay;xm;ol udk,pf m;vS,w f pfOD;OD;
31st May, 2017 in presence of bidders' representatives
who choose to attend. tm;jzihv f nf;aumif; vma&mufqihq f kd&efESihf rIcif;rSwwf rf;
8. The MOEE will not be responsible for any costs or rsm;udkMunfhI&ef ,ckrdefUMum;qifhqdkvkdufonf/ 4if;uJhodkY
expenses incurred by bidders in connection with the
preparation or delivery of bids. vma&mufjcif;wpfckckr&Sd ysufuGufcJhvQif kH;awmfu
9. When comparing Bids, ADB's Domestic Preference qkdcJhaom vDrGefx&D;ukrPDvDrdwuf\ avQmufvTmtay:
Scheme will be applied in accordance with the
provisions stipulated in the Bidding Document.
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