PROJECT

ON
DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF A TOW STOREY BUILDING

Amin Sadiqi
Mohammad Hossain Adeli
Rahmatullah turabi
Feredoon nasratzadah

Supervisor: Mrs: Pinaki Prasam

Department of civil engineering

Sharda University

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

1
 We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our respected
and learned guide Mrs. Pinaki Prasam for her valuable guidance. We are
also thankful for her timely encouragement given in completing the
project. We are also grateful to respected Prof. Satya Prakash, HOD
(Department of Civil Engineering) Sharda University, for permitting us to
utilize all the necessary facilities of the institution. We are also thankful to
all other staff members of our department for their kind co-operation and
help. Lastly, we would like to express our deep appreciation towards our
classmates and family members for providing us the much needed kind
support and encouragement.
Thank You

2
 CONTENTS

AKNOWLEDGEMENT ..... (2)

INTRODUCTION / RESIDENTIAL BUILDING . (6)
MINIMUM FLOOR AREA AND HEIGHT OF ROOMS /
GROUND FLOOR (TWO UNITS) ..
(7)
FIRST FLOOR (ONE UNIT) / SECOND FLOOR (TWO UNITS) BUILDING BYE
LAWS AND REGULATIONS. (8)
ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS / LIVING ROOM / BED ROOM / ORIENTATION
SOLAR HEAT.. (9)
WIND DIRECTION / HUMIDITY / RAIN FALL / INTENSITY OF WIND SITE
CONDITION / LIGHTINGS & VENTILATION
(10)
ESTIMATION & SPICIFICATION GROUND FLOOR PLAN.
(11)
FIRST FLOOR PLAN / SECOND FLOOR PLAN ..
(12)
3D OF SECOND FLOOR PLAN / RCC / PLASTERING / FLOORING WORKS &
RATE..
(13)
TOILET AND BATHROOM / PLAMBING / PAINTING & COLOUR / WOOD
WORKS / STAIRCASE / ELECTRICALS .
(14)
BED ROOM DETAILS / HALL DETAILS /BATHROOM / ADDITIONAL WORK /
USAGE OF MATERIALS ..
(15)
MODE OF PAYMENT / ESTIMATION / GROUND FLOOR ..
(16)
FIRST FLOOR / SECOND FLOOR ...
(17) OTHER FACILITIES / APPROXIMATE AMOUNT TO BUILD /
FOUNDATION.(18) DEPTH OF FOUNDATION FOOTING / WIDTH OF
FOUNDATION / FOOTINGS DIFFERENT PROCESSES IN FOUNDATION
WORK ..(19) PRECAUTIONS WHILE DESIGNING

3
 FOUNDATION / RATIO OF CEMENT CONCRETE AND MORTAR FOR
FOUNDATION / SOIL HAVING SAFE BEARING CAPACITY / PRECAUTIONS
DURING EXCAVTION OF FOUNDATION WORK..
.... (20) PROJECT OVERVIEW /
EFFECTIVE SPAN / STIFFNESS / LOADS /
ANALYSIS. ..
(21)
REFERENCE.....
(22)

4
 LIST OF TABLE AND
FIGURE
TABLES
1. TABLE
1
(7)
2. TABLE
2
(8)
3. TABLE
3
(8)
4. TABLE
4
(16)
5. TABLE
5
(17)
6. TABLE
6
... (17)
7. TABLE
7
(18)
8. TABLE
8
... (18)

FIGURES

5
 1. FIGURE
1
.. (11)
2. FIGURE
2
.. (11)
3. FIGURE
3
... (12)
4. FIGURE
4
(12)
5. FIGURE
5
(13)

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this project is to design and estimation of a Multistory Building
(G+2) for residential purpose, taking earthquake load into consideration.
Multistory buildings are very commonly seen in cities. Constructions of

6
such buildings are possible only by going to a set of rigidly interconnected
beams and column. These rigidly interconnected beams and columns of
multi bay and multistoried are called Buildings frames. To avoid long
distance of travel, cities are growing vertically rather than horizontally. In
other words multistory buildings are preferred in cities. Building laws of
many cities permits construction of ground plus three storey buildings
without lifts. The loads from walls and beams are transformed to beams,
rotation of beams take place. Since, beams are rigidly connected to
column, the rotation of column also take place. Thus any load applied any
where on beam is shared by entire network of beam and columns.

