Ocean Cable Engineering Handbook - Vol10 Compiled by Ian S. Coote

Ocean
Engineering Notes.
Compiled
by
Ian S. Coote
Part 3
Handbook
for
Ocean Cable Engineering.
Volume 10
Additional Notes.
1st. Edition
This compilation
Copyright 2009 by Ian S. Coote.
Neither Ian S. Coote, or any of his associates

makes any warranty, express or implied,
or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of
any information, apparatus, product or process
disclosed, or represents that its use would not
infringe privately-owned rights.
Page i
Contents.
Page No.
1. Introduction. 1
2. Ocean Cable Data. 2
2.1 General. 2
2.2 Multiconductor Ocean Cables. 2
2.2.1 Pair Multiconductor Ocean Cables. 2
2.2.2 Quad Multiconductor Ocean Cables. 2
2.3 Armored Coaxial Ocean Cables. 9
2.3.1 General. 9
2.3.2 Type SB ( 0.160/0.620 ) Coaxial Ocean Cable. 9
2.3.3 0.128/0.420 Coaxial Ocean Cable. 14
2.4 Armorless Coaxial Ocean Cables. 17
2.4.1 General. 17
2.4.2 Type SD Coaxial Ocean Cable. 17
2.4.3 SF Coaxial Ocean Cable. 22
2.4.4 SG Coaxial Ocean Cable. 25
2.4.5 0.99 Lightweight Coaxial Ocean Cable. 30
2.4.6 1.47 Lightweight Coaxial Ocean Cable. 32
2.5 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cables. 35
2.5.1 General. 35
2.5.2 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable. 35
2.5.3 0.128/0.460 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable. 40
2.6 Optical Fiber Ocean Cables. 44
2.6.1 General. 44
2.6.2 Optical Fiber Ocean Cables - Tyco. 44
2.6.3 Alcatel-Lucent Optical Fiber Ocean Cables. 48
3. Cable Handling Equipment. 51
3.1 General. 51
3.2 Anchors, Mushroom. 51
3.3 Buoys, Balloon or Cable, and Fittings. 53
3.3.1 Standard Balloon Buoys. 53
3.3.2 Deep Sea Cable Buoys - DLM Type. 61
3.3.3 Cable Buoys - Telemark Cable Marker Buoys. 62
3.4 Buoy Slip Hook. 63
3.5 Cutter, Velocity Power. 64
3.6 Floats. 66
3.6.1 Inflatable Balloon Floats, Double Nylon and Rubber. 66
3.6.2 Deep Submergence Glass Floats. 67
3.6.3 Inflatable Floats. 68
3.7 Grapnels. 69
3.7.1 General. 69
3.7.2 Batfish Grapnel. 69
3.7.3 5-Prong Round Bottom Common Grapnel. 69
3.7.4 Flatfish Grapnel ( Commercial ). 69
Page ii
Contents ( Continued ).
Page No.
3.7.5 Gifford Grapnel. 69

3.7.6 Jamming Grapnel. 69
3.7.7 Rennies Grapnel. 69
3.7.8 Rouillard Grapnel. 69
3.7.9 Sliding Prong Grapnel. 69
3.8 Ground Chain Holding Plate. 87
3.9 Grapnel Rope and Fittings. 88
3.10 Double Braided Nylon Rope and Fittings. 95
3.11 Serving Application Tool. 99
3.12 Grapnel Rope Shackles. 100
3.13 Small Oldman Sheaves. 101
3.14 Cable Stoppers. 102
3.14.1 BTL Stoppers. 102
3.14.2 Certified Tapered Chain Stopper. 106
3.14.3 Commercial Tapered Chain Stoppers. 109
3.14.4 Siemens Stopper. 110
3.15 Cable Stopper Chain Assemblies. 112
3.16 Swivels. 113
3.16.1 Miller Swivels. 113
3.16.2 Ball Bearing Swivel. 115
Page iii
Figures.
Page No.
2.2.2(a) Transmission characteristics of 0.041/0.130 wet-core 5

quad-type armored ocean cable.
2.2.2(b) Transmission characteristics of 0.057/0.180 wet-core 7

2.2.2(c) Cross section of 0.057/0.180, 4 quad deep sea armor 8

wet-core ocean cable ( H armor wires ).
2.3.2(a) SB coaxial ocean cable attenuation and characteristic 12

impedance vs. frequency.
2.3.2(b) SB coaxial ocean cable, type H. 13
2.3.2(b) SB coaxial ocean cable, type A. 13
2.3.3(a) 0.128/0.460 coaxial ocean cable, attenuation and characer- 16

istic impedance vs. frequency.
2.4.2(a) SD coaxial ocean cable, attenuation and characteristic 20

impedance vs. frequency.
2.4.2(b) SD coaxial ocean cable, List 1. 21
2.4.2(c) SD coaxial ocean cable, List 3A. 21
2.4.3(a) SF coaxial ocean cable, List 1. 24
2.4.4(a) SG coaxial ocean cable, attenuation vs. frequency. 27
2.4.4(b) SG coaxial ocean cable, List 1. 28
2.4.4(b) SG coaxial ocean cable, Transition cable. 28
2.4.4(d) SG coaxial ocean cable, List 3. 29
2.4.5(a) 0.99 lightweight coaxial ocean cable, attenuation vs. 31

frequency.
2.4.6(a) 1.47 lightweight coaxial ocean cable, attenuation vs. 33

frequency ( @ 15.6o C ).
2.4.6(b) 1.47 lightweight coaxial ocean cable - deep sea type. 34
2.5.2(a) 0.057/0.180 caged armor coaxial ocean cable, attenuation 38

and characteristic impedance vs. frequency.
Page iv
Figures ( Continued ).
Page No.
2.5.2(b) 0.057/0.180 caged armor coaxial ocean cable - deep 39

sea type.
2.5.3(a) 0.128/0.460 caged armor coaxial ocean cable, attenuation 42

2.5.3(b) 0.128/0.460 caged armor coaxial ocean cable - deep 43

sea type.
2.6.2(a) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type SL. 46
2.6.2(b) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type SA. 46
2.6.2(c) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type RA. 47
2.6.3(a) OALC-7 optical fiber ocean cable, type SL. 50
2.6.3(a) OALC-7 optical fiber ocean cable, type SA. 50
3.2(a) Anchor, Mushroom, 1 cwt. 52
3.2(b) Anchor, Mushroom, 4 cwt. 52
3.3.1(a) Balloon buoys - Comparison of size of Balloon Buoys, rigged 54

with mast, radar reflector and light, at mean draft.
3.3.1(b) Balloon buoys - construction details. 55
3.3.1(c) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 56
3.3.1(d) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 57
3.3.1(e) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 58
3.3.1(f) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 59
3.3.1(g) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 60
3.3.2(a) DLM 6 foot diameter cable buoy. 61
3.3.2(b) DLM 9 foot diameter cable buoy. 61
3.3.3(a) Telemark modular cable buoys. 62
3.4(a) Buoy slip hook - Davey pattern. 63
3.5(a) Cutter, velocity power - General arrangement. 65

Page v
Page No.
3.6.1(a) Balloon floats, double nylon and rubber. 66
3.6.2(a) 10 inch dia. spherical glass float with hard hat. 67
3.6.3(a) Inflatable float - Nylon and polyurethane. 68
3.7.2(a) Batfish grapnel - General arrangement. 70
3.7.2(b) Batfish grapnel - Components. 71
3.7.3(a) 5-prong round bottom common grapnel - General arrangement. 72
3.7.3(b) 5-prong round bottom common grapnel - construction. 73
3.7.4(a) Flatfish grapnel - General arrangement. 74
3.7.4(b) Flatfish grapnel - Component details. 75
3.7.4(c) Flatfish grapnel - Component details. 76
3.7.5(a) Gifford grapnels, chain joining link pattern - General 77

arrangement.
3.7.5(b) Gifford grapnel, 30 ton, chain joining link pattern, - 78

Construction details .
3.7.6(a) Jamming grapnel ( SD List 1 ) - General arrangement. 79
3.7.6(b) Jamming grapnel ( SD List 1 ) - Hook construction details. 80
3.7.7(a) Rennies grapnel - 30 ton and 50 ton - General arrangement. 81
3.7.7(b) Rennies grapnel - 30 ton and 50 ton - Construction details. 82
3.7.8(a) Rouillard grapnel - General arrangement and construction 83

details.
3.7.9(a) Sliding prong grapnel - General arrangement. 84
3.7.9(b) Sliding prong grapnel - Construction details. 85
3.7.9(c) Sliding prong grapnel - Construction details. 86
3.8(a) Ground chain holding plate. 87

Page vi
Page No.
3.9(a) Standard grapnel and buoy rope assemblies with weights 91

for selected sizes.
3.9(b) Specialized grapnel and buoy rope assemblies - lengths to 92

suit cable ship layout used to demonstate rigging techniques.
3.9(c) Link-thimble form. 93
3.10(a) Standard double braided Nylon rope assemblies. 96
3.10(b) Specialized double braided Nylon rope assemblies. 97
3.10(c) Link-thimble - Double braided Nylon rope - Ocean Products. 98
3.11(a) Serving application tool. 99
3.12(a) Grapnel rope shackles. 100
3.13(a) Small Oldman sheave - Sherman & Reilly. 101
3.14.1(a) BTL stopper, 7/16 inch dia. wires. 103
3.14.1(b) BTL stopper, 5/16 inch dia. wires. 104
3.14.1(c) BTL stopper, 1/4 inch dia. wires. 105
3.14.2(a) Certified tapered chain stoppers. 108
3.14.3(a) Commercial tapered chain stoppers ( Tridente ). 109
3.14.4(a) Siemens stopper. 111
3.15(a) Alloy chain assemblies - Cable stoppers. 112
3.16.1(a) Miller swivel - Clevis/clevis. 114
3.16.2(a) Ball bearing swivel - Tridente. 115

Page vii
Tables.
Page No.
2.2.2(a) Quad Ocean Cable Construction. 3
2.2.2(b) Calculated Cable Data. 0.041"/0.130" Wet-core Quad-type 4

Armored Ocean Cable.
2.2.2(c) Calculated Cable Data. 0.057"/0.180" Wet-core Quad-type 6

Armored Ocean Cable.
2.3.2(a) Physical Data for SB Coaxial Ocean Cable. ( Deep Sea Cable, 9
Type H )
2.3.2(b) Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SB. 11
2.3.3(a) Physical Data for 0.128/0.420 Coaxial Ocean Cable. 14

( Deep Sea Cable )
2.3.3(b). Calculated Cable Data for 0.128/0.420 Coaxial Ocean Cable. 14

( Deep Sea Cable )
2.4.2(a). Physical Data for SD Coaxial Cable. ( Deep Sea Cable, List 1 ) 17
2.4.2(b). Physical Data for SD Coaxial Cable. ( Changes for Shore End 18
Cables )
2.4.2(c). Mechanical Data for SD Coaxial Cable. ( Deep Sea Cable, List 1 ) 18
2.4.2(d) Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SD. 19
2.4.3(a) Physical Data for SF Coaxial Ocean Cable. ( Deep Sea Cable, 22
List 1 )
2.4.3(b) Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SF. 23
2.4.4(a) Physical Data for SG Coaxial Ocean Cable. ( Deep Sea Cable, 25
List 1 )
2.4.4(b) Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SG. 26
2.4.5(a) Physical Data for 0.99 Coaxial Ocean Cable. ( Deep Sea 30
Cable )
2.5.6(a) Physical Data for 1.47 Coaxial Ocean Cable. ( Deep Sea 32
Cable )
2.4.6(b) Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type 1.47. 32

Page viii
Tables ( Continued ).
Page No.
2.5.2(a) Physical Data for 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean 35

Cable. ( Deep Sea Cable )
2.5.2(b) Physical Data for 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean 36

Cable. ( Shore end Cable )
2.5.2(c) Calculated Cable Data for 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial 36

Ocean Cable. ( Deep Sea Cable )
2.5.2(d) Calculated Cable Data for 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial 37

Ocean Cable. ( Shore End Cable )
2.5.3(a) Cable Data for 0.128/0.460 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable. 40
( Deep Sea Cable )
2.5.3(b) Calculated Cable Data for 0.128/0.460 Caged Armor Coaxial 41

Ocean Cable. ( Deep Sea cable )
2.5.3(c) Cable Data for 0.128/0.460 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable. 41
2.6.2(a) Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Simplex Wire and Cable. 45
Type SL21 - Repeatered. English Units.
2.6.2(a) Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Simplex Wire and Cable. 45
Type SL21 - Repeatered. Metric Units.
2.6.3(a) Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Alcatel - Type OALC-7 49
- Repeatered. English Units.
2.6.3(b) Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Alcatel - Type OALC-7 49
- Repeatered. Metric Units.
3.2(a) Weights of components of 1 cwt. and 4 cwt. Mushroom Anchors. 51
3.3.1(a) Balloon Buoys - General Data. 53
3.3.3(a) Telemark Cable Buoys. 62
3.9(a) Grapnel Rope Use and Construction. 88
3.9(b) Jute Strand Cores. 89
3.9(c) Length of lays. 89
3.9(d) Minimum Breaking Strength of the Ropes and the Proof Loads 90
for the Link-Thimbles.
3.10(a) Characteristics of Selected Double Braided Nylon Rope. 95

Page ix
Tables ( Continued ).
Page No.
3.14.2(a) Construction of 3/4 inch Certified Tapered Chain Stopper. 106
3.14.2(b) Construction of 7/8 inch Certified Tapered Chain Stopper. 106
3.14.2(c) Material and Inspection of Certified Tapered Chain Stoppers. 107
3.16.1(a). Dimensions, Weights and Loads for Miller Swivel, Clevis/ 113
Clevis Type.
Page x
Sources of Material Used.
The following are the identifiable sources from which the material used in this volume has
been derived.
Chapters, Sections.
Simplex Wire and Cable Company brochures. 2.2.2, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.4.2,
2.5.2, 2.5.3, 2.6.2, 2.5.2,
2.5.3
Simplex Undersea Cable: SL LIGHTWEIGHT COMMUNICATION 2.6.2

CABLE. ( www.simplextech.com )
Bell System Technical Journal, January 1957. 2.3.2
Bell System Technical Journal, July 1964. 2.4.2
Bell System Technical Journal, May-June 1970. 2.4.3
Bell System Technical Journal, September 1978. 2.4.4
S.T.C. * 2.4.5, 2.4.6
United States Steel. 2.5.2
Tyco Undersea Sub-Systems brochure. 2.6.2
Alcatel, OALC-7 Type 50 and Type 51 Submarine Cables, 2.6.3

April 2001.
Alcatel brochures. 2.6.3
BALDT. 3.2
WECo * 3.3.1, 3.14.1, 3.15
DLM. 3.3.2
Trellebork. 3.3.3
MSF ( Mine Safety Appliance ). 3.5
Benthos. 3.6.2
Tridente. 3.6.3, 3.14.3, 3.16.2
Samson. 3.10
Page xi
Sources of Material Used ( Continued ).
Chapters, Sections.
Ocean Products. 3.10
Sherman & Reilly. 3.13
U.S.Navy * 3.14.2
Miller Products Inc. 3.16.1
Note: * - Believed to be source of information but no positive identification on documentation.

