NAME : ELLA PRIMA ASRI DOFITA

NIM : 1614201091

EMBRIOLOGY AND ITS PROBLEMS

ABORTION

Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside
the uterus. An abortion which occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage. An abortion
may be caused purposely and is then called an induced abortion, or less frequently, "induced
miscarriage". The word abortion is often used to mean only induced abortions. A similar
procedure after the fetus could potentially survive outside the womb is known as a "late
termination of pregnancy".

When allowed by local law, abortion in the developed world is one of the safest procedures in
medicine. Modern methods use medication or surgery for abortions. The drug mifepristone in
combination with prostaglandin appears to be as safe and effective as surgery during the first and
second trimester of pregnancy. Birth control, such as the pill or intrauterine devices, can be used
immediately following abortion. When performed legally and safely, induced abortions do not
increase the risk of long-term mental or physical problems. In contrast, unsafe abortions cause
47,000 deaths and 5 million hospital admissions each year. The World Health Organization
recommends safe and legal abortions be available to all women.

Around 56 million abortions occur each year in the world, with a little under half done unsafely.
Abortion rates changed little between 2003 and 2008, before which they decreased for at least
two decades as access to family planning and birth control increased. As of 2008, 40% of the
world's women had access to legal abortions without limits as to reason. Countries that permit
abortions have different limits on how late in pregnancy abortion is allowed.

Since ancient times, abortions have been done using herbal medicines, sharp tools, with force, or
through other traditional methods. Abortion laws and cultural or religious views of abortions are
different around the world. In some areas abortion is legal only in specific cases such as rape,
problems with the fetus, poverty, risk to a woman's health, or incest. In many places there is
much debate over the moral, ethical, and legal issues of abortion. Those who oppose abortion
often maintain that an embryo or fetus is a human with a right to life and may compare abortion
to murder. Those who favor the legality of abortion often hold that a woman has a right to make
decisions about her own body.
 PENGGUGURAN KANDUNGAN (ABORSI)

Pengguguran kandungan atau aborsi (bahasa Latin: abortus) adalah berakhirnya kehamilan
dengan dikeluarkannya janin (fetus) atau embrio sebelum memiliki kemampuan untuk bertahan
hidup di luar rahim, sehingga mengakibatkan kematiannya. Aborsi yang terjadi secara spontan
disebut juga "keguguran". Aborsi yang dilakukan secara sengaja seringkali disebut "aborsi
induksi" atau "abortus provokatus". Kata aborsi umumnya hanya digunakan dalam pengertian
abortus provokatus. Prosedur serupa yang dilakukan setelah janin berpotensi untuk bertahan
hidup di luar rahim juga dikenal dengan sebutan "aborsi tahap akhir".

Dikatakan bahwa aborsi di negara-negara maju yang mengizinkannya merupakan salah satu
prosedur medis yang paling aman dalam bidang kedokteran. Metode-metode modern
memanfaatkan obat atau bedah dalam pelaksanaan aborsi. Obat mifepriston dikombinasikan
dengan prostaglandin kemungkinan sama aman dan efektifnya dengan bedah selama trimester
pertama dan kedua kehamilan. Pengaturan kelahiran, seperti pil atau alat intrauterin, mungkin
saja digunakan segera setelah aborsi. Dilaporkan bahwa abortus provokatus, jika dilakukan
secara aman dan legal, tidak meningkatkan risiko terkait masalah fisik ataupun mental pada
jangka panjang. Sebaliknya, aborsi yang tidak aman mengakibatkan 47.000 kematian dan 5 juta
kasus perawatan di rumah sakit setiap tahunnya. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia merekomendasikan
tersedianya aborsi yang aman dan legal bagi semua wanita.

Sekitar 56 juta aborsi terjadi setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia, dengan hampir setengahnya
dilakukan secara tidak aman. Angka atau tingkat aborsi hanya berubah sedikit antara tahun 2003
dan 2008, setelah sebelumnya mengalami penurunan selama setidaknya dua dasawarsa karena
meningkatnya akses atas pengendalian kelahiran dan keluarga berencana. Pada tahun 2008, 40%
wanita di seluruh dunia memiliki akses untuk melakukan aborsi secara legal tanpa batasan
tertentu sebagai alasan. Setiap negara yang mengizinkan aborsi memiliki batasan berbeda
mengenai seberapa terlambat aborsi kehamilan diperbolehkan.

