AP United States Politics and Government Name:______________________________

Bureaucracy Test

Instructions: Choose the best answer and mark it on your ScanTron Answer Sheet.

1. The__________isaformoforganizationthatdeliversgoodsandservicesatthelowestcostthrough
specializationofjobs,closesupervisionofemployees,anduniformregulationsandprocedures.

a.administration
b.bureaucracy
c.cabinet
d.civilservice
e.irontriangle

2. Whatarethefourbroadtypesofdepartmentsandagenciesforwhichfederalemployeeswork?

a.federaldepartments,statedepartments,independentagencies,andindependentregulatorycommissions
b.departments,cabinets,independentagencies,andindependentregulatorycommissions
c.departments,administrations,independentagencies,andindependentregulatorycommissions
d.departments,independentstand-aloneagencies,independentregulatorycommissions,andgovernment
corporations
e.federaldepartments,statedepartments,agencies,andgovernmentcorporations

3. Whichofthefollowingisanongovernmentalorganizationthatseekstoinfluencepublicpolicythrough
researchandeducation?

a.citizenactiongroup
b.thinktank
c.special-interestgroup
d.politicalparty
e.independentregulatorycommission

4. Underthespoilssystem,whowasawardedjobsinthefederalbureaucracy?

a.thosewhoscoredhighestonaptitudetests
b.thosewhodidnotaffiliatewithapoliticalparty
c.thosewhopreviouslyservedinthemilitary
d.thosewhopreviouslyheldelectedoffice
e.thosewhohelpedcandidateswinelection

5. __________arerulescreatedbygovernmentagenciesthatdeterminehowlawsareimplemented.

a.Policies
b.Procedures
c.Regulations
d.Standards
e.Statutes







6. Whichlawdesignatesthestepsthatfederalagenciesmustfollowinissuingrulesandregulations?

a.theAdministrativeProcedureAct
b.theFreedomofInformationAct
c.theHatchAct
d.thePendletonAct
e.thePrivacyAct

7. Thelargestorganizationalunitinthefederalbureaucracyisa(n)__________.

a.agency
b.bureau
c.commission
d.corporation
e.department

8. __________referstotheauthorityofadministratorsinthefederalbureaucracytomakechoicesconcerning
thebestwaytoimplementpolicies.

a.Adjudication
b.AdministrativeDiscretion
c.Divisionoflabor
d.Independence
e.Rule-making

9. Cabinetsecretariesareappointedby__________andconfirmedby__________.

a.thepresident;theSenate
b.thepresident;theHouseofRepresentatives
c.thepresident;theSupremeCourt
d.theSenate;thepresident
e.theHouseofRepresentatives;theSupremeCourt

10. Whatisimplementation?

a.theprocessbywhichalaworpolicyisputintopractice
b.thedevelopmentofrulesgoverningtheoperationofagovernmentprogram
c.asetofproceduresexecutivebranchagenciesmustfollowwhenissuingrules
d.theprocessbywhichgovernmentagenciessettlelegaldisputes
e.asetofrulesenforcinggovernmentagreementswithprivatecontractors

11. TheHatchActprohibitsfederalemployeesfromengaginginwhatactivity?

a.adjudicatinglegaldisputes
b.exercisingadministrativediscretion
c.runningforelectedoffice
d.refusingtoimplementlawspassedbyCongress
e.ignoringthedirectivesofthepresident






12. OnwhatbasisarepeoplehiredtobepartoftheSeniorExecutiveService?

a.theirloyaltytothepresident
b.theirpartyaffiliation
c.theirlengthofserviceingovernment
d.theirexperienceininternationaldiplomacy
e.theirleadershipandmanagementskills

13. Whatisuncontrollablespending?

a.theportionofthefederalbudgetspentonpreviouslyenactedprograms
b.spendingsubjecttoyearlyincreasesorcutsbyCongressandthepresident
c.theportionofthefederalbudgetcontrolledprimarilybythefederalbureaucracy
d.theportionofthefederalbudgetcontrolledprimarilybylobbyists
e.atermusedtodescribeincreasingbudgetdeficits

14. HowdoesCongressexercisecontroloveragenciesanddepartmentsinthefederalbureaucracy?

a.byissuingexecutiveorders
b.byissuingreportsthroughtheOfficeofManagementandBudget
c.bynominatingappointeestokeypositionsinfederalagencies
d.byconfirmingappointeestokeypositionsinfederalagencies
e.byconfirmingappointeestokeyjudicialpositions

15. Whichofthefollowingpresentsdifficultiesatthebeginningofthepolicyprocesswhenassumptionsaboutthe
problemhavetobemade?

a.Muchdebateisrequiredbeforetheproblemcanbedefinedandthenextstageoftheprocess,decidingona
toolforsolvingit,canbeentered.
b.Thisfirststagerequiresmakingassumptionsaboutthefuture,whichisdifficultevenintheshortterm.
c.Manydecisionshavetobemadeabouthowtoact,howmuchtodo,andwhowilldoit.
d.Special-interestgroupsallcompetetohavetheirviewbecometheviewthatisadopted.
e.Thisfirststagerequiresdefiningtheproblemclearlyenoughtodeterminehowmuchmoneywillbeneeded
forasolution.

