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ETH Zrich, Rmistrasse 101, 8092 Zrich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch
http://www.e-periodica.ch Some Indian Examples of Large Quelques exemples de structure Beispiele einiger weitgespannter
A. RAMAKRISHNA Member of the Board Larsen & Toubro Ltd Madras, India 102 INDIAN LARGE SPAN B
1. HOUSE OF WORSHIP - LOTUS TEMPLE
The temples of Bahai faith are well know
Mother Temple constructed in Delhi is only a
The temple complex, consists of the main
houses the reeeption centre, the library an toilet block. The temple proper comprises a plumbing Services and a lotus shaped supers
All around the lotus are walkways with beau
which Surround the nine pools representing serving an obvious aesthetic funetion, the po building (Fig. 1) A. RAMAKR
radial beams provides protection from rain an
auditorium.
Below the entrance leaves and outer leaves ris
each one of which is a row of steps leading into
The inner leaves enclose the interior dorne,
canopy made of criss crossing ribs and Shells o intricate pattern. When viewed from inside each layer of Shells and ribs, as they rise disappears behind ihe next lower layer. Som of the ribs converge radially and meet at central hub. The radial beams emanating from the inner leaves described earlier, meet at th centre of the building and rest on this hub. A neoprene pd is provided between the radia beams and the top of the interior dorne to allow lateral movement caused by the effect o temperature changes and wind (Fig. 2)
1.1 Materials:
The petals of the lotus are in white concrete
104 INDIAN LARGE SPAN BU
The auditorium and balcony, arranged in an
1500.
An interesting design feature of the auditori
concrete compression ring having a height of auditorium floor level and connected with columns/circumferential beams and compres curved Shells form the roof of the auditoriu balcony roof (Fig. 3).
***** J*-
;; |f^ A. RAMAKR
cove 1.5 1
The centr balco anne party elect cooli audit
3. AIR HANGAR FOR INDIAN AIRLINES, BO
The new Engineering Complex of Indian Airlin
hangar which is being extended to accommod long cantilever folded plate roof of the hanga structure. There was a requirement for expan aircraft. Hence the cantilever scheme was ch which hinder free lateral expansion are requir available for the aircraft is 12,000 sq.m in the e is added within the fll w 106 INDIAN LARGE SPAN B
about 9'm centres help in retention of geome
loads.
3.2 Construction of the roof:
The construction of the thin folded plate e
considerable challenge for construction. Th follows: Construction of P.C.C/R.C.C base o Erection of Staging and shuttering fo Casting of roof in the central and c by designer. Casting of pylons and ties Prestressing the ties Decentering Shifting Staging to next four folds an A. RAMAKR
Each compartment contains a reading room, c
upper gallery is made of 323 pre- cast pre-stre of 206 pre-cast reinforced concrete Hyperbo lighting, gaps have been left between the roof fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) materials. The p varying in length from 12m to 15m with a w High tensile wires of 7 mm dia were used adopted
The brac 2feg a st :' The =:: ; - :::-W: A ft- -m "lilf lowe ;>'; -. topp serv K&T^ iTr *, com Hfr=:; R Eac .; acco 108 INDIAN LARGE SPAN B
es 8 *'
WO" '
Jtv'"'^ ; A. RAMAKR
cumbersome scaffolding and Staging work was
the ground level.
6. PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE LA
There are many examples of structures buil
concrete and precast concrete. Some of thes described hereunder:
6.1 Storage Structures with Sheet Roofing over
For fertilizer plants in Goa and Tuticorin Pre
economical Solution. "A" frames of nearly 40m inclined legs and one triangulr piece welded t point near the point of contraflexure. S advantageously utilised for the "A" frames to supporting asbestos sheet roofing with particl board consisted of precast concrete trussed o angle shaped purlins with a thickness of 5 cm 110 INDIAN LARGE SPAN BU
hauled inside the building above the conve
derricks two at the column grid and one at t trusses were used for hoisting. After hoisti made to rest on hydraulic jacks placed ove cables of 3m length were introduced in the upper end of the lower chord. The central j were stressed and grouted. Central jack was m as a Single piece. The roof purlins and br average erection cycle of 10 days per bay wa
6.3 Storage Structures with Concrete Roof:
The 55m span 250m long silo at Jagdis
uses a catenary arch as the main struct System and is 250 m long. The roofing Sy consists of precast "I" shaped arch units ca three pieces and Channel slabs of 1.5 m w and 8m length. The foundation is a continu raft with pedestal to support the arches sp at 8m centre to centre. The beams suppo the conveyor and the walkway slabs supported on frames suspended from arch u The entire structure above ground level i A. RAMAKR
Totally 32 Nos. prestressing cables of 7 mm
formed the reinforcement in the HP shell. Thi mm dia at 150mm centres formed the non pre cast in a concrete mould with top surface of th mesh reinforcement in high strength concr carborundum stone and finished with bees wa end beams of the mould were made in reinfor transferring the force. These beams help clos facilitate steam curing. In a 24 hour cycle o achieved with two moulds. For vibrating the rails on the longitudinal beams of the moulds the concrete during casting (Fig. 14)
For th Limite wide roof. north of the The l made shell folded horizo shutte 112 INDIAN LARGE SPAN BUILDING STRUCTURES
CONCLUSION :
The innovative techniques and methods used for large span building structures above coupled with structural design concepts and speed has resulted in construction of elegant and economical structures. This has benefited the world of concrete to a large extent. The varieties of uses to which concrete has been put to for building of large span building structures in India are unique and the adaptations done are economical and pioneering in nature.