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Requirement for residential accommodation are different for different
classes of people and depends on the income and status of the individual
a highly rich family with require a luxurious building, while a poor man we
satisfied with a single room house for even poor class family.
A standard residential building of bungalow type with has drawing room,
dining room office room, guest room, kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing
room, bath room, front verandah, stair etc., for other house the number of
rooms may be reduced according to the requirements of many available.

MINIMUM FLOOR AREA AND HEIGHT OF ROOMS

7
GROUND FLOOR (TWO UNITS)
MIN. DEPTH OF FOUNDATION 2.68 (ft)
MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH 2.5 (ft)
DAMP PROOF COURSE (2 cm to 2.5cm)
ITEMS L (ft) B (ft) AREA (sq.ft) H (ft)
BEDROOM 1 10 14 140 10
BEDROOM 2 10 10.5 105 10

BEDROOM 3 8 10 80 10
BEDROOM -4 12 10 120 10
DRAWING ROOM - 1 18 16 288 10
DRAWING ROOM 2 15 10 150 10

DINNING HALL 9 8 72 10
KITCHEN 1 6 9.5 57 10

KITCHEN 2 6 6 36 10
TOILET 1 4 9.5 38 10

TOILET 2 8 3.5 28 10

TOILET 3 10 5 50 10
TOILET 4 12 3.5 42 10
PARKING 18.5 16 296 10
SHOP 1 9 10 90 10
SHOP 2 9 10 90 10
SHOP -3 9 10 90 10

Table 1

FIRST FLOOR (ONE UNIT)

DESCRIPTION L (ft) B (ft) AREA H (ft)
(sq.ft)

8
THICKNESS OF WALL (1ft) 10
BEDROOM 12 14 1168 10
DRAWING + DINING 14 24.2 338.8 10
ROOM
KITCHEN 12 10 120 10
TOILET 6 11 66 10
STAIRCASE 9 16 144 10

Table 2

SECOND FLOOR (TWO UNITS)

DESCRIPTION L (ft) B AREA (sq.ft) H (ft)
(ft)
BED ROOM 14 14 196 10
DRAWING ROOM 14.5 11.4 165.3 10
DINNING HALL 13.4 11.4 152.76 10
KITCHEN 12.5 14 175 10
TOILET 6 14 84 10
STAIRCASE 9 16 144 10

Table 3
BUILDING BYE LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Line of building frontage and minimum plot sizes.
Open spaces around residential building.
Minimum standard dimensions of building elements.
Provisions for lighting and ventilation.
Provisions for safety from explosion.
Provisions for means of access.
Provisions for drainage and sanitation.
Provisions for safety of works against hazards.
Requirements for off-street parking spaces.
Requirements for landscaping.
Special requirements for low income housing.

ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS

9
 LIVING ROOM
DINNING HALL
BEDROOM + (TOILET)
KITCHEN

LIVING ROOMS
This is the area is for general use. Hence the living & drawing room should
be planned near the entrance south east aspects. During colder day the
sun is towards the south & will receive sunshine which is a welcoming
feature. During summer sunshine the northern side & entry of sunrays
from southern or south east aspects do not arise.

BED ROOM
Bed may also be provided with attached toilets, there size depends upon
the number of beds, they should be located so as to give privacy & should
accommodate beds, chair, cupboard, etc., and they should have north or
west south west aspect.

ORIENTATION
After having selected the site, the next step is proper orientation of
building. Orientation means proper placement of rooms in relation to sun,
wind, rain, topography and outlook and at the same time providing a
convenient access both to the street and back yard.
The factors that effect orientation most are as follows.
Solar heat
Wind direction
Humidity
Rain fall
Intensity of wind site condition
Lightings and ventilation

SOLAR HEAT
Solar heat means suns heat, the building should receive maximum solar
radiation in winter and minimum in summer. For evaluation of solar
radiation, it is essential to know the duration of sunshine and hourly solar
intensity on exposed surfaces.

10
WIND DIRECTION
The winds in winter are avoided and are in summer, they are accepted in
the house to the maximum extent.

HUMIDITY
High humidity which is common phenomenon is in coastal areas, causes
perspiration, which is very uncomfortable condition from the human body
and causes more discomfort.

RAIN FALL
Direction and intensity of rainfall effects the drainage of the site and
building and hence, it is very important from orientation point of view.

INTENSITY OF WIND
Intensity of wind in hilly regions is high and as such window openings of
comparatively small size are recommended in such regions.

