Biology 1081, Exam 2 Section 012

Friday, October 17th, 2014

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questions

35. Cholesterol functions in the plasma

membrane to 39. The movement of the hydrophobic gas,
A. serve as an energy molecule. nitrous oxide (N2O) (laughing gas) into a cell
B. maintain fluidity. is an example of
C. mediate steroid action. A. osmosis.
D. maintain hypertension. B. diffusion across the lipid bilayer.
C. facilitated diffusion.
36. Which of these are not embedded in the D. active transport.
hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer at all?
A. Transmembrane proteins 40. The force driving simple diffusion is
B. Glycoproteins _____, while the energy source for active
C. Integrins transport is _____.
D. Peripheral proteins A. transmembrane pump; electron transport
B. the concentration gradient; ADP
37. For the following question, match the C. phosphorylated protein carriers; ATP
labeled component of the cell membrane in D. the concentration gradient; ATP
the figure with its description. Which
component is a microfilament of the 41. If a blood research laboratory is attempting
cytoskeleton? to collect the content of human red blood
cells, the researchers should use which of the
following types of solutions to cause blood
cell lysis (bursting)?
A. Hyperosmotic B. Isosmotic
C. Hypoosmotic D. Osmotic

42. Cell-walled organisms cannot carry out

A. exocytosis. B. active transport.
C. diffusion. D. endocytosis.

43. A chemical reaction in which the products

contain less energy than the _______ will tend
to proceed spontaneously.
A. reactants B. enzymes
A. A B. B C. C C. coenzymes D. substrates
D. D E. E
44. Which of the following statements is true
38. Which of the following is a characteristic concerning catabolic pathways?
feature of a carrier protein in a plasma A. They build up complex molecules such as
membrane? protein from simpler compounds.
A. It exhibits specificity for a particular type B. They supply energy, primarily in the form
of molecule. of ATP, for the cells work.
B. It requires the expenditure of cellular C. They are endergonic.
energy to function. D. They combine molecules into more energy-
C. It has no hydrophobic regions. rich molecules.
D. It works against diffusion.
45. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
simply states that