Page xii
Page 1
1. Introduction.
This volume is basically an appendix to the Handbook. The information in it on ocean cables
and cable handling equipment is intended to provide some additional background in these
areas. It is intended for amendment as additional information becomes available.
Page 2
2. Ocean Cable Data.
2.1 General.
The following data for ocean cables is intended to provide some additional information on the
characteristics of cables that have been used in a range of systems since the 1950s to the
present. The older cables provide a historical background to cable development while the new
cables show the trends in cable development and some options available for various types of
systems.
Unfortunately the availability of comprehensive data for ocean cables varies significantly
with data for optical fiber cables being limited, partially due to the continuing development
in this area. Data on cable twist, cable elongation and cable bending stiffness, except in a very
few cases, is unavailable. If comprehensive data on a given ocean cable is needed, it is
necessary to contact the manufacturer, or manufacturers, of that cable.
2.2 Multiconductor Ocean Cables.
2.2.1 Pair Multiconductor Ocean Cables.
No data is available on ocean cables using pairs of conductors. Normally they were used for
single sensors and the cable only had one pair. The construction is similar to the quad
multiconductor ocean cables.
2.2.2 Quad Multiconductor Ocean Cables.
The quad multiconductor ocean cable has been used for a number of different types of
systems, including ranges and research arrays. Cables have been made from one quad up to 48
quads. The standard design is wet core, that is water permeates the core of the cable.
Two common types of quad cable have been used, the 0.041/0.130 and the 0.057/0.180,
these being the diameters of the conductor and insulation. Number of quads in a cable can
vary from 1 to 48. Table 2.2.2(a) gives the construction details of a quad, table 2.2.2(b) the
physical characteristics of the 0.041/0.130 cable, and table 2.2.2(c) the physical
characteristics of the 0.057/0.180 cable. Figure 2.2.2(a) gives the transmission
characteristics of the 0.041/0.130 cable and figure 2.2.2(b) the transmission
characteristics of the 0.057/0.180 cable. Figure 2.2.2(c) shows a cross section of a 4 quad
0.057/0.180 cable.
Page 3
Table 2.2.2(a)
Quad Ocean Cable Construction.
___________________________________________________________________________
Conductor: One solid soft copper wire of high quality and purity, not tinned.
Insulation: Natural, high-molecular-weight, low density, polyethylene extruded

over the conductor.
Quad: Four insulated conductors twisted together around a center filler with a
left-hand lay. Each outer interstice is filled with fibrous rovings to
form a smooth, round configuration. Individual conductors are
identified by distinctive means . The filler material consists of uniform
synthetic or natural fibers or a mixture of both. Natural fibers are
treated with a chemical emulsion to resist micro-biological attack.
One binder tape is spirally applied with an overlap.
Cabled Quads: One or more quads cabled together with fibrous rovings in each outer
interstice to provide a smooth, round configuration. The four insulated
conductors of each quad may be twisted with a different lay to minimize
interquad crosstalk.
Armor Bedding: One or two polyolefin tapes or one or more serves of bedding yarns, or a
combination of both to provide a suitable armor bedding.
Armor for Deep A sheathing of galvanized extra-high tensile steel wires, closely
Sea Cable: applied with a left-hand lay. Each wire is covered with cotton yarn and
saturated with an ashphaltic compound.
Armor for Shore A sheathing of galvanized mild tensile steel wires, closely applied with
End Cables: a left-hand lay. Each wire is coated with a preservative compound.
Outer Covering: One or two serves of jute-nylon or polyolefin yarns, applied over the
sheathing of armor. Ashphaltic preservative is "slushed" under,
between and over the outer serve.
Armor types used D - 0.086 Deep sea

H - 0.112 Deep sea
A - 0.300 Shore
AA - 2 x 0.300 Heavy shore
AD - 0.086 + 0.300 Special
B - 0.203 Shore
AB - 0.300 + 0.203 Heavy shore
BB - 2 x 0.203 Heavy shore
BD - 0.086 + 0.203 Special
BJB - 2 x 0.203 Shielded
BJD - 0.086 + 0.203 Shielded
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 4
Table 2.2.2(b)
Calculated Cable Data.

0.041"/0.130" Wet-core Quad-type Armored Ocean Cable.
Wire (AWG) Size No. 18

Wire Diameter 0.041"
Insulation Diameter 0.130"
Diameter of Single Quad 0.342"
D.C. Resistance of Conductor 6.2 ohms/1000 feet @ 20 C.
A.C. Capacitance of Quad Pair 0.017 uf/1000 feet
Voltage Test (Conductor to Ground) 14 KVDC (Final Test)
Maximum Working Voltage 600 VAC
Deep Sea Armor Shore Armor
No. of Cable Weight Weight Breaking Cable Weight Weight Breaking

Quads O.D. Air Water strength O.D. Air Water strength
inch lbs/ft lbs/ft lbf inch lbs/ft lbs/ft lbf
1 1.13 0.637 0.409 23,400 1.62 2.79 2.17 35,300
2 1.45 0.974 0.599 33,200 1.94 3.72 2.85 45,900
3 1.50 1.06 0.638 34,400 1.99 4.03 3.08 49.500
4 1.59 1.20 0.719 38,100 2.09 4.37 3.32 53,000
5 1.69 1.34 0.781 40,600 2.18 4.71 3.56 56,500
7 1.79 1.51 0.876 44.300 2.28 5.07 3.81 60,100
8 1.89 1.66 0.936 46,700 2.39 5.43 4.04 63,600
12 2.18 2.13 1.17 56,600 2.68 6.24 4.55 70,700
14 2.27 2.31 1.25 59,000 2.77 6.63 4.81 74,200
16 2.37 2.49 1.33 61,500 2.86 7.03 5.06 77,800
19 2.47 2.73 1.45 56,200 2.97 7.45 5.34 81,300
21 2.58 2.95 1.55 68,900 3.07 7.86 5.59 84,800
27 2.95 4.13 2.29 106,000 3.41 9.09 6.35 95,400
30 3.04 4.40 2.41 110,000 3.49 9.53 6.62 99,000
33 3.14 4.67 2.54 115,000 3.60 9.99 6.89 102,000
37 3.24 4.97 2.68 119,000 3.70 10.50 7.18 106,000
40 3.35 5.26 2.81 123,000 3.80 10.90 7.45 110,000
48 3.69 6.11 3.19 137,000 4.14 12.30 8.33 120,000

Page 5
Fig. 2.2.2(a) Transmission characteristics of 0.041/0.130 wet-core

Page 6
Table 2.2.2(c)
Calculated Cable Data.

0.057"/0.180" Wet-core Quad-type Armored Ocean Cable.
Wire (AWG) Size No. 15

Wire Diameter 0.057"
Insulation Diameter 0.180"
Diameter of Single Quad 0.451"
D.C. Resistance of Conductor 3.2 ohms/1000 feet @ 20 C.
A.C. Capacitance of Quad Pair 0.017 uf/1000 feet
Voltage Test (Conductor to Ground) 20 KVDC (Final Test)
Maximum Working Voltage 600 VAC
Deep Sea Armor Shore Armor
No. of Cable Weight Weight Breaking Cable Weight Weight Breaking

Quads O.D. Air Water strength O.D. Air Water strength
inch lbs/ft lbs/ft lbf inch lbs/ft lbs/ft lbf
1 1.21 0.754 0.424 25,800 1.73 3.14 2.42 38,900
2 1.66 1.31 0.679 39,400 2.18 4.48 3.34 53,000
3 1.73 1.50 0.755 41,800 2.25 4.87 3.60 56,500
4 1.84 1.71 0.849 45,500 2.37 5.27 3.85 60,100
5 1.97 1.96 0.949 49,200 2.50 5.97 4.33 67,200
7 2.11 2.26 1.09 54,100 2.63 6.43 4.62 70,700
8 2.25 2.51 1.19 57,800 2.77 6.88 4.88 74,200
12 2.66 3.81 1.92 94,100 3.15 8.51 5.92 88,400
14 2.78 4.15 2.06 98,200 3.27 9.03 6.21 91,900
16 2.91 4.58 2.24 104,000 3.40 9.60 6.52 95,400
19 3.02 4.92 2.41 108,000 3.51 10.10 6.84 99,000
21 3.16 5.25 2.58 115,000 3.65 10.90 7.35 106,000
27 3.61 6.67 3.12 133,000 4.10 12.90 8.48 120,000
30 3.73 7.13 3.33 139,000 4.22 13.60 8.81 124,000
33 3.86 7.64 3.51 143,000 4.35 14.20 9.16 127,000
37 3.97 8.11 3.72 147,000 4.46 14.90 9.52 131,000
40 4.14 9.38 4.53 193,000 4.60 15.80 10.10 138,000
48 4.59 10.90 5.13 210,000 5.05 18.10 11.30 152,000

Page 7
Fig. 2.2.2(b) Transmission characteristics of 0.057/0.180 wet-core

Page 8
Approx. dia.
inch
Conductor 0.057
Insulation - 0.180
polyethylene
Fillers - cellulose
acetate
Binder tape
Single quad 0.451
Fillers - cellulose
acetate
2 polyolefin
tapes
1 serving of jute
& 1 of twine
30 armor wires 1.76
0.122 dia. cotton covered
2 servings of 1.84
17/3 jute
Fig. 2.2.2(c) Cross section of 0.057/0.180, 4 quad deep sea armor wet-core
ocean cable ( H armor wires ).
Page 9
2.3 Armored Coaxial Ocean Cables.
2.3.1 General.
Armored coaxial ocean cables were widely used for communications systems until the advent
of armorless coaxial ocean cables. They also found use in surveillance systems, ranges,
research systems, etc. This type of ocean cable is not normally manufactured anymore.
The following data covers the main coaxial ocean cables that have been used.
2.3.2 Type SB ( 0.160/0.620 ) Coaxial Ocean Cable.
The SB ocean cable was one of the first long haul repeatered coaxial ocean cables. Data for the
various types of SB cables are given in tables 2.3.3(a) and 2.3.3(b). The attenuation and
characteristic impedance versus frequency are given in figure 2.3.3(a) and the cross sections
for the deep sea cable, type H, and the heavy single armored shore end cable, type A, are
shown in figures 2.3.3(b) and 2.3.3(c) respectively. The large number of armor types is
typical of ocean cables of this era. The L type cables are shielded against electromagnetic
interference.
Table 2.3.2(a)
Physical Data for SB Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable, Type H )
___________________________________________________________________________
Central Conductor Original construction
Center wire soft copper 0.1318 0.0002 in. OD.
Surround tapes 3 x soft copper 0.148 in x 0.0145 in.

2.5 in. left hand lay,
Total OD 0.l600 0.0005 in.
Later construction
One 0.160" diameter solid, soft copper conductor of high quality and
purity, not tinned.
Insulation Original construction

Solid, high molecular weight polyethylene ( grade 0.3 ) with 5% butyl
rubber for improved resistance to cracking.
OD 0.620 0.003 in.
Later construction
High quality and purity, high molecular weight polyethylene compound
extruded to 0.620" diameter.
Return Tapes 6 x soft copper tapes, 0.320 in. wide x 0.016 in. thick, 11.75 in left
hand lay.
OD 0.650 in.
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 10
Table 2.3.2(a) ( Continued)
Physical Data for SB Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable, Type H )
___________________________________________________________________________
'Teredo' Tape 1 x soft copper tap,- 1.75 in. wide x 0.003 in. thick, 9/32 in overlap
left hand lay.
OD 0.660 in.
Binder Tape 1 x coated cotton tape, 1.375 in. wide x 0.015 in. thick, 3/32 in gap
right hand lay
OD 0.70 in.
Armor Bedding One serve of 75 lb. treated jute roving. The diameter over the jute is
approximately 0.85 in.
Binder String One cotton binder string.
Armor Wires 24 tar-impregnated cotton knit covered 0.086in. galvanized extra-high-

strength steel wires. Diameter over the armor wires approximately
1.03 in.
Outer Covering Two serves of treated 17/3 plied jute yarn with a flooding of tar
preservative compound under, between, and over each serve. The
diameter over the finished cable is approximately 1.25in.
Resistance Central 2.514 to 2.573 ohms/n. mile at 75 F

Conductor ( DC )
Insulation Resist- Minimum 100000 Megohms - n. miles at 75 F ( 500 Volts for 1 minute)
ance Core ( DC ) 500000 Megohms - n. miles normal lower limit.
High Voltage Test 90000 Volts for 1 minute.