SITE CONDITIONS
Location of site in rural areas, suburban areas or urban areas also effects
orientation, sometimes to achieve maximum benefits, the building has to
be oriented in a particular direction.

LIGHTING
Good lighting is necessary for all buildings and three primary aims. The
first is to promote the work or other activities carried on within the
building. The second is to promote the safety of people using the
buildings. The third is to create, in conjunction to interest and of well
beings.

VENTILATION
Ventilation may be defined as the system of supplying or removing air by
natural or mechanical mean or from any enclosed space to create and
maintain comfortable conditions. Operation of building and location to
windows helps in providing proper ventilation. A sensation of comfort,
reduction in humidity, removal of heat, supply of oxygen are the basic
requirements in ventilation apart from reduction of dust.

11
Estimation and specification
DRAWING
1. Ground floor plan

Figure 1
3D view of ground floor

12
2. First floor plan

Figure 3
3. Second floor plan

13
 Figure 4

3D view of second floor

SPECIFICATION OF BUILIDING

Figure 5

R.C.C WORKS
R.C.C. 1:2:4 beams roof slab lintel sunshine, loft and cupboard etc..,

PLASTERING WORKS
a. Internal: 1:3 in cm ceiling 1:4 with superfine smooth finish.
b. External: in 1:4 normal finish

FLOORING WORKS
Tiles flooring in hall , dining room, bed room and kitchen Rs . 50/

Rate / square feet. (Including laying charge)

Bathroom: flooring in grip tiles Rs.30/ worth each sq.ft

14
Bathroom walls: 7 feet glassed tiles Rs. 30/ worth each sq.ft
Kitchen walls: 4 feet from kitchen top Rs. 30/ worth each sq.ft

TOILET AND BATH ROOM:

a. Shower and wall mixer arrangements for attached both rooms with
geyser point.
b. For common toilet shower and single tap only.
c. Wash basin in dining/bath room @ rs.1000/-

PLUMBING WORK
a. P.V.C pipes and C.P fittings bathrooms and kitchen
b. Indian closet, shower sets, taps brand name: waterman
c. Drainage and rain water pipes using P.V.C pipes 4

PAINTING & COLOUR WORKS

a. One coat of primer and two coats of synthetic enamel paints on all
wood Work and grills
b. One coat suitable primer and two coat ace for outer walls
c. One coat suitable primer and two coats tractor emulsion for inner
walls

WOOD WORKS
a. Entrance of the main door in teak wood without design with
varnish finish (Frame size 4 x 3) with martis lock @ 1,200/-
b. Bed room padak farme & flush doors (frame size 4 x 2.5)
c. Bathrooms PVS doors for toilets (single panel)
d. Windows patak frame and panels in padak . MS grill and glazed
e. Windows with enamel paint (frame size 4 x 2.5)

STIARCASE : M.S. grill G.I pipe

ELECTRICALS
Good materials and concealed wiring cooper for lights,
Fans and lamps and 15ams points with switches boards. (Without fitting
meter) with wooden switch boxes closing with sandax sheet & 1 D.B box
providing for 1 portion
Point details kitchen 5A 2Nos
Light point 1No
Exhaust fan point 1No
Fan point 1No
Power point 2Nos (15 A combined socket)

15
BEDROOM DETAILS
2 way point 2NO
Fan point 2 NO
Tube light point 2NO
A/C, point in one bed room 1 NO
Night lamp point 1NO
Wall ceiling point 1 NO
Sockets 4 NO
Night lamp point 1 NO(Wall down)

HALL DETAILS
Fan point 2 no
Show light point 2 no
Calling bell point 1no
15 amps point 2 no
Socket 4 no
Telephone socket 1 no
5a t.v. point 1 no
Night lamp point 1 no (wall down)

BATHROOM
Geyser point 15a 1no
Light point 1 no
Wash basin light point 1no
Only for point laying. (Not for accessories like light, fan, etc.,)

ADDITIONAL WORK
Low roof , septic tank, compound wall, water sump, water tank, water tank
slab, extra floor in outside, elevation, main board items, EB lines deposit,
EB line cable , bore well, wall motor all are charged extra from market
rate.

