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A Campact Ultra-wideband Antenna far Strake

Detectian
Yizhi Wu l , Mingsai Wang2 , and Sheng Ye 3
Engineering Research Center ofDigitized Textile & Apparel Technology,
College ofInformation Science and Technology,
Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R China
yz_wu@dhu.edu.cn l , wrnsI9910107@163.com2
0.02. The medium plate's length, width and thickness are
Abstract-Accordingto the requirements forthe antenna in expressed as L, Wand H, respectively. The top metallayer
the portable stroke imaging detection system, a miniaturized includes a semi-circular radiation patch which has a radius
ultra-wideband antenna unit is presented in this paper. The Rl of 19.61 mrn and a micro-strip feeder which has the
size of antenna is 40 x 40 x 0.6 mm 3 and measured working width, e, of 20.39 mm Asiender rectangular aperture is
frequency (Sn< -10 dB) is 1 GHz to 4 GHz. The fabricated
antenna is applied into the brain stroke detection experiment made on the semicircle on the radiation patch, and the size
using simplified brain model. The results showthe application of the gap is LI X Wl(0.l x I8) mrn2 . The bottom metal
feasibility ofthe antenna for stroke detection system. layer includes a semicircle grounding patch with radius, R2,
of 19.61 mrn and a ladder-like inter-coupling patch. The
I. INTRODUCTION
coupled patch is located belowin the radiation patch and it
Stroke is a comrnon disease among old people. There are consists of four rectangular patches in parallel. The
a lot of serious consequences, such as high incidence, high parameters ofthe antenna are shown in table I.
W
mortality and sudden explosion. Computed tomography WI

and magnetic resonance imaging are inconvenient and


tirne-consuming. The portable detection system which
integrates microwave imaging (MWI) technology could
rapidly and accurately evaluate the location ofthe stroke.
MWI systemhas the advantages ofsmalldamage, lowcost L
and portability. Thus, it is arousing great interest of the ,.,,- --"'-,..
"
researchers in the field of medical diagnosis [1-2]. , "
Micro-strip antennas which have simple configuration, /
" R2
\
small volume, light weight and ease of integration, ha ve ,I \
been widely used. But the bandwidth of micro-strip
antenna is not wide and the shortcomings also limit its
application in the field of microwave imaging. People Figure 1. Antenna configuration
study the various ways to expand the bandwidth of the
micro-strip antenna. A. M. A. Salemand and others
proposed a fan-shaped dipole ultra-wideband antenna,
which has the size of 20xl8 mm2 and the working
frequency of 2.8 GHz to 12.2 GHz [3]. H. Malekpoor used
multiple resonance points which are produced by adopting
E-shaped patch and reduced patch to expand the bandwidth
ofthe antenna. But the antenna structure is too complexto
process [4]. M. M. Islaml and others used four small ring
structures in the dipole antenna, with work frequency (a) Antenna I (b) Antenna2
effectively expanded to 3.65 - 11 GHz [5].

11. ANYENNA DESIGN

In the literature [6], cracks loaded semicircle patch IS


proposed to improve the bandwidth ofthe dipole antenna.
On this basis, this paper furtherstudied the semicircle patch
broadband characteristic of dipole antenna. The
configuration of the antenna is shown in figure 1. The
antenna consists ofthree layers structure and the middle
tier is medium plate. Both sides of the medium plate are (c) Antenna3 (d) Antenna 4
metal layer. The dielectric substrate is FR4 of which the
Figure 2. Antenna structure with different metal shapes
relative dielectric constant is 4.4 and the dielectric loss is

978-1-4673-8983-9/16/$31.00 20 16 IEEE
Table T dielectric constant. Meanwhile, simulation did not consider

a
Antenna parameters the effect ofwelding supply connectors.
Antenna Parameters The Values of
Parameters(mm) - 2
5
- 3
L 40 - 4
W 40 -10

H 0.6
LI 0.1
WI 18 -20

Rl 19.61
R2 19.61 -25

e 20.39 2 3 4
Frequency (GHz)
a 0.6 Figure 3. Simulated retlection coefficient curve ofthe antenna
b 12
c 16 -30
1]6
3D

d 20
1.52
i 4 60

j 6
k 8
When antenna IS workmg, the slgnalls feed from micra- -90

strip line, with two semicircle patches of both sides


together developing a dipole antenna. So the length ofthe
antenna is about ,101) Ce!! ' of which ,10 is working
wavelength in the vacuum and Ce!! is equivalent
-150 150
dielectric constant of medium plate. Theoretically, the -180
more wide the antenna is, the more expansion bandwidth
gets. So it can take equilibrium value between bandwidth Figure 4. Simulatedradiationpatternofantenna at f= 1.5 GHz and
and the area ofaperture. In order to analyzing the intluence Phi = 0 degree
ofloading bottom coupling patch and top metallayercrack
on the bandwidth of the antenna, four antennas with
different structure units are set up in figure 2. Antenna 1
is composed oftwo semicircular patches. Antenna 2 loads
s lender rectangular aperture on the upper patch layer of
antenna 1 by optimization. Antenna 3 loads coupling
patches on lower metallayer of antenna 1. Antenna 410ads
both aperture and coupled patch on the upper and lower
layers of antenna 1.
Simulating the overall structures in figure 2 on HFSS.
Fram figure 3, for antenna 1 which is only composed of
two semicircular patches, when the frequency is more than
Figure 5. Antenna entity
1 GHz, the reflection coefficient is less than -10 dB. While
in less than the low frequency of 1.0 GHz, the reflection
coefficient deteriorates to below -5 dB. Although the
reflection coefficient is worsening below 1.5 GHz for -8