(DC)
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 11
Table 2.3.2(b)
Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SB.
Armor Weight in Weight in Breaking Coiling Hydro-

Type Diameter no.-dia. air water strength volume dynamic
inch inch lbs./ft. lbs./ft. lbf. cub. ft./ constant
n. mile. Deg. Knots
D 1.25 24-0.086 1.3 0.62 27,000 72.0 47.9
H 1.25 24 - 0.086 1.3 0.62 32,000 72.0 47.9
C 1.43 18 - 0.165 2.2 1.4 44,000 93.0 67.2
B 1.43 18 - 0.165 2.1 1.4 23,000 100.0 67.2
BB 2.15 18 - 0.165 5.44 3.7 48,000 230.0 89.1

21 - 0.232
A 1.83 12 - 0.300 4.1 2.8 51,000 167.4 84.1
J 1.83 12 - 0.203 2.8 1.6 23,000 167.4 63.5
AA 2.75 12 - 0.300 9.9 7.0 130,000 356.4 108

19 - 0.300
JJ 2.67 12 - 0.203 6.4 3.8 60,000 356.4 81.1
19 - 0.203
LA 2.28 16 - 0.300 7.5 5.3 69,000 261.6 104
PJ 2.20 15 - 0.203 3.8 2.1 29,000 242.0 66.4
LPJ 2.40 17 - 0.203 5.8 3.7 33,000 288 84.4
LAA 3.10 16 - 0.300 14.5 10.9 173,000 483.6 127

24 - 0.300
PJJ 3.00 15 - 0.203 8,2 4.8 74,000 450.0 86.0
23 - 0.203
LPJJ 3.20 17 - 0.203 10.3 6.7 82,000 512.0 98.3
25 - 0.203
CD for hydrodynamic constant taken as 3.0.

Page 12
8
Characteristic
Attenuation
impedance
( dB/nm )
( ohms )
6
60
4 58
! (dB/nm)
@ 37o F
56
Z0 ohms
2 54
52
10 100 1000 10000
Frequency kHz
Fig. 2.3.2(a) SB coaxial ocean cable attenuation and

characteristic impedance vs. frequency.
Page 13
Approximate
diameter inch
Center wire 0.130
3 surround tapes 0.160
Polyethylene 0.620
6 return tapes 0.650
Teredo tape 0.670
Binding tape 0.70
Serving of 75lb 0.80

jute & 1 of twine
24 armor wires 1.04
0.086 in dia cotton covered
2 servings of 1.25
17/3 jute
Fig. 2.3.2(b) SB coaxial ocean cable, type H
Approximate
diameter inch
2 servings of jute 1.10
& 1 of twine
12 armor wires 1.57
0.300 in dia
2 servings of 1.83
28/3 jute
Fig. 2.3.2(b) SB coaxial ocean cable, type A

Page 14
2.3.3 0.128/0.420 Coaxial Ocean Cable.
This is a smaller coaxial cable that was used for smaller communications systems and ranges.
The data for the deep sea cable is given in tables 2.3.3(a) and 2.3.3(b). For shore ends and
unusual bottom conditions, heavier armoring was used similar to the SB ocean cable. Figure
2.3.3(a) gives the attenuation and characteristic impedance versus frequency for the cable.
The cross section is of the same form as for SB ocean cable ( see fig 2.3.2(b) ).
Table 2.3.3(a)
Physical Data for 0.128/0.420 Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Central Conductor: One 0.12in. diameter solid. uncoated, soft copper wire of high quality
and purity, not tinned.
Insulation: High-quality and purity polyethylene extruded to a diameter of

0.460 in.
Return Circuit: Six 0.015 in. thick x 0.238 in. wide uncoated, soft copper tapes of high
quality and purity, not tinned, spirally applied. The diameter over the
tapes is approximately 0.49 in.
Shielding: One 1 1/4 in. wide x 0.004 in. thick, uncoated. soft copper tape of high
quality and purity. Diameter over the tape is approximately 0.50 in.
Binder Tape: One 1 1/4 in. wide x 0.015 in. thick coated cotton tape. The diameter
over the tape is approximately 0.53 in.
Armor Bedding: One serve of 60 lb. treated jute roving. The diameter over the jute is
Armor Wires: Twenty-four 0.086 in. diameter galvanized extra-high-strength-steel

wires, each coated with a tar preservative. The diameter over the wires
is approximately 0.80 in.
Outer Covering: Two serves of treated 17/3 plied jute yarn with a flooding of tar
preservative compound under, between and over each serve. The
diameter over the finished cable is approximately 1.04 in.
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 15
Table 2.3.3(b).
Calculated Cable Data for 0.128/0.420 Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Over-all Diameter. 1.04 in.
Weight in Air 5,320 lbs./n. mile
Weight in Sea Water. 3,490 lbs./n. mile
Minimum Breaking 30,000 lbs.

Strength
Cable Modulus 8.6 n. mile (Breaking Strength/1 n. mile Weight in Sea Water. )
Specific Gravity 3.06
Hydrodynamic 50.5
constant:
___________________________________________________________________________

Page 16
Attenuation Characteristic
( dB/nm ) impedance
(ohms)
5 60
! ( dB/nm )
@ 68o F
4 58
3 56
2 54
1 52
Z0 ( ohms )
10 100 1000
Frequency kHz
Fig. 2.3.3(a) 0.128/0.460 coaxial ocean cable, attenuation and

characteristic impedance vs. frequency
Page 17
2.4 Armorless Coaxial Ocean Cables.
2.4.1 General.
Armorless coaxial ocean cables were developed to allow wider signal bandwidth not possible
with the externally armored coaxial ocean cables. This type of ocean cable is not normally
manufactured anymore, but some are still in service, for systems such as ranges, surveillance
systems and research systems.
2.4.2 Type SD Coaxial Ocean Cable.
SD coaxial ocean cable was one of the first generation armorless coaxial ocean cables. The data
for the cables is given in tables 2.4.2(a), 2.3.2(b), 2.4.2(c) and 2.4.2(d). The attenuation and
characteristic impedance versus frequency is given in figure 2.4.2(a). The cross sections of
the deep sea cable, List 1, and the single armored shore end cable, List 3A, are shown in
figure 2.4.2(b) and 2.4.2(c) respectively.
Table 2.4.2(a).
Physical Data for SD Coaxial Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable, List 1 )
___________________________________________________________________________
Strength Member: 41-strand, extra-high-strength steel wire (300,000 psi.)
Central Conductor OD 0.330 0.001 in.

Conductivity - 99.1 0.3% IACS
Dielectric Solid, low density, high molecular weight polyethylene

Dielectric Constant - 2.282 0.005
Dissipation Factor - 0 .00012 0.00002
OD - 1.000 0.001 in.
Outer Conductor 1 x soft copper tape, longitudinally laid, 0.25 in. overlap
Thickness - 0.010 0.0002 in.
Conductivity- 100.6 0.3% IACS
Jacket Solid, high density polyethylene with carbon black coloring

OD - 1.250 in.
Resistance Central Conductor - 1.76 ohms/n. mile average value over 100
consecutive sections at 10oC )
Outer Conductor - 1.3754 ohms/n. mile ( average value over 100
consecutive sections at 10oC )
Insulation Resistance Dielectric - 100000 megohm-miles minimum

Jacket - 15000 megohm-miles minimum
High Voltage Test 35000 VDC between inner and outer conductors
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 18
Table 2.4.2(b).
Physical Data for SD Coaxial Cable.
( Changes for Shore End Cables )
___________________________________________________________________________
Center Conductor: 0.330 in. diameter solid, soft-copper wire of high purity.
Armor: Armor protection is applied over the outer jacket. This armor covering
may consist of either one or two layers of tar-coated #1 BWG (.300 in.)
galvanized, mild-steel (60,000 psi.) wires, applied over a layer of
treated jute and covered with two layers of 3-ply treated jute flooded
with an asphalt compound.
Shielding: Whenever interference from external noise can be a problem, the cable
is electromagnetically shielded by applying over the deep sea cable
jacket three layers of high permeability iron tapes. The first is of
tinned steel, corrugated, longitudinally applied, with the overlap
soldered. The outer two are of bright steel, spirally applied in reverse,
and bound tightly with two intercalated semiconducting nylon tapes.
These shielding tapes are protected from sea water by a second black,
high-density polyethylene jacket, which , in turn supports the external
armor sheathing(s).
___________________________________________________________________________
Table 2.4.2(c).
Mechanical Data for SD Coaxial Cable.
___________________________________________________________________________
Overall Diameter 1.25"
Weight in Air 5,200 lbs./n. mile
Weight in Sea Water 1,900 lbs./n. mile

Strength.
Cable Modulus .4 n. mile
Specific Gravity .57
Direct-Current Center Conductor - 1.75 ohms per n. mile

Resistances at 50oF : Outer Conductor - 1.37 ohms per n. mile
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 19
Table 2.4.2(d)
Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SD.

n. mile. Deg. Knots
List 1 1.25 Center 0.86 0.32 18,000 72.0 34.4
List 2 1.25 None 0.91 0.35 - 72.0 -
List 2 1.75 None 1.36 0.57 - 112.0 -

shielded
List 3A 2.2 16 - 0.300 5.26 3.54 57,000 242.0 86.2
List 4A 2.68 20 -0.300 7.26 5.26 71,000 359.0 95.2
List 5A 3.52 20 - 0.300 14.70 11.42 173,000 616.0 122

29 - 0.300
List 6A 3.04 16 - 0.300 11.75 9.05 141,000 255.0 117

24 - 0.300

Page 20
8 50
Characteristic
Attenuation impedance
(dB/nm ) (ohms)
6 48
! ( dB/nm )
@ 50o F
4 46
Z0 ( ohms )
2 44
10 100 1000 10000
Frequency kHz
Fig. 2.4.2(a) SD coaxial ocean cable, attenuation and

characteristic impedance vs. frequency.
Page 21
Diameter
inch
Strength member 0.290

41 wires
Inner conductor 0.330

copper tube
Polyethylene 1.000
Outer conductor 1.020

copper
Sheath 1.250
polyethylene black
Fig. 2.4.2(b) SD coaxial ocean cable, List 1.
Diameter
inch

solid copper
Polyethylene 1.000

copper
Sheath 1.250
polyethylene black
1 serving of jute
& 1 of twine
16 armor wires
0.300 in dia
2 servings of 2.20
28/3 jute
Fig. 2.4.2(c) SD coaxial ocean cable, List 3A.

Page 22
2.4.3 SF Coaxial Ocean Cable.
SF coaxial ocean cable was a development of the SD cable to further increase the signal
bandwidth. Data for SF ocean cable is given in tables 2.4.3(a) and 2.4.3(b). The cross section of
the deep sea cable, List 1, is shown in figure 2.4.3(a). No attenuation data was available.
Table 2.4.3(a)
Physical Data for SF Coaxial Ocean Cable.
___________________________________________________________________________
Central Conductor OD - 0.330 0.001 in.

Dielectric constant - 2.285+0.0002-0.0003
Dissipation factor - 61 5 microradians @ 1 MHz
- 79 5 microradians @ 6 MHz @ 23o C
OD - 1.500 0.001 in.
Outer conductor 1 x soft copper tape, longitudinally laid, 0.25 in. overlap
Thickness - 0.010 0.0002 in.
Jacket Solid high density polyethylene

OD - 1.75 0.03 in.
Resistance Central conductor - 0.931 ohms/n. mile @ 10o C

Outer conductor - 0.836 ohms/n. mile @ 10o C
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 23
Table 2.4.3(b)
Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SF.

n. mile. Deg. Knots
List 1 1.75 Center 1.39 0.32 18,500 144.0 29.1
List 2 1.25 None 0.75 0.2 - 72.0 -
List 3A 2.2 16 - 0.300 5.10 3.38 57,000 242.0 84.2
List 4A 2.68 20 - 0.300 7.10 5.10 71,000 359.0 93.7
List 5A 3.52 20 - 0.300 14.54 11.26 173,000 616.0 138

29 - 0.300
List 6A 3.04 16 - 0.300 11.59 8.89 141,000 450.0 116
24 - 0.300

Page 24
Diameter
inch

41 wires

copper tube
Polyethylene 1.500

copper
Sheath 1.75
polyethylene black
Fig. 2.4.3(a) SF coaxial ocean cable, List 1.

