CRANE SAFETY

SLINGS SAFETY
RIGGING OPERATIONS
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VERTICAL CHOKER BASKET

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 Factor of Safety
A factor of safety is applied to a rigging system after all
known loads and strengths have been considered.
It is intended to allow for unknown variability of
material, deterioration of equipment over time,
acceleration and other unforeseeable loads, and the
like.
The usual factor of safety is 5 (1 : 5)

The Breaking Strength

Factor of safety = --------------------------------------------
Force to be applied

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 SAFE WORKING LOAD
CATALOGUE BREAKING STRENGTH OF ROPE
MAX. S.W.L. = ---------------------------------
FACTOR OF SAFETY

CATALOGUE BREAKING STRENGTH OF ROPE

= -------------------------
5

EXAMPLE: If the wire rope catalogue gives the breaking strength of

the rope as 10 tons, the maximum safe working load is
10 tons
Max. S.W.L. = = 2 tons
5

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Synthetic Web 7 : 1

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 SAFE WORKING LOAD
Rule of Thumb of Computing Rope S.W.L.
S.W.L. = Rope Diameter x Rope Diameter x 8

EXAMPLE:
(a) 1/2 inch diameter rope
SWL = 1/2 x 1/2 x 8 = 2 tons
(b) 5/8 inch diameter rope
SWL = 5/8 x 5/8 x 8 = 3.125 tons
(c) I inch diameter rope
SWL = 1 x 1 x 8 = 8 tons
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 Rigging Equipment Slings
Types of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope,
metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and
synthetic web.

Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic

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 Sling Inspection
Inspect slings:
Each day before use
Where service conditions
warrant
Remove them from service if
damaged or defective

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 Alloy Steel Chains
Adapts to shape of the load
Can damage by sudden
shocks
Best choice for hoisting very
hot materials
When one link in a chain fails,
the load will come down.
Must have an affixed tag
stating size, grade, rated
capacity, and sling
manufacturer

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Identification Tag

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 Markings
Alloy Steel Chain

It must be marked with grade or manufacturer's mark

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 Marking

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 Inspection of Chain
Must be visually inspected prior to use.
Pay special attention to any stretching
(any elongation from the original length.
The diameter of the worn chain link should
be measured at the point of the greatest
wear and compare with minimum
allowable diameters in tables.

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Unsuitable Alloy Steel Chain
Attachments

Right Wrong

Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift

fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or
other such attachments, cant be used
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 Wire Rope Slings
Used to hoist materials
Wire
Core
Selection considerations:
strength Center

ability to bend without

cracking Strand
ability to withstand abrasive
wear Wire rope

ability to withstand abuse

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Elements of Wire Rope

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 6 x 25 Wire Rope
Each strand
contains 25
wires
6 Strands

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 Inspections
Each day before use, the sling, all
fastenings and attachments must be
inspected by a competent person

Additional inspections performed during

use, where conditions warrant

Damaged slings must be removed from

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 Wire Rope Slings
Remove From Service
If these happen, remove the wire rope sling from service

Bird Caging Kinking

Crushing
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Remove From Service

Immediately remove damaged or

defective slings from service
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At Least 2 wires wraps on the Drum

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 Lubrication

Regularly lubricate ropes and chains

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 Synthetic Web Sling
Markings

Mark or code to
show:
Name or trademark
of manufacturer
Rated capacities for
the type of hitch
Type of material

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 Synthetic Web Slings
Fittings
Fittings must be:
At least as strong
as that of the sling
Free of sharp
edges that could
damage the
webbing

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 Synthetic Web Sling
Stitching

Stitching

Stitching is the only method allowed to attach

end fittings to webbing, or to form eyes

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 Synthetic Web Slings -
Remove from Service
Remove from service if
any of these are present:
Acid or caustic burns
Melting or charring of
any part
Snags, punctures, tears
or cuts
Broken or worn stitches
Heat Damage
Distortion of fittings

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 Cuts

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Sling Configurations

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