16. Before1883,howweregovernmentjobsawarded?

a.Jobswereawardedbasedonapplicantsexpertise.
b.Jobswereawardedbasedonapplicantspersonalwealth.
c.Jobswereawardedbasedonapplicantsperformanceonentranceexams.
d.Jobswereawardedbasedonapplicantsloyaltytothepartyinpower.
e.Jobswereawardedthroughalotterysystem.

17. Whichofthefollowingisafunctionofdepartmentsandagencieswithinthefederalbureaucracy?

a.issuingexecutiveorders
b.issuingexecutiveagreements
c.implementingpublicpolicies
d.reviewingcourtdecisions
e.draftinglegislation

18. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofadistributivepolicy?

a.SocialSecurity
b.welfareprogram
c.HeadStart
d.job-trainingprogram
e.foodstamps

19. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofagovernmentcorporation?

a.theFoodandDrugAdministration
b.theFederalElectionsCommission
c.Amtrak
d.theOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration
e.theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency

20. Federalpoliciesthatreducebenefitsforallgroups,oftenbyimposingregulationsortaxesthatgovern
everyone,richorpoor,arecalled__________policies.

a.reversedistributive
b.nondecision
c.redistributive
d.distributive
e.public

21. Whatarethethreesidesofanirontriangle?

a.afederaldepartmentoragency,thepresident,andasetofinterestgroups
b.afederaldepartmentoragency,asetofinterestgroups,andaHouseand/orSenatecommittee
c.asetofinterestgroups,aHouseand/orSenatecommittee,andapublicopiniongroup
d.afederaldepartmentoragency,aHouseand/orSenatecommittee,andthepresident
e.aHouseand/orSenatecommittee,asetofinterestgroups,andasetofcampaigncontributors

22. Whichstatementbestdescribeswhatpoliticalscientistscallanondecisioninthepublicpolicyprocess?

a.Thepolicyproblemwasbasedonafalseassumption.
b.Theprocessstopsbeforefinalaction.
c.Theprocessiscompletedbutpolicyisneverimplemented.
d.Nopolicyproblemisidentified.
e.Theprocessdoesnotbegin.

23. WhatroleistheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencytakingwhenitsetslimitsonairpollutionfrompower
plants?

a.regulation
b.adjudication
c.intervention
d.oversight
e.deliberation


24. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanentitlementprogram?

a.studentloans
b.Medicare
c.highwayconstruction
d.healthresearch
e.defense

25. Whatphenomenonisillustratedbyasuddenspikeinpublicconcernaboutglobalwarmingfollowedbya
gradualfadingoftheissuefromthecenterofpublicandgovernmentalattention?

a.thepublicpolicyprocess
b.theissueattentioncycle
c.incrementalpolicychange
d.thepowerofirontriangles
e.azero-sumgame

26. Howdodepartmentsdifferfromindependentagencies?

a.Departmentheadsareappointedbythepresident;agencyheadsarenot.
b.Agencyheadsarepartofthepresidentscabinet;departmentheadsarenot.
c.Departmentheadsarepartofthepresidentscabinet;agencyheadsarenot.
d.Departmentscoverawiderrangeoffunctionsthanagencies.
e.Agenciesaretypicallylargerthanandincludeseveraldepartments.

27. Howdogovernmentcorporationsdifferfromprivatecompanies?

a.Governmentcorporationsperformactivitiesthatprivatecompaniescannot.
b.Governmentcorporationscannotborrowmoney,whereasprivatecompaniescan.
c.Governmentcorporationscannotsellstock,whereasprivatecompaniescan.
d.Governmentcorporationscanborrowmoney,whereasprivatecompaniescannot.
e.Governmentcorporationsneedlessgovernmentoversightthanprivatecompanies.

28. Howdoindependentregulatorycommissionsdifferfromindependentagencies?

a.Independentregulatorycommissionsaresubjecttopresidentialoversight.
b.Commissionerscanbemoreeasilyremovedfromofficethanagencyheads.
c.Commissionersaremoredifficulttoremovefromofficethanagencyheads.
d.Commissionsengageinrule-making,whereasagenciesdonot.
e.Commissionsengageinenforcement,whereasagenciesdonot.