Page 25
2.4.4 SG Coaxial Ocean Cable.
SG coaxial ocean cable was a further development of the SD/SF cables to increase signal
bandwidth, and represents the maximum size for coaxial communications cables. Data for the
SG ocean cable is given in tables 2.4.4(a) and 2.4.4(b). The attenuation versus frequency is
given in figure 2.4.4(a). The cross-sections of the deep water cable, List 1, the transition
cable, and the single armored shore end cable, List 3, are shown in figures 2.4.4(b), 2.4.4(c)
and 2.4.4(d), respectively. The transition cable was required due to use of shore end cable
into deeper waters and the strength of the deep sea cable not being sufficient to support the
shore end cable at these depths during repair operations.
Table 2.4.4(a)
Physical Data for SG Coaxial Ocean Cable.
___________________________________________________________________________
Central Conductor OD - 0.478 0.001 in.
Conductivity- 99.5% IACS

Dielectric constant - 2.28
Dissipation factor - 47 6 microradians @ 23o C
OD - 1.700 0.003 in.
Outer conductor 1 x soft copper tape, longitudinally laid, 0.25 in. overlap
Thickness - 0.010 0.0005 in.
Conductivity- 100.8% IACS
Jacket Solid high density polyethylene

OD - 2.07 0.03 in.
Resistance Central conductor - 0.931 ohms/n. mile @ 10o C

Outer conductor - 0.836 ohms/n. mile @ 10o C
High Voltage Test 200 kV DC for 1 minute

___________________________________________________________________________
Page 26
Table 2.4.4(b)
Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type SG.

n. mile. Deg. Knots
List 1 2.070 Center 2.07 0.58 37,000 181.0 36.0
Trans. 3.17 48 - 0.078 5.71 2.17 78,400 424.0 56.2

48 - 0.078
List 3 3.05 25 - 0.291 8.84 5.53 164,000 393.0 91.5
List 4* 2.68 20 - 0.300 7.18 5.18 71,000 359 94.5
List 5* 3.52 25 - 0.300 14.62 11.34 173,000 616.0 122

29 - 0.300
List 5 3.80 25 - 0.291 17.24 12.08 363,000 726 121

33 - 0.291
List 6* 3.04 16 - 0.300 11.67 8.97 141,000 450 117
24 - 0.300

Page 27
Attenuation
(dB/nm )
0.1 1 10 100
Frequency MHz
Fig. 2.4.4(a) SG coaxial ocean cable, attenuation vs. frequency.

Page 28
Diameter
inch

41 wires

copper tube
Polyethylene 1.700

copper
Sheath 2.070
polyethylene black
Fig. 2.4.4(b) SG coaxial ocean cable, List 1.
Diameter
inch
Armorless cable 2.070
Armor bedding
75 lb jute
48 armor wires
PVC coated 0.085 in dia
42 in LH lay
2 servings of 3 ply
17 lb jute
48 armor wires
PVC coated 0.078 in dia
54 in RH lay
2 servings of 3.17
3 ply 28 lb jute
Fig. 2.4.4(b) SG coaxial ocean cable, Transition cable.

Page 29
Diameter
inch
Armorless cable 2.070
Armor bedding
75 lb jute
25 armor wires
0.291 in dia
36.5 in LH lay
2 servings of 3.05
3 ply 28 lb jute
Fig. 2.4.4(d) SG coaxial ocean cable, List 3.

Page 30
2.4.5 0.99 Lightweight Coaxial Ocean Cable.
The 0.99 lightweight coaxial ocean cable was one of the first generation armorless coaxial
ocean cables. The limited data for this ocean cable is given in table 2.4.5(a). The attenuation
versus frequency is given in figure 2.4.5(a). No cross section was available.
Table 2.4.5(a)
Physical Data for 0.99 Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Strength member: ? strand, extra-high-strength steel wires
Central conductor: Copper tube
Dielectric: Polyethylene
0.990 in. dia.
Outer conductor Aluminum tape
Sheath Polyethylene
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 31
Attenuation
(dB/nm )
10 100 1000 10000
Frequency kHz
Fig. 2.4.5(a) 0.99 lightweight coaxial ocean cable,

attenuation vs. frequency.
Page 32
2.4.6 1.47 Lightweight Coaxial Ocean Cable.
The 1.47 lightweight coaxial ocean cable was a development of the 0.99 lightweight cable to
further increase the signal bandwidth. The data for this ocean cable is given in tables 2.4.6(a)
and 2.4.6(b). The attenuation versus frequency is given in figure 2.4.6(a). The cross section of
the deep sea cable is shown in figure 2.4.6(b).
Table 2.5.6(a)
Physical Data for 1.47 Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Strength member: 43 strand, extra-high-strength steel wires
Central conductor: Copper tube
Dielectric: Polyethylene
1.470 in. dia.
Outer conductor Aluminum tape
Sheath Polyethylene
___________________________________________________________________________
Table 2.4.6(b)
Cable Data Coaxial Ocean Cable - Type 1.47.

n. mile. Deg. Knots
LW 1.75 Center 1.33 0.30 21,230 140.0 28.1
A 21 - 0.300 71,760 -
105,400
F 29 - 0.208 94,200 -
114,300
AB 27 - 0.300 152,200 -
32 - 0.193 188,400
E 2.4 ?? - 0.276 91,950 289

Page 33
Attenuation
(dB/nm )
14
12
10
0.1 1 10 100
Frequency MHz
Fig. 2.4.6(a) 1.47 lightweight coaxial ocean cable,

attenuation vs. frequency ( @ 15.6o C ).
Page 34
Approximate
diameter inch
Strength member
43 wires

copper
Polyethylene 1.470
Outer conductor
aluminum
Sheath 1.75
polyethylene
Fig. 2.4.6(b) 1.47 lightweight coaxial ocean cable - deep sea type.
Page 35
2.5 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cables.
2.5.1 General.
Caged armor coaxial ocean cables are a development of the traditional armored cables,
replacing the armor wires and their servings with armor wires on a plastic bedding and
covered with a plastic sheath, resulting in a lighter deep sea cable. This type of ocean cable is
still manufactured and used in systems such as ranges, small surveillance systems and
research systems. The ease of working, terminating and splicing this type of ocean cable
makes it attractive for smaller systems.
2.5.2 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable.
The 0.057/0.180 caged armor coaxial ocean cable is a small coaxial cable suitable for
installations such as ranges, and research systems where data transmission is limited. There
were several suppliers of this small type of coaxial cable, United States Steel had a
0.0641/0.202 size. Data for this ocean cable is given in tables 2.5.2(a), 2.5.2(b), 2.5.2(c)
and 2.5.2(d). The attenuation and characteristic impedance versus frequency is given in figure
2.5.2(a). The cross section of the deep sea cable is shown in figure 2.5.2(b).
Table 2.5.2(a)
Physical Data for 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Central Conductor: One 0.057 in. diameter solid soft copper conductor of high quality and
purity, not tinned.
Insulation: High quality and purity polyethylene extruded to a diameter of 0.180

in.
Return Circuit: Three 0.016 in. thick x 0.196 in. wide uncoated soft copper tapes of
high quality and purity, spirally applied. The diameter over the tape is
Shielding: One 0.003 in. thick x 3/4 in. wide, uncoated, soft copper tape of high
quality and purity, applied with overlap. Diameter over the tape is
approximately 0.22in.
Belt: High quality and purity polyethylene extruded to a 0.380 in. diameter.
Caged Armor Wires: Twelve 0.043 in. diameter extra-high strength galvanized steel armor
wires, evenly spaced around the cable.
Outer Jacket: Black high-density polyethylene applied concurrently with the

armoring operation to surround and cover the armor wires completely to
a diameter of approximately 0.66 in.
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 36
Table 2.5.2(b)
Physical Data for 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Shore end Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Armor for Shore Twenty-five 0.086 in. diameter galvanized extra-high strength steel
Cable: wires applied over deep-sea cable. Each wire is coated with
preservative tar compound. The diameter over the armor wires is
Outer Covering: Two servings of 17/3 jute-nylon yarn with a flooding of tar preservative
compound between and over each serve. The overall diameter is
___________________________________________________________________________
Table 2.5.2(c)
Calculated Cable Data for 0.057/0.180 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Overall Diameter: 0.66 in.
Weight in Air: 1,480 lbs./n. mile
Weight in Sea Water: 550 lbs./n. mile

Strength:
Cable Modulus: 7.2 n. mile (Breaking strength/1 n. mile weight in sea water)

Relative to Sea Water:
Hydrodynamic 79.8
constant:
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 37
Table 2.5.2(d)
( Shore End Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Overall Diameter: 1.07" in.
Weight in Air: 5,170 lbs./n. mile
Weight in Sea Water: 3,370 lbs./n. mile
Minimum Breaking 4,000 lbs. (Caged Armor Only)

Strength:
Cable Modulus: 1.25 n. mile (Breaking strength/1 n. mile weight in seawater)

Hydrodynamic 48.7
constant:
___________________________________________________________________________

Page 38
14 74
72
12 70
Attenuation 68
( dB/nm ) ! ( dB/nm ) Characteristic
10 66 impedance
( ohms )
64
8 62
60
6 58
56
4 54
52
2 50
Z0 ( ohms )
48
46
1 10 100 1000
Frequency kHz
Fig. 2.5.2(a) 0.057/0.180 caged armor coaxial ocean cable, attenuation

Page 39
Diameter
inch
Central conductor 0.057

copper
Polyethylene 0.180
Return conductor 0.21

3 copper tapes
Shielding 0.22
copper tape
Belt 0.380
polyethylene
12 armor wires
0.043 in dia
Jacket 0.66
polyethylene black
Fig. 2.5.2(b) 0.057/0.180 caged armor coaxial ocean cable

- deep sea type.
Page 40
2.5.3 0.128/0.460 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable.
The 0.128/0.460 caged armor coaxial ocean cable is a coaxial cable suitable for installations
such as ranges, small surveillance systems and research systems. Data for this ocean cable is
given in tables 2.5.3(a). For shore ends and unusual bottom conditions, shore end type
armoring can be applied over the deep sea cable.
Table 2.5.3(a)
Cable Data for 0.128/0.460 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable.
( Deep Sea Cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Central Conductor: One 0.128 in. diameter solid soft copper conductor of high quality and
purity, not tinned.
Insulation: High quality and purity polyethylene extruded to a diameter of 0.460

in.
Return Circuit: Six 0.012 in. thick x 0.238 in. wide uncoated soft copper tapes of high
quality and purity, spirally applied. The diameter over the tape is
Shielding: One 0.004 in. thick x 1 1/4 in. wide, uncoated, soft copper tape of high
quality and purity, applied with overlap. Diameter over the tape is
Belt: High quality and purity polyethylene extruded to a 0.63 in. diameter.
Caged Armor Wires: Twelve 0.061 in. diameter extra-high strength galvanized steel armor
wires, evenly spaced around the cable.
Outer Jacket: Black high-density polyethylene applied concurrently with the

armoring operation to surround and cover the armor wires completely to
a diameter of approximately 0.92 in.
___________________________________________________________________________
Page 41
Table 2.5.3(b)
( Deep Sea cable )
___________________________________________________________________________
Overall Diameter: 0.92 in.
Weight in Air: 3040 lbs./n. mile
Weight in Sea Water: 1260 lbs./n. mile
Minimum Breaking 8060 lbs.

Strength:
Cable Modulus: 6.4 n. mile (Breaking strength/1 n. mile weight in sea water)

___________________________________________________________________________
Table 2.5.3(c)
Cable Data for 0.128/0.460 Caged Armor Coaxial Ocean Cable.

n. mile. Deg. Knots
Deep Sea 0.66 12 - 0.043 0.243 0.090 4,000 20.0 25.1
Shore 1.07 12 - 0.043 0.849 0.554 4,000* 575 48.9

25 - 0.086
* - strength of caged armor only.

Page 42
Attenuation Characteristic
( dB/nm ) impedance
(ohms)
5 60
! ( dB/nm )
@ 68o F
4 58
3 56
2 54
1 52
Z0 ( ohms )
10 100 1000
Frequency kHz
Fig. 2.5.3(a) 0.128/0.460 caged armor coaxial ocean cable, attenuation

and characteristic impedance vs. frequency
Page 43
Diameter
inch
Central conductor 0.128

copper
Polyethylene 0.460
Return conductor 0.48

6 copper tapes
Shielding 0.49
copper tape
Belt 0.63
polyethylene
12 armor wires
0.061 in dia
Jacket 0.92
polyethylene black
Fig. 2.5.3(b) 0.128/0.460 caged armor coaxial ocean cable

- deep sea type.
Page 44
2.6 Optical Fiber Ocean Cables.
2.6.1 General.
There are several manufacturers of optical fiber ocean cables. The only data readily available
at the time of writing was from Tyco and Alcatel-Lucent, and this is generally limited to
mechanical properties. The data is subject to change as these cables are under continuous
development.
Cable armor types have been basically standardized across manufacturers and cable types
(Types in brackets are alternative names) :
a) LW. Lightweight. Benign bottoms, to maximum water depths.
b) SPA ( LWP ). Special applications. Somewhat rocky bottoms or where attack from marine life
is likely, to typically 6500 meters depth.
c) LWA. Light wire armored. Rocky terrain with risk of trawler damage, to typically 1500
meters depth or 1200 meters if buried.
d) SA Single armored. Rock terrain with higher risk of trawler damage, to typically 1000
meters depth or 800 meters if buried.
e) DA & DAH ( DA-HS & DA-HA ). Double armored high strength and double armored high
abrasion. Very rock terrain with high risk of trawler damage, to 400 meters on bottom or
buried.
f) RA & RAH. Rock armor. Very rocky terrain, very high risk of trawler damage and high risk
of abrasion and crushing, to 200 meters depth.
2.6.2 Optical Fiber Ocean Cables - Tyco.
Tyco, at the time of writing, makes three types of optical fiber ocean cables:
a) SL21 ( 21 mm ) cable. Commercial ocean cable designed to support up to 8 fiber pairs. Used
for ultra high capacity systems.
b) SL17 ( 17 mm ) cable. Standard commercial ocean cable designed to support up to 4 fiber

pairs.
c) SL12 cable. Commercial ocean cable designed for use in repeaterless systems.
Data for the SL21 fiber optic ocean cable is given in tables 2.6.2(a) and 2.6.2(b). Cross
sections of the LW, SA and RA cables are shown in figures 2.6.2(a), 2.6.2(b) and 2.6.2(c). This
information is from Simplex Wire and Cable information for their 21 mm cable (1999),
Simplex now being part of Tyco. No equivalent data for Tyco cables was available, though cross
sections were available which indicate some differences in the DA-HS and RA cables and the
addition of the DA-HA cable. The kingwire was omitted from the cross sections as it is no
longer used.
Page 45
Table 2.6.2(a)
Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Simplex Wire and Cable.
Type SL21 - Repeatered.
English Units.

n. mile. Deg. Knots
LW 0.827 Center 0.564 0.326 24,000 31.4 44.7
LWA 1.477 24 - 0.134 2.058 1.404 76,100 100 70.2
SA 1.510 20 - 0.165 2.394 1.692 89,100 115 75.4
DA 1.915 20 - 0.134 4.381 3.311 163,700 184 94.9

27 - 0.165
RA 2.549 20 - 0.165 9.069 7.328 113,900 326 120.8
8 - 0.380
SPA 1.250 Center 0.900 0.355 24,000 72 39.8
Table 2.6.2(a)
Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Simplex Wire and Cable.
Type SL21 - Repeatered.
Metric Units.

mm. mm. Kg./m. Kg./m. Kgf. cub. m./ constant
n. mile. Deg. Knots
LW 21.0 Center 0.839 0.485 10,900 0.89 44.7
LWA 36.8 24 - 3.4 3.062 2.089 34,590 2.83 70.2
SA 38.4 20 - 4.2 3.562 2.518 40,500 3.26 75.4
DA 48.6 20 - 3.4 6.519 4.927 74,400 5.22 94.9

27 - 4.2
RA 64.7 20 - 4.2 13.495 10.904 51,770 9.24 120.8
8 - 9.6
SPA 31.8 Center 1.339 0.528 10.900 2.04 39.8
Hydrodynamic constant supplied with data.