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A. energy cannot be created or destroyed, just
changed from one form to another.
B. disorder (or entropy) in the universe is
continually increasing.
C. energy is constantly being created in the
universe.
D. energy can be created but not destroyed.
46. Free energy is the amount of energy
available for the cell to carry out its many
chemical processes. It is the difference
between the internal energy or enthalpy and
______ or disorder.
A. free energy B. entropy
C. chaos D. heat
47. The specificity of an enzyme is due to its
active site. The active site is shaped so that
only a certain
A. substrate molecule can fit into it.
B. product molecule can fit into it.
C. reactant molecule can fit into it.
D. cofactor molecule can fit into it.
48. The ability of an enzyme to catalyze a
reaction is not affected by
A. temperature.
B. pH.
C. binding of specific regulatory molecules.
D. excess cofactor.
49. A molecule that closely resembles the
shape of a substrate for an enzyme might serve
as a (n)
A. enzyme.
B. allosteric regulator.
C. competitive inhibitor.
D. noncompetitive inhibitor.
50. The molecule that functions as the
reducing agent in a redox or oxidation-
reduction reaction
A. gains electrons and gains potential energy.
B. gains electrons and loses potential energy.
C. loses electrons and loses potential energy.
D. loses electrons and gains potential energy.
51. The inorganic non-protein components
that participate in enzyme catalysis are known
as
A. coenzymes. B. cofactors.
C. reactants. D. substrates.
52. After getting off the ski lift, you choose a
trail that requires you to ski up a small incline
before beginning the downward section of the
trail. In this scenario, the hill is analogous to
A. free energy. B. potential energy.
C. kinetic energy. D. activation energy.
53. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during
which of the following stages of cellular
respiration?
A. Fermentation and glycolysis.
B. Glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to
acetyl CoA.
C. The citric acid cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation.
D. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and
the citric acid cycle.
54. In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct
source of energy that is used to convert ADP +
inorganic phosphate group to ATP?
A. Energy released from dehydration synthesis
reactions.
B. Energy released from substrate-level
phosphorylation.
C. Energy released as electrons flow through
the electron transport system.
D. Energy released from movement of protons
through ATP synthase, down their
electrochemical gradient.
55. The primary role of oxygen in cellular
respiration is to
A. combine with carbon, forming CO2.
B. act as an acceptor for electrons and
hydrogen, forming water.
C. combine with lactate, forming pyruvate.
D. catalyze the reactions of glycolysis.
56. Simple molecules are further broken down
in cells in a process called _________, during
which energy stored in their chemical bonds is
used to power the production of ATP.
A. photosynthesis B. anabolism
C. respiration D. muscle contraction
57. Which of the following statements about
fermentation is false?
A. The recipient of hydrogen atoms is an
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organic molecule.
B. Water is not one of the by-products.
C. The Krebs cycle and electron transfer
system do not occur.
D. Cells can only undergo one type of
fermentation.
58. The electron transport chain consists of all
of the following except
A. NADH dehydrogenase.
B. oxygenase.
C. cytochrome c oxidase.
D. ubiquinone Q.
59. Which of the following molecules does
not cross the inner membrane of the
mitochondria?
A. ATP B. Acetyl-CoA
C. Pyruvate D. Oxygen
60. In alcohol fermentation, NAD+ is
regenerated from NADH by
A. oxidation of ethanol to acetyl CoA.
B. reduction of ethanol to pyruvate.
C. reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol.
D. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
61. High levels of citrate in the cell would
result in which of the following?
A. Inhibition of phosphofructokinase and the
slowing down of glycolysis.
B. Inhibition of citrate synthase and the
slowing down of glycolysis.
C. Inhibition of phosphofructokinase and the
slowing down of the Krebs cycle.
D. Inhibition of citrate synthase and the
slowing down of the Krebs cycle.
62. When oxygen is released as a result of
photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of
A. the electron transfer system of photosystem
II.
B. the electron transfer system of photosystem
I.
C. chemiosmosis.
D. splitting water molecules.
Last name:______________________________ First name:_____________________________
UCID:___________________________
63. In the thylakoid membranes, what is the
main role of the pigment molecules in a light-
harvesting complex?
A. Transfer light energy to the reaction-center
chlorophyll.
B. Concentrate photons within the stomata.
C. Transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then
NADPH.
D. Synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic
phosphate group.
64. Which of the events listed below occurs in
the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A. Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-
center chlorophyll a.
B. Carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.
C. NADP is produced.
D. NADPH is reduced to NADP+.
65. CAM plants keep stomata closed in
daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can
do this because they
A. fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll
cells.
B. use the enzyme phosphofructokinase,
which outcompetes rubisco for CO2.
C. use photosystem I and photosystem II at
night.
D. fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.
66. The connection between carrots and vision
is that the -carotene of carrots can produce
two molecules of vitamin A and oxidation of
vitamin A produces a pigment used in
vertebrate vision. This pigment's name is
A. chlorophyll. B. ferredoxin.
C. cytochrome. D. retinal.
67. In which part of the chloroplasts are the
Calvin cycle enzymes located?
A. Stroma B. Thylakoids
C. Envelope D. Cristae
68. One of the disadvantages of the C4
pathway is that it requires
A. more O2. B. more NADPH.
C. more light. D. more ATP.
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69. Draw a picture of a plasma membrane, labeling the types of molecules present, the functions of
each, and their arrangement within the membrane. So long as your drawing had the major
components that we discussed in class and the learning outcomes, then you will receive full credit:
phospholipid bilayer, glycoprotein, glycolipid, cholesterol, integral protein, transport protein or
protein channel, phospholipid molecule, and peripherial protein. If youre close, then you will receive
partial credit. Excellent job to each of you!!

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