Sejak zaman kuno, aborsi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan obat-obatan herbal, benda-benda
tajam, dengan paksaan, atau juga metode-metode tradisional lainnya. Terdapat perbedaan hukum
aborsi dan pandangan agama ataupun budaya di seluruh dunia. Di beberapa wilayah hukum,
aborsi dilegalkan dalam kasus tertentu seperti pemerkosaan, masalah pada janin, kemiskinan,
risiko pada kesehatan sang ibu, ataupun inses. Di berbagai daerah di dunia terjadi banyak
perdebatan terkait isu moral, etika, dan hukum dalam hal aborsi. Mereka yang menentang aborsi
umumnya bersikukuh bahwa embrio ataupun janin adalah seorang pribadi manusia dengan hak
untuk hidup dan mereka menyamakan aborsi dengan pembunuhan. Sedangkan mereka yang
mendukung legalitas aborsi umumnya berpandangan bahwa seorang wanita memiliki hak untuk
mengambil keputusan atas tubuhnya sendiri.
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Active Passive
Modern methods use medication or surgery for The word abortion is often used to mean only
abortions induced abortions
(simple present tense) (simple present tense)
Around 56 million abortions occur each year in Abortion rates changed little between 2003 and
the world, with a little under half done unsafely 2008, before which they decreased for at least two
(simple present tense) decades as access to family planning and birth
control increased
(simple present tense)
Abortion laws and cultural or religious views of Countries that permit abortions have different
abortions are different around the world limits on how late in pregnancy abortion is allowed
(simple present tense) (simple present tense)
In some areas abortion is legal only in specific Since ancient times, abortions have been done
cases such as rape, problems with the fetus, using herbal medicines, sharp tools, with force, or
poverty, risk to a woman's health, or incest through other traditional methods
(simple present tense) (present perfect)
Those who oppose abortion often maintain that An abortion which occurs spontaneously is also
an embryo or fetus is a human with a right to known as a miscarriage
life and may compare abortion to murder (simple present tense)
(simple present tense)
The drug mifepristone in combination with An abortion which occurs spontaneously is also
prostaglandin appears to be as safe and effective known as a miscarriage
as surgery during the first and second trimester (simple present tense)
of pregnancy
(simple present tense)
A similar procedure after the fetus could potentially
survive outside the womb is known as a "late
termination of pregnancy"
(simple present tense)
Birth control, such as the pill or intrauterine
devices, can be used immediately following
abortion
(will/can/have/must/have to etc.)

SENTENCES CONSTRUCTION

Subject / Verb 1 /Verb be / Have been/ Verb 3 / Can / Compliment

Active Passive
Modern methods use medication or The word abortion is often used to
surgery for abortions mean only induced abortions
(simple present tense) (simple present tense)
Around 56 million abortions occur each Abortion rates changed little between
year in the world, with a little under half 2003 and 2008, before which they
done unsafely decreased for at least two decades as
(simple present tense) access to family planning and birth
control increased
(simple present tense)
Abortion laws and cultural or religious Countries that permit abortions have
views of abortions are different around different limits on how late in pregnancy
the world abortion is allowed
(simple present tense) (simple present tense)
In some areas abortion is legal only in Since ancient times, abortions have
specific cases such as rape, problems been done using herbal medicines,
with the fetus, poverty, risk to a sharp tools, with force, or through other
woman's health, or incest traditional methods
(simple present tense) (present perfect)
Those who oppose abortion often An abortion which occurs
maintain that an embryo or fetus is a spontaneously is also known as a
human with a right to life and may miscarriage
compare abortion to murder (simple present tense)
(simple present tense)
The drug mifepristone in combination An abortion which occurs
with prostaglandin appears to be as safe spontaneously is also known as a
and effective as surgery during the first miscarriage
and second trimester of pregnancy (simple present tense)
(simple present tense)
A similar procedure after the fetus could
potentially survive outside the womb is
known as a "late termination of
pregnancy"
(simple present tense)
Birth control, such as the pill or
intrauterine devices, can be used
immediately following abortion
(will/can/have/must/have to etc.)