Page 46
Diameter
inch
Optical fibers
2-24
Thixotropic gel
Nylon tube 0.177
24 high strength
steel wires
Waterblock between
wires
Copper conductor 0.410
hermetically sealed
Medium density 0.827
polyethylene
Fig. 2.6.2(a) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type SL.
Diameter
inch
Armor bedding
polypropylene
servings
20 armor wires
0.165 in dia
Outer servings 1.510

polypropylene
Fig. 2.6.2(b) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type SA.

Page 47
Diameter
inch
Armor bedding
polypropylene
servings
20 armor wires
0.165 in dia
Armor bedding
polypropylene
servings
8 armor wires
0.380 in dia
Outer servings 2.549

polypropylene
Fig. 2.6.2(c) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type RA.

Page 48
2.6.3 Alcatel-Lucent Optical Fiber Ocean Cables.
Alcatel-Lucent, at the time of writing, makes four types of optical fiber ocean cables:
a) OALC-7 ( 20 mm ). Standard commercial ocean cable designed to support 8 to 12 fiber pairs,

for repeatered systems. Replaces OALC4. For depths up to 8500 meters.
b) URC1 ( 19 mm ). Standard commercial ocean cable designed to support up to 48 fibers in one

steel tube, or 192 fibers in four steel tubes in cable core, for unrepeatered systems. Suitable
for rivers and lakes.
c) URC2 ( 14 mm ). Standard commercial ocean cable designed to support up to 24 fibers for

unrepeatered systems. For depths up to 7000 meters.
d) URC3 ( 21.5 mm ). Standard commercial ocean cable designed to support up to 48 fibers for
unrepeatered systems. For depths up to 1500 meters.
Data for the OALC-7 fiber optic ocean cable is given in tables 2.6.3(a) and 2.6.3(b). Cross
sections of the LW and SA cables are shown in figures 2.6.3(a) and 2.6.3(b).
Page 49
Table 2.6.3(a)
Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Alcatel - Type OALC-7 - Repeatered.
English Units.

n. mile. Deg. Knots
LW 0.787 Center 0.55 0.34 22,400 24.0 52
LWP 1.08 Center 0.78 0.375 22,400 44.5 47
SA 1.36 22 - 0.134 1.88 1.21 71,700 77.6 75
SAH 1.50 20 - 0.197 2.48 1.68 100,700 65.8 84
DA 2.09 22 - 0.134 5.63 4.09 123,200 203 111

17 - 0.276
DAH 2.20 16 - 0.197 6.57 4.83 156,800 223 117

18 - 0.276
RAH 2.13 16 - 0.197 6.46 4.83 100,700 210 121

14 - 0.276
Table 2.6.3(b)
Cable Data Optical Fiber Ocean Cable - Alcatel - Type OALC-7 - Repeatered.
Metric Units.

mm. mm. Kg./m. Kg./m. Kgf. cub. m./ constant
n. mile. Deg. Knots
LW 20.0 Center 0.82 0.50 10,200 0.68 52
LWP 27.5 Center 1.17 0.56 10,200 1.26 47
SA 34.5 22 - 3.4 2.8 1.8 32,600 2.2 75
SAH 38.0 20 - 5.0 3.7 2.5 45,800 2.6 84
DA 53.0 22 - 3.4 8.4 6.1 56,000 5.75 111

17 - 7.0
DAH 56.0 16 - 5.0 9.8 7.2 71,300 6.31 117

18 - 7.0
RAH 54.0 16 - 5.0 9.6 7.2 45,800 5.94 121

14 - 7.0
Hydrodynamic constant supplied with data.

Page 50
Diameter
inch
Optical fibers
16-24
Thixotropic gel
Steel tube
24 high strength
steel wires
Waterblock between
wires
Copper conductor
hermetically sealed
Medium density 0.787
polyethylene
Fig. 2.6.3(a) OALC-7 optical fiber ocean cable, type SL.
Diameter
inch
Armor bedding
polypropylene
servings
22 armor wires
0.134 in dia
Outer servings 1.36

polypropylene
Fig. 2.6.3(a) OALC-7 optical fiber ocean cable, type SA.

Page 51
3. Cable Handling Equipment.
3.1 General.
The following drawings and figures are intended to provide additional information on cable
handling equipment, including alternative types.
3.2 Anchors, Mushroom.
Mushroom anchors are primarily used for used for mooring cable buoys. The following data
and drawings are for typical 1 cwt. and 4 cwt. mushroom anchors.
Table 3.2(a)
Weights of components of 1 cwt.

and 4 cwt. Mushroom Anchors.
Component 1 cwt 4 cwt
Head 88 lb 315 lb
Shank 34 lb 128 lb
Shackle 3 lb 7 lb
Total weight 125 lb 450 lb

Page 52
25-1/2
2-1/2 dia
20-3/16
Fig 3.2(a) Anchor, Mushroom, 1 cwt.
39
4 dia
7-7/16
29-11/16
Fig 3.2(b) Anchor, Mushroom, 4 cwt.

Page 53
3.3 Buoys, Balloon or Cable, and Fittings.
Balloon buoys or cable buoys are used for mark buoys or mooring cable ends during repair or
installation. There are several patterns, many cable companies have their own designs, and
there are several commercial designs.
3.3.1 Standard Balloon Buoys.
This a series of balloon ( or cable ) buoys that provide a range of capabilities for different
conditions. This range of buoys has developed along with the methods for working of ocean
cables. Table 3.3.1(a) gives the applications when used with grapnel/buoy rope as the scope.
Table 3.3.1(a)
Balloon Buoys - General Data.
Size Type Weight Working Load Usage - Grapnel/Buoy Rope as Scope
00 6 1/2 ton 4350 lb 8250 - 13000 lbf Mark buoy - Deep water
0 4 ton 3250 lb 6250 - 8250 lbf Cable end - Deep water
1 3 ton 2900 lb 4500 - 6250 lbf Cable end - Up to 3800 meters
2 2 ton 1980 lb 2750 - 4500 lbf Cable end - Up to 2900 meters
3 1 1/2 ton 1250 lb 1500 - 2750 lbf Cable end - Up to 1800 meters
4 13 cwt. 950 lb 800 - 1500 lbf Cable end - Up to 180 meters
Figure 3.3.1(a) shows the comparison between the sizes of the balloon buoys, fully rigged and
at their mean water line. Figures 3.3.1(b) to 3.3.1(f) give the construction details of the
balloon buoys, mast and corner reflector radar target.
The color of the balloon buoys to conform to IALA Maritime Buoyage System is yellow.
Figure 3.3.1(g) shows a typical arrangement of a buoy lamp and battery box. The color of the
lamp lens is yellow to conform to IALA Maritime Buoyage System. Flashing cycles, or
occulation, may be any other than those for white lights or ODAS buoys. Some designs
incorporate the battery box into the cap.
Page 54
100
2000
50
1000
0 0
mm in
MWL MWL
4
3
2
1
0
00
Fig 3.3.1(a) Balloon buoys - Comparison of size of Balloon Buoys, rigged with mast, radar reflector and light, at mean draft.
Page 55
Mast mounting
Mast clamp
Reinforcing pad
1/4 x 7 x 7
Mast support legs
Slip hook (2) 5/16 x 3 flat bar
00, 0, 1, 2 - 4 legs
5
1
3, 4 - 3 legs
Recovery ring
3/4 dia bar
6 inside dia
B
Cap
Bumper clamp
Baffle
Support ring
2 x 2 x 1/4 angle
Braces (4)
C 2 x 2 x 1/4 angle
Body
D 3/8 brass bolts
Manholes
Baffle
Skirt
E
2-1/4 x 1/4 flange
Ring and supports

G 1-1/2 OD x 1/4 tube
00, 0, 1, 2 - 4 supports
3, 4 - 3 supports
F
A
All material mild steel unless otherwise noted.

All dimensions in inches.
Dimensions (inch) Material thickness (inch)
A B C D E F G Cap Body Skirt Baffles

00 108 50 91 63 14 60 26 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16
0 92-1/4 49 78 65 12 50 26 1/4 3/16 3/16 3/16
1 80 46-1/2 70-1/2 64 11-1/4 46 26 1/4 3/16 3/16 1/4
2 72-1/2 37 68-3/4 58 11-1/4 38-1/4 26 5/16 3/16 1/4 3/16
3 64-1/4 33-1/2 55 46 9 36 14 3/16 1/8 1/4 1/8
4 54-1/2 27-1/2 47 47 7 30-1/4 14 3/16 1/8 1/4 1/8
Fig. 3.3.1(b) Balloon buoys - construction details.

Page 56
3-1/2
OD
3 ID
3-1/2
1/4
6 DIA
Mast mounting
4 2 5/8
6
A A 4
1-9/16
2-3/4
16
1-3/4
22
12-1/2
1-1/2 2-1/2 2 Section

AA
1-1/2
4
angle on pads
to suit cap
radius
Slip hook
Fig. 3.3.1(c) Balloon buoys - Construction details

Page 57
3-1/2
OD 1/2 3/8 UNC
3 ID
1 DIA
3/8 DIA x 4 bar
3/8 UNC x 1-1/4 thread on
end
1/16 DIA hole other end
Bent to suit
Mast clamp
20 holes
3/8 drill
/4
-1
15 D
RA
16
20
Plate thickness - see baffle thickness..
Manhole cover.
All dimensions in inches..
Fig. 3.3.1(d) Balloon buoy - Construction details..

Page 58
6 holes
7/16 DIA
60o apart
10 1/2 0n 9-1/2
PCD
1/2
gussets
2 x 2 x 1/4
120
3 OD x 2-1/2 ID
tube
Material - 6063 Al alloy
Mast
Fig 3.3.1(e) Balloon buoy - Construction details.

Page 59
reflector 0.080 sheet
30
supports (6) 3-1/2 OD x 3 ID tube
1 x 1/8 flat bar
27
4
1/4 hole
1 from bottom
of tube
Material - 5052 Al alloy.
Radar reflector, 3cm corner type.
Fig 3.3.1(f) Balloon buoy - Construction details.

Page 60
10.1
Protective
frame
(optional)
Focal
plane
Lantern
4.1
3 studs
25.7
1/2 UNC x 1 1/4 long

on 7.88 PCI
with nuts and l/washers
7.7
Waterproof
connector
Battery box
aluminum or
fiberglass
6.5
Batteries (2) 7.5V
6 studs
7/16 UNC x 1 1/4 long
on 9 1/2 PCD
12
Buoy lamp and battery box.

Tideland ML-140 buoy lantern shown.
Fig 3.3.1(g) Balloon buoy - Construction details.

Page 61
3.3.2 Deep Sea Cable Buoys - DLM Type.
DLM manufacture two deep sea cable buoys, a 6 foot diameter, and a 9 foot diameter. The 6 foot
diameter will support approximately 4500 lbf and the 9 foot diameter, 18000 lbf. The 6 foot
buoy is shown in figure 3.3.2(a) and the 9 foot diameter in figure 3.3.2(b). The buoys are
fitted with a buoy lamp and internal battery compartment, and a tripod mast.
Fig. 3.3.2(a) DLM 6 foot diameter cable buoy.
Fig. 3.3.2(b) DLM 9 foot diameter cable buoy.

Page 62
3.3.3 Cable Buoys - Telemark Cable Marker Buoys.
Trellebork manufacture the Telemark modular cable buoy which use a set of modules to change
the buoyancy of the buoy to suit the mooring depth. Table 3.3.3(a) gives the buoyancy for the
number of modules installed. Figure 3.3.3(a) shows these cable buoys on a cable ship. There is
a smaller modular cable buoy with buoyancies of 1800 to 6300 Kgf.
Table 3.3.3(a)
Telemark Cable Buoys.
Net buoyancy Kgf No. of modules Weight in Air Kg
3000 1 1514
6000 2 1916
9000 3 2318
12000 4 2720
Module dimensions: 2500mm x 2100mm
Fig. 3.3.3(a) Telemark modular cable buoys.

Page 63
3.4 Buoy Slip Hook.
Figure 3.4(a) shows a typical slip hook used in slipping balloon or cable buoys. The lifting
line is attached to the upper eye and the slip line to the side eye with the hook through
through the recovery ring on the buoy.
0.5
5.9
4.7
Fig. 3.4(a) Buoy slip hook - Davey pattern.