29. WhatwasthepurposeoftheHatchAct?

a.toprohibitfederalemployeesfromengaginginpartisanpoliticalactivity
b.topromotetransparencyinthefederalbureaucracy
c.tolimitcongressionalcontrolofthefederalbureaucracy
d.toprohibitawardinggovernmentjobsbasedonpartisanloyalty
e.toauthorizegreateruseofdiscretioninbureaucraticdecision-making


30. Whichofthefollowingwouldbeanexampleofaredistributivepolicy?

a.anincreaseindefensespendingtobuildmoreships
b.animprovementprogramfornationalparks
c.aneducationalprogramforpoorminorityhighschoolstudents
d.aneducationalprogramtoprovideadditionaltrainingforairtrafficcontrollers
e.fundingtobuildanewcross-countryinterstate

31. WhatadvantagedoCabinetdepartmentshaveoverotherorganizationsinthefederalbureaucracy?

a.Cabinetdepartmentsmayoperateindependentlyfromthepresidency.
b.Cabinetofficerscannotbefiredaseasilyasotherbureaucrats.
c.Cabinetdepartmentstypicallyhavelargerbudgets.
d.Cabinetdepartmentsaremoreisolatedandprotectedfrompartisanpolitics.
e.Cabinetdepartmentrule-makingisnotsubjecttotheAdministrativeProcedureAct.

32. Whichofthefollowingwasaconsequenceofthespoils,orpatronage,system?

a.Thefederalbureaucracywasstaffedwithpeoplewholackedexpertise.
b.Therewaslowturnoverinthefederalbureaucracybetweenpresidentialadministrations.
c.Onlywealthypeoplecouldgetjobsinthefederalbureaucracy.
d.Therewaslessgovernmentcorruption.
e.Voterturnoutinpresidentialelectionsdecreased.

33. Underwhatcircumstancearebureaucratsmostlikelytoexercisediscretion?

a.whenanagencyiscreatingenvironmentalregulations
b.whenanagencyisundercongressionalinvestigation
c.whenanagencyisimplementingalawthatcontainsambiguity
d.whenanagencyiselevatedtothestatusofaCabinetdepartment
e.whenanagencyisproposinglegislation

34. WhywastheSeniorExecutiveServicecreated?

a.togivethepresidentgreaterflexibilityandmobilityinmanaginggovernment
b.togiveCongressgreatercontroloveragencybudgets
c.tomakefederalbureaucratsmoreaccountabletovoters
d.toreducetheinfluenceofinterestgroupsonagencydecision-making
e.toimprovecoordinationbetweenfederalagencies


35. Howdoesanirontriangleworkincreatingchangeinpublicpolicy?

a.MembersofCongressprotecttheirconstituenciesandinterestgroups;constituenciesreelectthe
congressionalrepresentativesandgivemoneytointerestgroups;andinterestgroupssupportmembersof
Congressandtheirconstituencies.
b.InterestgroupsprovidefundstomembersofCongressandtheirconstituencies,whointurnpressurethe
presidenttopushthroughpoliciestheinterestgroupswant,atwhichpointconstituencieswillgivetheir
economicsupporttointerestgroups.
c.MembersofCongressprotectagenciesandinterestgroups;agenciesgivespecialservicestointerestgroups
andcongressionalrepresentativesconstituencies;andinterestgroupssupportmembersofCongressand
agencies.
d.Agenciessupplyservicestothepublicandinreturnthepublicsupportsagencyactivities,whichputs
pressureonCongresstopasslawsinfavoroftheagencies.
e.MembersofCongressfromthesamepoliticalpartyasthepresidentsupportthepresidentspoliciesand
protectagenciesthatdothesame;inreturn,theagencieshelpbothwhenelectiontimecomesaround.

36. Whatisanothernameforaredistributivepolicy?

a.Win-LosePolicy
b.WinlessPolicy
c.Zero-SumGames
d.SocialistPolicy
e.Win-LoseGames

37. Entitlementprogramsareanexampleofwhattypeofspending?

a.LimitlessSpending
b.UncontrollableSpending
c.LimitedSpending
d.ControlledSpending
e.DiscretionarySpending

38. Afundamentalsourceofpowerforthefederalbureaucracyliesinits

a. Roleinmovinglegislationoutofsubcommittees
b. Roleinmediatinginterstateconflicts
c. AbilitytoconvinceCongresstofundmostprojectsitsupports
d. Abilitytomobilizepublicopinioninsupportoflegislativeinitiatives
e. AbilitytosetspecificguidelinesafterreceivingageneralmandatefromCongress

39. AllofthefollowingareincludedinthestandarddefinitionofbureaucracyEXCEPT:

a. hierarchicalorganization
b. standardoperatingprocedures
c. patronage
d. specializedtasks
e. formalrules

40. Thisistheofficialrecordofwhatthefederalbureaucracydoes:

a. RuleRegister
b. FederalRegister
c. BureaucraticRegister
d. BookofBureaucraticLegislation
e. TheFederalReserve