Antenna 2, it's irnpraved when the reflection coefficient is ~ -10


more than 1.5 GHz. On Antenna 3, the performance r-I .12
between low frequency and high frequency are irnpraved, Vl

-14
but still poor performance in middle frequency. Reflection
coefficient of Antenna 4 is irnpraved within 3.5 GHz. -16

Figure 4 shows the gain of antenna at f = 1.5GHz and Phi -1 8

= 0 degree. The peak gain is 1.85 dB and the maximum -20 +-~---.-~-.---~---.-~-.---~---._
o 2 3
radiation direction is perpendicular to the patch. Frequency (GHz)
Figure 6. Reflection coefficient curve ofthe simulation andmeasu-ement
The fabricated antenna is shown in figure 5. Figure 6 is
the antenna reflection coefficient curve. The meas ured
III. ANTENNA PERFORMANCE VERlFICATION
results match the simulated results in an acceptable way.
The antenna operates in the 1 to 4 GHz frequency band. Strake detection systemlocates the position ofstrake by
The difference between the simulation and the using confocal algorithm, because there is obvious
meas urement mainly comes from limited machining difference of dielectric constant between the strake area
accuracy of antenna and the instability of FR4 material and the health area. First, the method radiates the imaging
area by UWB signal. Then the retlected and the scattering feasibility ofthe proposed antenna which could beused for
signal are received by the antenna. According to the stroke detection system Next, we will build more realistic
calculation of time delay of the antenna to the imaging models in the application of detection system
point, shifting phase compensation to the signal of the
antenna is processed. Finally all the signals are put together
to get the sumofthe impulse response ofimaging points.
The proposed algorithm can guarantee all signals in-phase
stacking in target location and in other pos itions signals
weaken each other due to coherence [7].
The microwave imaging system is built and the system
cOlnposition is shown in Figure 7. The antenna is deployed
around the object under test (OUT) and connected to the Figure 9. Simple model
vector network analyzer (VNA). The VNA is controlled by - 100

a computerthat is connected to a remote workstation. The .aJ


-00
experiment process is as folIows: The antenna radiates
-40
signal to the OUT. Then the area of different dielectric 20
constant inside the OUT pro duces scattering signal with
different phase and amplitude characteristics and the 20

retlection coefficient is recorded on the VNA. The


retlection coefficient is analyzed in order to calculate the 00
00
position of dielectric constant variation by using the
100
confocal algorithm - 100 Sl 51] 100

Figure 10. Experimental result

IV. CONCLUSION

According to the demands ofthe microwave imaging of


stroke waming system, a compact broadband antenna is
presented. The bandwidth of antenna is extended by
loading aperture and parasitic patch on the basis of the
Data Transfer Vector
semicircular patch antenna. The measured bandwidth of
pe Network
Remote Control the antenna with the retlection coefficient less than -10 dB
is 3 GHz. Combining with confocal algorithm, we further
Figure 7. Micro\Wve imaging system
test antenna to evaluate the performance of localizing the
specific object in homogeneous medium Results showthat
the feasibility of the antenna applied in the brain stroke
detection system The future work will include testing
detection perfonnance of antenna basing on the more
accurate head model.

V. REF ER EN CES
[I] Semenov, S., D. Corfield, "Micro\Wve tomography for brainimaging
Feasibility assessment for stroke detection," International.lmmalof
Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2008, No. 2008, pp.I--8.
[2] Fhager, A P. Hashemzadeh, andM. Persson,"ReconstructionqJa1ity
Figure 8. Simulation experiment system andspectral content ofan electromagnetictime domain inversion
algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vo153,
Simulation experiment system shows in figure 8. As No. 8, 1594-1604, Aug2006.
preliminary experimental verification, instead of the real [3] AhmedMostafaAhmedSalem, Shoukry 1. Shams, A MMAAllam,"
A miniaturized ultra wideband antenna with single tunable band-
brain, a simple simulation model is buiIt. A cylindrical notched characteristics," Proceedings of Asia P acific Micro\Wve
glass container with the radius of7.5 cm and the height of Conference, 201 O.
20 cm is filled with mixed vegetable oil as the OUT. A [4] Hossein Malekpoor, Shahrokh .Iam," Miniature asymmetricE-shaped
micro-strip patch antenna with folded-patch feed," IEfMicroWlves,
small cylindrical glass tube with the diameter of2.5 cm and Antennas & Pmpagation, 20 12.
the height of 20 cm is filled with water as the target area. [5] M.M. Islam, M. T. Islam, et al.," Omni-directional micro-strip
As shown in figure 9, the relative dielectric constant of monopole antenna for UWB micro\Wve imagingsy>tem,"IEEE2015
International Conference on Computer, Communication,andContml
mixed vegetableoil is about2 ~ 3 and water is ab out 100. Technology, 2015.
Figure 10 is dielectric constant distribution image ofthe [6] AM. Abbosh,"Miniaturization ofplanar ultra-wideband antennavia
OUT reconstructed by the confocal algorithm There is corrugation," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.
7,2008.
obvious difference between the dielectric constant of the [7] Y. Z. Wu, Y. B. Mao et al.," The experimental confocal MI sy>tem
location ofthe glass tube filling with water and that ofthe basing on SFCW," The International Conference on Intelligent
s urrounding area. The res ults preliminarily confrrm the Control andInformation Processing, 2015.

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