Page 64
3.5 Cutter, Velocity Power.
Velocity power cutters are explosively driven cutters for use with grapnel rope and ocean
cables, and are used on the deck of cable ships or over the bow or stern sheaves. They can be
fired using a lanyard or electrical means. No reference is made in later literature to these
types of cutters. The unit shown in figure 3.5(a) is typical of those manufactured by Mine
Safety Appliance Co. ( Now MSF ).
Firing pin
Firing unit body
Actuator
Electrical lead
Cap
Electrical firing unit

Cartridge chamber
Expendable
Cutting knife
arresting bar Cutter body Safety pin
Shear pin assembly
Lanyard
Hoisting ring Safety pin

Firing pin
Bottom die and spring
Grapnel rope/
Firing unit body
Ocean cable
Cartridge
Fig. 3.5(a) Cutter, velocity power - General arrangement.

Page 65
Page 66
3.6 Floats.
3.6.1 Inflatable Balloon Floats, Double Nylon and Rubber.
Inflatable balloon floats come in two sizes, the smaller for use on balloon buoy recovery ropes,
and the larger for supporting ocean cables being landed ashore. The smaller size are normally
stored onboard, while the larger are stored ashore until required for a cable landing. Figure
3.6.1(a) shows the floats as inflated.
D - ring
Size A B Buoyancy
Small 12 15 35 lbf
Large 24 30 280 lbf
Fig. 3.6.1(a) Balloon floats, double nylon and rubber.

Page 67
3.6.2 Deep Submergence Glass Floats.
Deep submergence glass floats are used with equipment such as current meters, acoustic
transponders and releases, to provide supporting and recovery flotation. Figure 3.6.2(a) shows
a 10 inch glass sphere inside its hard hat, which protects the glass sphere from damage.
Flood holes
2.5
14.0
12.5
7/16 DIA
11.5
Mounting
holes
Net Buoyancy 10 lbf

Dry weight 5.7 lb
Depth rating 29500 ft
9000 m
Fig. 3.6.2(a) 10 inch dia. spherical glass float

with hard hat.
Page 68
3.6.3 Inflatable Floats.
The inflatable floats are primarily used of landing ocean cables and would normally be stored
ashore until they are required. Figure 3.6.3(a) shows a typical inflatable float.
D - ring Inflating/deflating
valve
1000 mm
dia
D - rings
Buoyancy 300 lbf

130 Kgf
Fig. 3.6.3(a) Inflatable float - Nylon and polyurethane.

Page 69
3.7 Grapnels.
3.7.1 General.
The following sections contain drawings that show the construction of various types of
grapnels.
3.7.2 Batfish Grapnel.
The general arrangement of the batfish grapnel is shown in figure 3.7.2(a) and the
construction details are shown in figure 3.7.2(b).
3.7.3 5-Prong Round Bottom Common Grapnel.
The general arrangement of the 5-prong round bottom common grapnel is shown in figure
3.7.3(a) and the construction details are shown in figure 3.7.3(b).
3.7.4 Flatfish Grapnel ( Commercial ).
The general arrangement of the flatfish grapnel is shown in figure 3.7.4(a) and the
construction details are shown in figures 3.7.4(b) and 3.7.4(c).
3.7.5 Gifford Grapnel.
The general arrangement of the 30 ton and 50 ton Gifford grapnels, chain joining link pattern,
is shown in figure 3.7.5(a) and the construction details of the 30 ton Gifford grapnel are
shown in figure 3.7.5(b). The 50 ton Gifford grapnel is scaled up from the 30 ton grapnel.
3.7.6 Jamming Grapnel.
The general arrangement of the jamming grapnel is shown in figure 3.7.6(a) and the
construction details are shown in figure 3.7.6(b). Jamming grapnel shown is for List 1 SD
ocean cable. For other types of plastic covered ocean cable, the dimensions of the jaw can be
changed to ensure jamming action occurs.
3.7.7 Rennies Grapnel.
The general arrangement of the Rennies grapnel is shown in figure 3.7.7(a) and the
construction details are shown in figure 3.7.7(b).
3.7.8 Rouillard Grapnel.
The general arrangement and construction of the Rouillard grapnel is shown in figure 3.7.8(a).
3.7.9 Sliding Prong Grapnel.
The general arrangement of the sliding prong grapnel is shown in figure 3.7.9(a) and the
construction details are shown in figures 3.7.9(b) and 3.7.9(c).
Page 70
70
94 53
Approximate weight - 1600 lb. All dimensions in inches.
Fig. 3.7.2(a) Batfish grapnel - General arrangement.

Item No off Material Size
Body 1 M.S. 1.0 t
Small prong arm 2 SAE 4047 2.0 t
Large prong arm 2 SAE 4047 2.0 t
Small prong base 2 SAE 4047 2.0 t 22
Large prong base 2 SAE 4047 2.0 t 3
Bolts 2 M.S. 1x6
Small
Bolts 2 M.S. 1 3/4 x 6 1/2
9
prong
Bolts 2 M.S. 2 1/4 x 6 1/2 arm
3 1/2
2
2.5 - 2.7 DIA 12
38
3
2 holes 20 1/4
1.05 - 1.07
DIA
1DIA
24
Long
12
2 holes prong
70
2.30 - 2.32 arm
DIA
14 1/2 1R
8 4 holes
2 holes
54 1/2
2.30 - 2.32
4 1.05 - 1.07 DIA
DIA
7
1/2
15
3
2
8
10
4
2 3 holes 2 DIA 4 1/2 2 holes 2 12 1/2
1.802 - 1.822 DIA Small Large
9 9
prong prong
94 base 15 base
Body
Fig 3.7.2(b) Batfish grapnel - Components.

Page 71
Page 72
Long prong Medium prong Short prong

Approximate weight 560 lb. Approximate weight 336 lb. Approximate weight 252 lb.
Fig. 3.7.3(a) 5-prong round bottom common grapnel - General arrangement.

Type A B C E Weight
Short prong 12 2-3/4 4-1/2 2-1/4 252 lb
Medium prong 13 3 5 2-1/2 336 lb
Long prong 13-1/2 4 8 3 560 lb
A
E
B
Short prong 8
Medium prong 12
Long prong 16
34 9
Fig. 3.7.3(b) 5-prong round bottom common grapnel - construction.

Page 73
Page 74
39
27 21
Weight - 400 lb. All dimensions in inches.
Fig. 3.7.4(a) Flatfish grapnel - General arrangement.

Chamfer corners
1/4 x 1/4
2 DIA
1-1/2 DIA
7-1/4 3-1/2
2.015
2.000
4R
6-1/2
4R
27
2
2-1/2 11/16 DIA
4 holes
13-1/2
3-1/4 6-1/2
4 19 2 +1/64
39
Base plate - Material M.S. All dimensions in inches.
Fig. 3.7.4(b) Flatfish grapnel - Component details.

Page 75
Page 76
1-3/8
11/16 DIA Taper 3/4 per ft
1/4 R 2 holes
10-
R
R
6
/ 2 1/2 3-1/2 W
1-3/4
-1
28
7-1/2
1-1/2
3-1/4
0.312
Type # 1 W=1.968 2 off

1/4
1-7/8
23-3/4
2 Type #2 W=1.281 2 off
13/16
1 7/8
2-3/4
3-3/8 2
1-3/4
1-3/8
4-7/8 Wedges - M.S.
5/8 R Saddle block - Teakwood - 2 off
R
3
2.031
1/2
11/16 DIA
1-1/64
8-1/4
18-
15/16
2 holes Fasteners
R
5/8 steel bolt 8 long
6
1-15/16 2
hex head nut
steel lockwasher
1-1/2
7-1/2
3-1/4
4 off
15-3/4
1/4
2 1 5/16
2-3/4
1-3/4
3-3/8
2
1/4 R 4-7/8
1/2 6-1/2
Prong - M.S. - 1 off Saddle block plate - M.S. - 2 off
Fig. 3.7.4(c) Flatfish grapnel - Component details.

Page 77
76
66
/2
2-1 5
30 ton
50 ton
Fig. 3.7.5(a) Gifford grapnels, chain joining link pattern

- General arrangement.
Page 78
1-5/8
Section AA
1-3/4
5/8
3-1/4
A A Section BB
5-3/8
B B
12-1/2
C C 3 -3/4
6
Section CC
1-3/8 R 1-3/8 DIA

1-1/2
Hook material - SAE 4047 5

Chain joining link 1-1/16 - 1-1/8 size
Fig 3.7.5(b) Gifford grapnel, 30 ton, chain joining link pattern,

- Construction details .
Page 79
62
Approximate weight 200 lb.
Figure 3.7.6(a) Jamming grapnel ( SD List 1 ) - General arrangement.

Page 80
6-1/2
4-1/4 1-3/4
2-1/2 1
1-3/4
3-1/2
14
10
1-3/8 DIA
45o csk
6-1/2
1-5/8 DIA
5-1/2
2 places
2-1/2
1 4
4-1/2 Material - SAE 4047

9 Chain joining links - 1-1/16 - 1-1/8 size.
Fig. 3.7.6(b) Jamming grapnel ( SD List 1 ) - Hook construction details.

Page 81
Proof test load

applied to each
prong here
K
Fig. 3.7.7(a) Rennies grapnel - 30 ton and 50 ton -

General arrangement.
Page 82
B C 3 D
A 2-1/2 R
A
A
Section H
G
AA
Size 30 ton 50 ton*

A 16 20
B 9-1/2
C 1-3/4 1-3/4
D 11-1/4 14
* Dimensions not specified
to be proportional or as E 2-3/8
needed to meet strength F 4-1/4 5
requirements G 3/4
H 3-1/2
K 66 86
12 1/4
Test load lbf 53760 100000

Weight lb 324 690
Fig. 3.7.7(b) Rennies grapnel - 30 ton and 50 ton - Construction details.

1-1/2
37
49
67
30
9-1/2 4-1/2
6-1/2
4
7-1/2
5-1/2
48 32
Weight - 896 lb.
Fig. 3.7.8(a) Rouillard grapnel - General arrangement and construction details.

Page 83
Page 84
16 22
72
Short prong Long prong
Fig. 3.7.9(a) Sliding prong grapnel - General arrangement.

H
Size Short Long
L 15 11-1/2
W 16 22
9/16
T 3 3-3/4
3
9/16 H 11-5/8 14
5-9/16
3
R 5-1/4 4-1/4
5-9/16 3
32o
1/8 R on 1
edge
4 places
1/4 R on
edge
4-1/4
4 places
L
All surfaces
hand
ground
smooth
8-1/4
1/2 R on
R
edge
9/16 2 places Material - SAE 4047
3
5-9/16 1
Fig. 3.7.9(b) Sliding prong grapnel - Construction details.

Page 85
Page 86
1/4 x 45o 4 places

1-9/16 DIA csk 90o/92o x 1-3/4 2 places
2
3-5/8
3/4 R typ
1-17/32
DIA
2 places
Shackle material - SAE 4340
6-9/16
3-9/16
58
Bar material - M.S.
7-17/32
7-1/16
1/4 1/8
Pin material - SAE 4340
2
45o 1-1/2 + 1/64
3-1/2 + 1/64 3-1/2 + 1/64
Fig. 3.7.9(c) Sliding prong grapnel - Construction details.

Page 87
3.8 Ground Chain Holding Plate.
The ground chain holding plate is used to hold back on the ground chain attached to grapnels,
when working cables over the bow or stern. Figure 3.8(a) shows the configuration of the ground
chain holding plate.
Ground chain
W
size
1-1/4 1-5/16
1-1/2 1-9/16
1-1/2
1-1/2
4
2
1-1/4
1-1/4 W W
8
Material - M.S. plate 1/2 thick.
Fig. 3.8(a) Ground chain holding plate.

Page 88
3.9 Grapnel Rope and Fittings.
Grapnel rope use and construction is shown in table 3.9(a). ( The following is from MIL-W-
19460B(SHIPS), no other specifications were found for grapnel type ropes. )
Table 3.9(a)
Grapnel Rope Use and Construction.
Wires per Approximate

Rope Size designation Strands strand diameter - inches
Grapnel 9 by 5 5 9 2-3/8
9 by 4 4 9 2-3/32
8 by 3 3 8 1-5/8
7 by 3 3 7 1-1/2
6 by 3 3 6 1-3/8
Buoy 4 by 3 3 4 1-1/8
3 by 3 3 3 7/8
Construction:
The grapnel and buoy ropes shall be compound stranded, each strand containing full diameter,
high tensile, zinc coated steel wires, with each wire separately covered with manila yarn of a
suitable thickness.
The steel wires finished diameter, galvanized, shall be 0.106 inches plus or minus 0.003 inch.
The wires shall be made of either open hearth or electric furnace steel. The wires shall
conform to the following:
Tensile strength - 2150 lbf, minimum breaking strength.