USAGE OF MATERIALS

1. Cement Coro Mandal (or )ultra tech

2. Steel ISI TMT rods
3. Wood teak

16
 4. Plumbing basic water man fittings parry ware
water Closet
5. Electrical wires are in orbit
6. Painting Asian paints

MODE OF PAYMENT

1. ADVANCE 10%
2. UPTO LINTEL LEVEL-15%
3. ROOF LEVEL-20%
4. PLASTERING- 15%
5. PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL WORK 15%
6. BEFORE HANDING OVER- 5%

ESTIMATION
ROOM SIZE AND APPROXIMATE COST OF THE BUILDING
Residential building with two storey with covered car parking. This
approximate cost is planned as per the current market rate in the year of
2016 in India.

GROUND FLOOR

DESCRIPTION LENGTH BREATH AREA

(ft) (ft) (sq.ft)
PARKING 18.5 16 296
BEDROOM 1 10 10.5 105
BEDROOR 2 10 14 140
BEDROOM 3 8 10 80
BEDROOM 4 12 10 120
TOILET 1 10 5 50
SHOP NO.1 10 9 90
SHOP NO.2 10 9 90
SHOP NO.3 10 9 90
KITCHEN 1 6 9.5 57
KITCHEN 2 6 6 36
LIVING+DININGROOM 18 16 288

17
DINNINGHALL 9 10 90
SRAIRCASE 9 16 144
TOILET 6 4.5 27
TOTAL AREA COVERED 1,703
Table 4

FIRST FLOOR

DESCRIPTION LENGTH BREATH AREA

(ft) (ft) (sq.ft)
BED ROOM -1 11 16 176
BED ROOM -2 16 288
LIVING ROOM-1
LIVING ROOM-2 11 15 165
KITCHEN-1
KITCHEN-2
DINING HALL-1 11 10 110
DINING HALL-2 11 15 165
TOILET-1
TOILET-2 8 5.25 42
TOTAL AREA COVERED

Table 5

SECOND FLOOR

DESCRIPTION LENGTH BREATH AREA

(ft) (ft) (sq.ft)
BED ROOM -1 14 14 196
BED ROOM -2 14 14 196
LIVING ROOM-1 14.5 11.4 165.3
LIVING ROOM-2 14.5 11.4 165.3
KITCHEN-1 12.5 14 175
KITCHEN-2 12.5 14 175
DINING HALL-1 13.4 11.4 152.76
DINING HALL-2 13.4 11.4 152.76
TOILET-1 6 14 84

18
TOILET-2 6 14 84
TOTAL AREA COVERED
1,546.12
Table 6

OTHER FACILITIES

DESCRIPTION QTY CAPACITY

UNDER GROUND WATER TANK lit 1000
OVER HEADWATER TANK lit 500
SEPTIC TANK lit 700
Table 7

APPROXIMATE AMOUNT TO BUILD

DESCRIPTION UNIT RATE AREA AMOUNT

TOTAL AREA sq.ft 3249
1600 5198400
UNDER GROUND WATER TANK lit 20 800 16000
OVER HEADWATER TANK lit 22 500 11000
SEPTIC TANK lit 18 700 12600
TOTAL AMOUNT IN RUPEES
5,238000.00
Table 8

Foundation
Foundation is the part of structure below plinth level up to the soil. It is in
direct contact of soil and transmits load of super structure to soil.
Generally it is below the ground level. If some part of foundation is above
ground level, it is also covered with earth filling. This portion of structure
is not in contact of air, light etc, or to say that it is the hidden part of the
structure.

19
In this project the foundation type is raft or mat foundation, the
foundation will be lay over 80 cm depth with 100 cm breadth. The
thickness of the wall is 30 cm. Brick walls are constructed by joining bricks
with cement mortar and this type of brickwork is called English Bond.
There is no shear wall work in this project. Concrete grade used for the
construction M25, grade of concrete for slab is restricted to M20.
Reinforcement bar is not used more than 25mm dia, stirrups used not
more than 10 mm dia. Height of ground floor to first floor is 10.5 (ft), and
Height of one slab to other slab is 10 (ft).

Depth of Foundation
Depth of foundation depends on following factors.
1. Availability of adequate bearing capacity
2. Depth of shrinkage and swelling in case of clayey soils, due to seasonal
changes which
may cause appreciable movements.
3. Depth of frost penetration in case of fine sand and silt.
4. Possibility of excavation close by
5. Depth of ground water table
6. Practical minimum depth of foundation should not be less than 50 cm.
to allow removal of
top soil and variations in ground level.
7. Hence the best recommended depth of foundation is from 1.00 meter
to 1.5 meter from original ground level.

Footing
Footing is a structure constructed in brick work, masonry or concrete
under the base of a wall or column for distributing the load over a large
area.

