Determination of Hydrostatic Pressure

and Forces on Water Trough

1.Objective:
To experimentally validate the calculations for hydrostatic pressure and
forces on water trough.

2.Apparatus:
Figure (1) shows schematic of the pressure apparatus where:
1- Water vessel 5- Water level scale
2- Detent 6- Rider
3- Slider 7- Weight hanger + Weights
4- Stop pin 8- Handles
3.Theory:
With the apparatus, we will be able to measure the resultant force acting on
the surfaces.
The measurement process will involve balancing moment about a fulcrum.
The first moment is produced by a set of weight Fmass attached to a lever arm
Lmass.
The opposing moment is produced by the resultant force FR acting at a lever
arm Lp (to be calculated).

.
4.Procedure:
Make sure the apparatus is in a perfectly horizontal setting using the provided
water scale.
Also, make sure the water vessel is empty from any residual water.
Before commencing with the experiment, we need to measure the dimensions
of water trough (inner and outer radius, width).
A) Calibration:
1- Tilt the water vessel to the desired angle using the detent.
2- Place the rider and the weight hanger to appropriate lever (L1)
3- Rotate the slider forward and backward until equilibrium is established
.i.e. the stop pin is exactly in the middle of the hole and the above water scale
is in balance
4- Record the result moment (Mcal) as the weight of weight hanger (1N) times
the lever (L1)

B) Balancing of Filled Water Vessel:

5- Start pouring water into the water vessel to the desired water level, Notice
the change in the stop pin and the above water scale
6- Place an appropriate weight on the weight hanger so as to equilibrium is
regained, slide the rider to change the lever as well

7- Record all necessary information (weight, lever, lowest water level,

highest water level, etc.) in the prepared worksheet
8- The new moment is the new weight times lever minus Mcal
9-Incliene water vessel (50) with y-axis , Repeat steps from 1 to 8 for angle
(40)
10-Repeat steps from 5 to 9 for new water level at theta (90&40)

5.Calculation of Hydrostatic Force on The Outer

Surface:
At vertical setting, to calculate the hydrostatic force on the outer curved
surface at arbitrary water level height h, we can first calculate the hydrostatic
force due to water enclosed by the outer surface and vertical plane surface (of
height h) and then subtract it by the hydrostatic force due to water enclosed
by the inner surface and subset of the vertical plane surface (of height 20-h)
as shown in the figure below
 The resultant hydrostatic force on the outer curved surface due to water at level height h (C) can be
calculated as the resultant hydrostatic force at (A) minus the resultant hydrostatic force at (B)

Weight Calculation:
To calculate the weight of the water W1 and W2, we need the volume of the
water at both cases, we use scaled millimeter container.
V1= 920 mm3 V2= 1310 mm3

Height #1= 100

Angle #1= 90

mm Water
Lowest Highest Water Water Calculated Resultant Calculated
Level Level Level Lever Force Moment
0 100 100 166.67 2.38N 56.6Ncm
mm
Appended weight Lever arm Moment

2N 28.3 cm 39.6 Ncm

Height #2= 140 mm

Lowest Water Highest Water Water Calculated Resultant Calculated
Level Level Level Lever Force Moment
0 140 140 159.2m 5.4 N 102.4 Ncm
m
Appended weight Lever arm Moment

4N 25.65 cm 85.4 Ncm

 Height #1= 100
Angle #2= 50
mm Water
Lowest Highest Water Water Calculated Resultant Calculated
Level Level Level Lever Force Moment
71 218 147 152mm 7N 143Ncm
Appended weight Lever arm Moment

5.5N 26 cm 109 Ncm

Height #2= 140 mm

Lowest Water Highest Water Water Calculated Resultant Calculated
Level Level Level Lever Force Moment
76 268 192 146.4m 11.04N 195.75Ncm
m
Appended weight Lever arm Moment

7.5N 26.1 cm 161.75 Ncm

Analytical Results: -
at angle #1(height1=100mm)

fr1 = g h1 A = 1000 * 9.81* 0.05 * 0.075 * 0.1 = 3.67 N

at angle #1(height2=140mm):

FR2 = g h2 A = 1000 * 9.81* 0.09 * 0.075 * 0.1 = 6.6 N

At angle #2(height#1):

FR3 = g h3 A = 1000 * 9.81* 0.115 * 0.075 * 0.1 = 8.5 N

At angle #2(height#2):
P4 = g h4 A = 1000 * 9.81* 0.16 * 0.075 * 0.1 = 11.772 N
 Practical Results: Analytical Results: -
Angle#1 F1= 2.38N Fr 1= 3.67 N

height#
1
Angle#1 F2= 5.4N Fr 2= 6.6 N

height#
2
Angle#2 F3= 7N Fr3=8.5 N

height#
1
Angle#2 F2= 11.04N Fr4=11.772 N

height#
2