Elongation - 5 percent minimum, in 10 inches after fracture.
The link-thimble assemblies end links shall be made of forging steel by the open hearth or
electric furnace process, and shall be heat treated as required. The thimbles shall be made of
cast steel and radiographed.
The manila yarn used shall be of a good grade No. 18 untanned yarn. The yarn shall have a
breaking strength of not less than 300 lbf and when finished shall not have more than 5
percent oil by weight.
The jute strand used as strand core shall be long fiber, good quality and acid free. Jute strand
core make up is shown in table 3.9(b).
Page 89
Table 3.9(b)
Jute Strand Cores.
Rope size designation Cores
9 by 5 11 ply, 180 lbs
9 by 4 11 ply, 180 lbs
8 by 3 11 ply, 180 lbs
7 by 3 3/8 inch diameter, 3 strand
6 by 3 9 ply, 180 lbs
4 by 3 5/32 inch diameter, 3 strand
3 by 3 No core
Each wire shall be separately and completely covered with 5 manila yarns tightly and evenly
wound with a left hand lay of approximately 3 inches. The wires shall be laid up with a right
hand lay to form the strands, and the strand shall be laid up with a left hand lay to form the
rope. Except for the 3 by 3 rope, the ropes will have jute core, as in table 3.9(b). The 9 by 5
and the 9 by 4 rope construction shall also have a 3 strand, jute rope cores of 13/16 inch and
1/2 inch diameter respectively. The lengths of the lays is given in Table 3.9(c).
Table 3.9(c)
Length of lays.
Rope size Length of turn - inches

designation
Rope Strand Yarn
9 by 5 16-1/2 10 3
9 by 4 15-1/2 10 3
8 by 3 9 7 3
7 by 3 11-1/2 8-1/4 3
6 by 3 8 8 3
4 by 3 7-1/2 4-1/2 3
3 by 3 6-1/2 5-1/4 3
Page 90
The strength of the ropes and the proof loads for the respective link-thimbles is given in table
3.9(d).
Table 3.9(d)
Minimum Breaking Strength of the Ropes and

the Proof Loads for the Link-Thimbles.
Rope size Minimum rope Proof loads for

designation breaking strength - lbf link-thimbles - lbf
9 by 5 105,000 105,000
9 by 4 80,000 80,000
8 by 3 56,000 56,000
7 by 3 47,000 47,000
6 by 3 40,300 40,300
4 by 3 26,800 26,800
3 by 3 20,100 20,100
Standard grapnel rope assemblies are shown in figure 3.9(a), with specialized grapnel rope
assemblies are shown in figure 3.9(b), and the form of the link-thimbles in figure 3.9(c). The
lengths of the specialized grapnel rope assemblies are dependent of the layout of the cable
ship where they will be used. The lengths in the table in figure 3.9(b) are for the cable ship
layout used to demonstrate rigging procedure, Part 5 of the Handbook.
Link-thimbles
Eye splices min.
3 full tucks
Grapnel rope
3000 ft - 915 m
Rope size Weight - approx.

3 by 3 1400 lb - 636 Kg
6 by 3 3120 lb - 1418 Kg
8 by 3 4160 lb - 1890 Kg
9 by 5 7770 lb - 3532 Kg
Fig. 3.9(a) Standard grapnel and buoy rope assemblies

with weights for selected sizes.
Page 91
Page 92
Link-thimbles
Eye splices min.
3 full tucks
Grapnel rope
Rope size Use Length Weight approx. Rope size Use Length Weight approx.
8 by 3 Buoy 1500ft-457m 2110lb-959Kg 8 by 3 Static messenger 43ft-13m 115lb-52Kg
8 by 3 Buoy 600ft-183m 880lb-400Kg 6 by 3 Static messenger 43ft-13m 90lb-41Kg
8 by 3 Buoy 300ft-91m 470lb-214Kg 8 by 3 Messenger 320ft-98m 490lb-223Kg
8 by 3 Buoy 60ft-18m 140lb-64Kg 6 by 3 Messenger 320ft-98m 380lb-173Kg
6 by 3 Buoy 1500ft-457m 1580lb-718Kg 8 by 3 Span 11ft-3.35m 80lb-36Kg
8 by 3 Side rope 140ft-43m 250lb-114Kg 6 by 3 190lb-86Kg Span 11ft-3.35m 60lb-27Kg
8 by 3 Side rope 90ft-27m 180lb-82Kg 8 by 3 Bridle 390ft-119m 590lb-268Kg
3 by 3 Side rope 140ft-43m 100lb-45Kg 6 by 3 Bridle 390ft-119m 450lb-205Kg
8 by 3 Transfer rope 48ft-15m 125lb-57Kg 3 by 3 Bridle 390ft-119m 220lb-100Kg
Fig. 3.9(b) Specialized grapnel and buoy rope assemblies - lengths to suit
cable ship layout used to demonstrate rigging techniques
Page 93
R C
E
X A
S
F G
M
N
T
U
H
P
B
Y V
J
K
W
L
Fig. 3.9(c) Link-thimble form.

Page 94
Dimension Rope size for link-thimble

3 by 3 6 by 3 8 by 3 9 by 4 9 by 5
A 7-1/4 5-3/4 10-3/4 12-3/4 14
B 5-1/2 6-1/2 8-1/8 9-1/2 10-3/4
C 2 2-1/4 2-3/4 3
D 11/16 R 1R 1-1/8 R 1-3/8 R
E 3-1/8 3-3/8 4 4-1/2
F 1R 1R 1-1/8 R 2R 2-1/4 R
G 13/16 R 15/16 R 1-3/32 R 1-15/16 R
H 4-1/4 5-5/8 8-1/8 7-1/2 8-1/2

J 3/16 3/16 1/4 7/32
K 1-5/8 1-7/8 2-3/16 2-5/8
L 1-3/8 2 2-1/4 2-11/16 3-1/16
M 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8
N 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
P 4-1/4 3-7/8 4-5/8 5-1/2 6-1/4
Q 1-1/4 1-7/8 2-1/8 2-3/8
R 1-1/8 D 1-1/4 D 1-3/8 D 1-3/4 D 2D
S 4-1/4 4-7/8 5-1/4 6 6-3/8
T 1-5/8 R 1-13/16 R 2 R 2-1/16 R
U 1-1/8 R 1R 1-1/16 R 1-1/8 R 1-1/16 R
V 0 1/4 R 3/8 R 3/8 R 7/16 R
W 0 1 1-3/8 1-5/8 2-1/8
X 5 3-1/4 8 9 1/4 10
Y 5-1/8 6-1/2 5-1/2 8-5/8
Fig 3.9(c) Link-thimble form ( Continued ).

Page 95
3.10 Double Braided Nylon Rope and Fittings.
Standard double braided nylon rope assemblies are shown in figure 3.10(a), with specialized
double braided nylon rope assemblies are shown in figure 3.10(b), and the form of the link-
thimbles in figure 3.10(c). If this form of link-thimble is not available then a normal link-
thimble can be used, but with the thimble lashed at approximate 2, 4, 8 and 10 oclock on the
thimble circumference to secure the thimble to the rope when not in service. The lengths of
the specialized double braided nylon rope assemblies are dependent of the layout of the cable
ship where they will be used. The lengths in the table in figure 3.10(b) are for the cable ship
layout used to demonstrate rigging procedure, Part 5 of the Handbook. The characteristics of
double braided nylon rope are given blow in table 3.10(a) for Samson 2-in-1 Super Strong
Nylon which is typical of the synthetic ropes used for buoy moorings.
Table 3.10(a)
Characteristics of Selected Double Braided Nylon Rope.
Size Circumference Weight Break strength

diameter ISO/BS EN919
1-1/4 inch - 30 mm 3-3/4 inch 36lb/100ft - 61Kg/100m 51,920lbf - 23.6 MT
1-5/8 inch - 40 mm 5 inch 74lb/100ft - 110Kg/100m 91,740lbf - 41.7MT
2 inch - 48 mm 6 inch 106lb/100ft - 158Kg/100m 130,680lbf - 59.4MT
2-3/4 inch - 68 mm 8-1/2 inch 212lb/100ft - 316Kg/100m 257,400lbf - 117MT
Recommended working load - 20% of break strength.

Page 96
Link-thimbles
Eye splice
Double braided
Nylon rope
3000 ft - 915 m
Rope size - inch Weight approx.

3-3/4 Circ 1420lb - 645Kg
5 Circ 2490lb -1132Kg
6 Circ 3650lb -1659Kg
8-1/2 Circ 7320lb -3327Kg
Fig. 3.10(a) Standard double braided Nylon rope assemblies.

Link-thimbles
Eye splice
Double braided
Nylon rope
Rope size - inch Use Length Weight approx.

3-3/4 Circ Side rope 140ft - 43m 80lb - 36Kg
5 Circ Side rope 140ft - 43m 150 lb - 68Kg
6 Circ Side rope 140ft - 43m 230 lb - 105Kg
8-1/2 Circ Side rope 140ft - 43m 470 lb - 214Kg
Fig. 3.10(b) Specialized double braided Nylon rope assemblies.

Page 97
Page 98
R7
D
Y
T2
R8
R4 R6
T1
R5
F
A
J
C T4
E
K
R2
R3 L
T2
H
B G
Thimble
Circ
A B C D E F G H J K L R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
3-3/4 6-3/8 5-7/16 3-7/16 4-1/16 1-1/8 1-1/16 1-1/2 7/8 1-5/16 1-5/8 1-7/8 1-1/8 11/16 1-5/8 2-13/16 1-13/16 3/4
5 8-1/2 7-1/4 4-11/16 5-3/8 11/16 1-1/8 2 1-3/16 1-3/4 2-1/8 2-1/8 1-7/16 15/16 2-3/16 3-3/4 3-3/4 1
6 10-9/16 8-7/8 5-5/8 6-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/8 2-7/16 1-7/16 2-1/8 2-9/16 3 1-3/4 1-1/8 2-5/8 4-1/2 4-1/2 1-3/16
8-1/2 15-1/4 13 8-1/2 9-3/4 3-1/4 1-3/4
Thimble Link
Circ
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 X Y R7 R8
3-3/4 1/4 5/16 3/16 3/16 3/16 1-1/8 5 7/8 1-5/16
5 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1-1/4 6-1/4 1 1-9/16
6 3/8 5/16 1/4 1/4 1/4 1-1/2 8 1-1/8 11-1/16
8-1/2 2
Fig 3.10(c) Link-thimble - Double braided Nylon rope - Ocean Products.

Page 99
3.11 Serving Application Tool.
The serving application tool is used for applying servings to a cable during splicing,
termination or to repair outer servings that have become damaged during cable working. A
typical serving application tool is shown in figure 3.11(a).
Yarn tensioning
path
Yarn coil Support
Handle
Shoe
Cable
16
Fig. 3.11(a) Serving application tool.

Page 100
3.12 Grapnel Rope Shackles.
Grapnel rope shackles are used to join lengths of grapnel and buoy rope together using the
link-thimbles at each end of the rope section. The shackles are designed with no projections to
allow smooth passage through cable machinery, sheaves and rope pipes. Shackle size is
designated by the size of the rope it is intended for joining. Figure 3.12(a) shows the
arrangement of grapnel shackles.
L
D
S W
Size 6 by 3 8 by 3 9 by 5
d 1-1/4 in - 31.75 mm 1-1/2 in - 38.1 mm 2 in - 50.8 mm
D 1-3/8 in - 34.9 mm 1-5/8 in - 41.28 mm 2-1/4 in - 57.15 mm
L 3-1/4 in - 82.55 mm 3-5/8 in - 92.1 mm 5-1/4 in - 133.4 mm
W 2-5/16 in - 58.7 mm 2-3/4 in - 69.85 mm 3-3/4 in - 95.25 mm
S 3-1/8 in - 79.4 mm 3-5/8 in - 92.1 mm 5 in - 127.0 mm

Pin drive Screw driver Screw driver Socket wrench
Weight approx. 9 lb - 4.1 Kg 16 lb - 7.3 Kg 39 lb - 17.7 Kg
Proof load 40300 lbf - 18300Kgf 56000 lbf - 25455 Kgf 105000 lbf - 47727 Kgf
Fig. 3.12(a) Grapnel rope shackles.

Page 101
3.13 Small Oldman Sheaves.
Oldman sheaves are used for supporting cables during loading, unloading and transfer
between cable tanks. Figure 3.13(a) shows a typical small Oldman sheave.
8-3/4
5
5
16-15/16
2-1/16 R
3-3/8
7
7/8
4-3/4
9
Maximum cable size 4 inch dia

Working load 5000 lbf
Ultimate strength 20000 lbf
Block weight 16 lb
Fig. 3.13(a) Small Oldman sheave -

Sherman & Reilly.
Page 102
3.14 Cable Stoppers.
3.14.1 BTL Stoppers.
BTL stoppers are intended for stoppering off armored ocean cables. Construction data for the
three common sizes are given in figures 3.14.1(a), 3.14.1(b), and 3.14.1(c).
4 7 part rope twist
1/4 x 45o
chamfer
1-3/4 + 1/16 7/8 + 1/16
3
3-1/2 + 1/16 4 typ 2 + 1/16
Break
edges
30 144
300
6 - See Note 1
1
2
5 - See Note 1
Notes: Description Note No.

Wire rope steel 6 x 19 7/16 dia. min. breaking strength 45,000 lbf 1
1. Steel sleeves No. 5 and 6 shall be fitted
Wire rope steel 6 x 19 7/16 dia. min. breaking strength 45,000 lbf 2
to the wire rope by pressing or swaging
so as to develop at least 90% of the Wire rope steel 6 x 19 7/16 dia. min. breaking strength 45,000 lbf 3
strength of the wire rope. Thimble, slip-through 2 4
Sleeve, steel 5
2. Thimble No. 4 Bethlehem Steel part W-7
Sleeve, steel 6
or equivalent.
Fig. 3.14.1(a) BTL stopper, 7/16 inch dia. wires.

Page 103
4 7 part rope twist -
see Note 3
Page 104
5/64 x 45o
chamfer 1-3/4 3/4
3
3-7/8 3 typ 1-1/4
3/64 x 45o
108 chamfer
24
222
6 - See Note 1
1
2
5 - See Note 1
Notes:

to the wire rope by pressing or swaging Description Note No.
so as to develop at least 90% of the Wire rope steel 6 x 19 5/16 dia. min. breaking strength 9,500 lbf 3 1
strength of the wire rope. Wire rope steel 6 x 19 5/16 dia. min. breaking strength 9,500 lbf 3 2
Wire rope steel 6 x 19 5/16 dia. min. breaking strength 9,500 lbf 3 3
2. Thimble No. 4 Bethlehem Steel part W-5
or equivalent. Thimble, slip-through 2 4
Sleeve, steel 5
3. The 7 part rope twist is to be formed so Sleeve, steel 6
that the two short tails are separated
by the two long tails, as shown.
Fig. 3.14.1(b) BTL stopper, 5/16 inch dia. wires.