Width of Foundation/ Footings

The width of footings should be laid according to structural design. For
light loaded buildings such as houses, flats, school buildings etc having
not more than two storys, the width of foundation is given below.
1. The width of footing should not be less than 75 cm for one brick thick
wall.
2. The width of footing should not be less than 1 meter for one and half
brick wall.

20
Different Processes in Foundation Work
The processes executed in the foundation works are given below.
1. Excavation of earth work in trenches for foundation.
2. Laying out cement concrete.
3. Laying the footing in case of raft or column construction.
4. Laying Anti termite treatment.
5. Laying Brick work up to plinth level.
6. Laying Damp proof course on the walls.
7. Refilling of earth around the walls
8. Refilling of earth in the building portion up to the required height
according to plinth level.

Precautions while designing Foundation

A foundation should be designed to transmit combined dead load,
imposed load and wind load to the ground.
Net loading intensity of pressure coming on the soil should not
exceed the safe bearing capacity.
Foundation should be designed in such a way that settlement to the
ground is limited and uniform under whole of the building to avoid
damage to the structure.
Whole design of the foundation, super structure and characteristics
of the ground should be studied to obtain economy in construction
work.

Ratio of Cement Concrete and Mortar for Foundation

The cement concrete 1:8:16 is generally used in the foundation of
walls in construction work.
In case of column raft cement concrete 1:4:8 is the best
recommended ratio for it in the foundation.
For brick masonry cement mortar 1:4 to 1:6 is used as loading
condition.
In case of column and raft footings up to plinth level cement
concrete 1:2:4 or 1:1.5:3 are used.

21
Soil having Safe Bearing Capacity
Dry coarse and well graded dense sand have maximum shear resistance
and maximum bearing capacity. In general submerged soil and clay have
less bearing capacity.

Precautions during Excavation of Foundation Work

The depth and width of foundation should be according to structural
design.
The depth of the foundation should not be less than 1 meter in case
the design is not available.
The length, width and depth of excavation should be checked with
the help of center line and level marked on the burjis.
The excavated material/ earth should be dumped at a distance of 1
meter from the edges.
Work should be done on dry soil.
Arrangement of water pump should be made for pumping out rain
water.
The bottom layer of the foundation should be compacted.
There should be no soft places in foundation due to roots etc.
Any soft/ defective spots should be dug out and be filled with
concrete/ hard material

PROJECT OVERVIEW

EFFECTIVE SPAN
As per IS 456-2000, in the analysis of frames, the effective length of
members shall be center to center distance (clause 22.2 d)

STIFFNESS
For the analysis of frame, the relative stiffness values of various members
are required. IS 456-2000 clause suggests the relative stiffness of the
members may be based on the moment of inertia of the section.
The made shall be consistent for all the members of the structure
throughout analysis. It needs arriving at member sizes before designing.
The sizes are selected on the basis of architectural, economic and
structural considerations.

22
For Beams span to depth ratio preferred is 12 to 15. Width is kept (1/3) to
(1/2) of depth, but sometimes they are fixed on architectural
consideration.
Column sizes are to be selected on the basis of experience.
It is to be noted that in Multistory frames, columns of upper stories carry
less axial force but more moments, while columns of lower story carry
more axial loads and less moments.
Design can roughly estimate the axial load on lower story column and
arrive at sizes of the column.
Next two to three stories can have same size. Beyond that, sizes may be
reduced. Stiffness of member is given by (I/L).

LOADS
For Multistory frames Dead load, imposed load (live load), wind load and
earthquake loads are important for designing.
The IS code suggests following load combination to get designed loads:
1. 1.5DL + 1.5IL
2. 1.5DL + 1.5WL
3. 1.5DL + 1.5EL
4. 1.2DL + IL + 1.2WL
5. 1.2DL + IL + 1.2EL

ANALYSIS
It may be analyzed as a set of intersecting frames taking care of loads
from triangular pattern of loads from floors. However, IS 456-2000 (Clause
22.42) permits the analysis of frames by approximate methods like:
Portal method, cantilever method, Substitute frame method for Dead
loads, factor method for wind loads; to arrive at design moments, shear
and other forces.
We have adopted KANIS method for frame analysis.

REFERENCE
A.K. Jain, Advanced R.C.C. Design.
N. Krishna Raju, Reinforced Concrete Design.
S.S. Bhavikatti, Advanced R.C.C. Design.
IS 456-2000
www.nptel.com
www.Slideshare.com

23