4 7 part rope twist -
see Note 3
5/64 x 45o
chamfer 1-1/2 5/8
3
3-7/16 3 typ 1-1/16
3/64 x 45o
chamfer
81
174
6 - See Note 1
1
2
5 - See Note 1
Notes:

to the wire rope by pressing or swaging Description Note No.
so as to develop at least 90% of the Wire rope steel 6 x 19 1/4 dia. min. breaking strength 6,100 lbf 3 1
strength of the wire rope.
Wire rope steel 6 x 19 1/4 dia. min. breaking strength 6,100 lbf 3 2
2. Thimble No. 4 Bethlehem Steel part W-5 Wire rope steel 6 x 19 1/4 dia. min. breaking strength 6,100 lbf 3 3
or equivalent. Thimble, slip-through 2 4
Sleeve, steel 5
3. The 7 part rope twist is to be formed so
Sleeve, steel 6
that the two short tails are separated
by the two long tails, as shown.
Fig. 3.14.1(c) BTL stopper, 1/4 inch dia. wires.

Page 105
Page 106
3.14.2 Certified Tapered Chain Stopper.
Tapered chain stoppers are intended for stoppering off armored ocean cables, grapnel rope and
ground chain. Figure 3.14.2(a) and tables 3.14.2(a), 3.14.2(b) and 3.14.2(c) show the
construction of certified tapered chain stoppers.
Table 3.14.2(a)
Construction of 3/4 inch Certified Tapered Chain Stopper.
1. Join 3/4 inch chain to 7/8 inch end egg link prior to proof testing to 46000 lbf. The proof
test is to be conducted twice with each separate end egg link.
2. Join 5/8 inch chain to 3/4 inch chain prior to proof testing to 33000 lbf.
5. Metal I.D. tag is to be attached to stopper and proof test certificate supplied by
manufacturer.
6. End egg link are to have the same ultimate strength as the adjacent 3/4 inch chain.
Table 3.14.2(b)
Construction of 7/8 inch Certified Tapered Chain Stopper.
1. Join 7/8 inch chain to 1 inch end egg links prior to proof testing to 57500 lbf. Proof test is
to be done twice with each separate end egg link.
2. Join 3/4 inch chain to 7/8 inch chain prior to proof testing to 46000 lbf .
3. Join 5/8 inch chain to 3/4 inch chain prior to proof testing to 33000 lbf .
5. Metal I.D. tag is to be attached to stopper and proof test certificate supplied by
manufacturer.
6. End egg link are to have the same ultimate strength as the adjacent 7/8 inch chain.
Page 107
Table 3.14.2(c)
Material and Inspection of Certified Tapered Chain Stoppers.
1 . Material - alloy steel to ASTM A391-58 specification or RR-C-271A Federal Specification,

Type 1, Grade C, Class 1, Welded steel alloy chain. End egg links shall be manufactured of
alloy steel to the above specification.
2. After proof testing, each part shall be free of cracks, holes and laps, when examined in
accordance with MIL-STD-271C(SHIPS) or equivalent. Magnetic particle testing using the wet
method with fluorescent magnetic particle suspension.
Page 108
1 7/8 inch certified tapered chain stopper.

1 3/4 R
End egg link

3/4 R
227.3 max
6 6 93.6 max 58.2 max 40.1 max 23.4 max
End egg links (3) 7/8 chain 3/4 chain 5/8 chain 1/2 chain
7/8 3/4 inch certified tapered chain stopper.

1 1/4 R
1/4 R End egg link
147.1 max
6 6 58.2 max 32.7 max 28.1 max 16.1 max
3/4 chain 5/8 chain 1/2 chain 3/8 chain

End egg links (3)
Fig. 3.14.2(a) Certified tapered chain stoppers.

Page 109
3.14.3 Commercial Tapered Chain Stoppers.
Figure 3.14.3(a) shows two commercial tapered chain stoppers ( Tridente ).
Large stopper S.W.L. 12 Tonnes.
Proof test load 24 tonne.

End link
40x30x10 Intermediate link End link
100x50x25 160x(80x40)x30
20 links 22 links 22 links 100 160 160

18 links
40 22 chain 420
13 chain 16 chain 19 chain
5054
Small stopper S.W.L. 7 Tonnes.
Proof test load 15 tonne.
End link Intermediate link End link

32x24x8 90x45x22 140x(70x35)x25
24 links 36 links 90 140 140

18 links 18 links
8 13 chain 16 chain
8 chain 10 chain
370
4038
All dimensions in mm.
Fig. 3.14.3(a) Commercial tapered chain stoppers ( Tridente ).

Page 110
3.14.4 Siemens Stopper.
The Siemens stopper is intended for stoppering off armored ocean cables and grapnel rope.
Figure 3.14.4 shows the construction of a Siemens stopper.
Swaged
sleeves
7/16, 6 x 19
Strands
IPS wire rope
Swaged
sleeve
12 120 typ
Breaking strength 7/16, 6 x 19 IPS wire rope - 16540 lbf.
Fig. 3.14.4(a) Siemens stopper.

Page 111
Page 112
3.15 Cable Stopper Chain Assemblies.
The cable stopper chain assemblies are used to connect cable stoppers to deck padeyes and
carry stopping off loads. Figure 3.15(a) shoes the construction of cable stopper chain
assemblies. The nominal length of 96 inches can be altered to suit working deck layout.
Large end links
Coupling links
Common links
96
E C
C
F
Trade Common Weight Work

size links Coupling links Large end links total load
inch inch inch inch lbs limit
lbf
C C D E F C D E F
1-1/4 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-3/4 2 5 1-1/2 1-7/8 2-3/4 8 125 57500
1-1/2 1-1/2 1-5/8 2-1/8 2-3/8 6 1-3/4 2-1/8 3 9-1/2 190 87000
Fig. 3.15(a) Alloy chain assemblies - Cable stoppers.

Page 113
3.16 Swivels.
3.16.1 Miller Swivels.
Swivels are used in the grappling and mooring lines to allow rotation of the ropes and chains
to prevent hockling. Swivels of this type are designed for use underwater at all depths. Figure
3.16.1(a) shows the arrangement of a Miller swivel of the double clevis type and table
3.16,1(a) the dimensions and working loads. There are also clevis/eye, eye/eye and bullet (
rounded clevis/clevis ) types.
Table 3.16.1(a).
Dimensions, Weights and Loads for Miller Swivel, Clevis/Clevis Type.
Model Wire Work Safety Swivel

rope a b c d e f g h load factor weight
size lbf lb
A 1/8 7/8 2-3/8 3-1/8 3/8 1/4 1/4 3/16 13/32 1000 4:1 0.375
BB 1/4 1-5/16 3-1/2 4-3/8 7/16 5/16 3/8 3/8 9/16 1680 5:1 0.94
B 3/8 1-5/8 4-1/16 5-7/16 11/16 1/2 1/2 5/16 25/32 3360 5:1 2
C 1/2 2 6-1/4 8-3/32 15/16 3/4 3/4 3/8 1-3/16 6720 5:1 4.5
D 5/8 2-1/2 7-15/16 10-3/16 1-1/8 1 7/8 9/16 1-9/16 11200 5:1 9.5
EE 3/4 3 9-3/8 12-5/16 1- 11/32 1-9/16 1-3/16 17/32 2-3/32 19040 5:1 15.25
GG 1 4 14 17-1/2 1-3/4 1-3/4 1-1/2 13/16 3-1/2 33600 5:1 40
HH 1-1/2 5 15-15/16 20-11/16 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-1/32 1-1/8 3-11/16 78400 5:1 78
I 6 20-1/16 26-1/16 3 2-1/2 2-1/4 1-1/4 4 100800 4:1 146
JJ 7 20-15/16 27-15/16 3-1/2 3 2-17/32 1-1/2 4-1/2 134400 4:1 207
K 8 24 32 4 3-1/2 3-1/32 1-3/4 5 168000 4:1 300
KK 10 32-3/8 43-3/8 5-1/2 4-1/16 4-1/16 2 6-3/4 224000 4:1 692

Page 114
Clevis cap e g
f
b
c
a
Clevis shank
Fig. 3.16.1(a) Miller swivel - Clevis/clevis.

Page 115
3.16.2 Ball Bearing Swivel.
Swivels are used in the grappling and mooring lines to allow rotation of the ropes and chains
to prevent hockling. Swivels of this type are designed for use underwater at all depths. Figure
3.16.2(a) shows the arrangement of a Tridente swivel.
D L
Maximum For chain Dimensions mm. Weight

Code load size approx.
Tonnes mm. L D Kg.
SKI/SKL - 7/8-8 2.0 7.8 77/77 45 0.6
SKI/SKL - 10-8 3.2 10 95/95 57 1.2
SKI/SKL - 13-8 5.4 13 118/121 73 2.1
SKI/SKL - 16-8 8.0 16 130/127 88 4.6
SKI/SKL - 18/20-8 12.5 19 152/152 104 6.4
Fig. 3.16.2(a) Ball bearing swivel - Tridente.

Page 116

Ocean Cable Engineering Handbook - Vol10 Compiled by Ian S. Coote

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Neither Ian S. Coote, or any of his associates

2. Ocean Cable Data. 2

3. Cable Handling Equipment. 51

3.7.5 Gifford Grapnel. 69

2.2.2(a) Transmission characteristics of 0.041/0.130 wet-core 5

2.2.2(b) Transmission characteristics of 0.057/0.180 wet-core 7

2.2.2(c) Cross section of 0.057/0.180, 4 quad deep sea armor 8

2.3.2(a) SB coaxial ocean cable attenuation and characteristic 12

2.3.2(b) SB coaxial ocean cable, type H. 13

2.3.2(b) SB coaxial ocean cable, type A. 13

2.3.3(a) 0.128/0.460 coaxial ocean cable, attenuation and characer- 16

2.4.2(a) SD coaxial ocean cable, attenuation and characteristic 20

2.4.2(b) SD coaxial ocean cable, List 1. 21

2.4.2(c) SD coaxial ocean cable, List 3A. 21

2.4.3(a) SF coaxial ocean cable, List 1. 24

2.4.4(a) SG coaxial ocean cable, attenuation vs. frequency. 27

2.4.4(b) SG coaxial ocean cable, List 1. 28

2.4.4(b) SG coaxial ocean cable, Transition cable. 28

2.4.4(d) SG coaxial ocean cable, List 3. 29

2.4.5(a) 0.99 lightweight coaxial ocean cable, attenuation vs. 31

2.4.6(a) 1.47 lightweight coaxial ocean cable, attenuation vs. 33

2.4.6(b) 1.47 lightweight coaxial ocean cable - deep sea type. 34

2.5.2(a) 0.057/0.180 caged armor coaxial ocean cable, attenuation 38

2.5.2(b) 0.057/0.180 caged armor coaxial ocean cable - deep 39

2.5.3(a) 0.128/0.460 caged armor coaxial ocean cable, attenuation 42

2.5.3(b) 0.128/0.460 caged armor coaxial ocean cable - deep 43

2.6.2(a) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type SL. 46

2.6.2(b) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type SA. 46

2.6.2(c) 21 mm optical fiber ocean cable, type RA. 47

2.6.3(a) OALC-7 optical fiber ocean cable, type SL. 50

2.6.3(a) OALC-7 optical fiber ocean cable, type SA. 50

3.2(a) Anchor, Mushroom, 1 cwt. 52

3.2(b) Anchor, Mushroom, 4 cwt. 52

3.3.1(a) Balloon buoys - Comparison of size of Balloon Buoys, rigged 54

3.3.1(b) Balloon buoys - construction details. 55

3.3.1(c) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 56

3.3.1(d) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 57

3.3.1(e) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 58

3.3.1(f) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 59

3.3.1(g) Balloon buoys - Construction details. 60

3.3.2(a) DLM 6 foot diameter cable buoy. 61

3.3.2(b) DLM 9 foot diameter cable buoy. 61

3.3.3(a) Telemark modular cable buoys. 62

3.4(a) Buoy slip hook - Davey pattern. 63

3.5(a) Cutter, velocity power - General arrangement. 65

3.6.1(a) Balloon floats, double nylon and rubber. 66

3.6.2(a) 10 inch dia. spherical glass float with hard hat. 67

3.6.3(a) Inflatable float - Nylon and polyurethane. 68

3.7.2(a) Batfish grapnel - General arrangement. 70

3.7.2(b) Batfish grapnel - Components. 71

3.7.3(a) 5-prong round bottom common grapnel - General arrangement. 72

3.7.3(b) 5-prong round bottom common grapnel - construction. 73

3.7.4(a) Flatfish grapnel - General arrangement. 74

3.7.4(b) Flatfish grapnel - Component details. 75

3.7.4(c) Flatfish grapnel - Component details. 76

3.7.5(a) Gifford grapnels, chain joining link pattern - General 77

3.7.5(b) Gifford grapnel, 30 ton, chain joining link pattern, - 78

3.7.6(a) Jamming grapnel ( SD List 1 ) - General arrangement. 79

3.7.6(b) Jamming grapnel ( SD List 1 ) - Hook construction details. 80

3.7.7(a) Rennies grapnel - 30 ton and 50 ton - General arrangement. 81

3.7.7(b) Rennies grapnel - 30 ton and 50 ton - Construction details. 82