FORM TP 2015146) Aa [rest cove 02107010 oo MAY/UNE 2015 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION? BIOLOGY - UNIT 1 Paper 01 T hour 30 minutes 09 2015 (a.m) READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 1 hour and 30 minutes to answer them, 2. Inaddition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. 3. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this test. 4, Each itemin this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each it you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. 5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen, Look at the sample item below. Sample Item Which of the following metal atoms is present in a haemoglobin molecule? ‘Sample Answer (A) Calcium a) ® (B) Magnesium Soe (©) Copper @) Iron ‘The correct answer to this item is “Iron”, so (D) has been shaded. 6. Ifyou want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in your new choice. 7. When you are told to begin, tum the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can, Ifyou cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You may return to that item later. 8 You may do any rough work in this booklet. 9. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, 10. The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed, DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO So. Copyright © 2013 Caribbean Examinations Council. All rights reserved.-2- Pistiasiratiotes (water lettuce) is a rosette-like plant found floating in pondsand natural waterways. ‘Which of the following properties of water assists the plants to float? (A) () «) @) High cohesion High specific heat High latent heat of fasion High latent heat of vaporization ‘tem 2 refers to the following structures of two biological molecules. R! gg Nar ae H o R | a I ll HO 0 R, oO a eg ey 1 Which of the following combinations correctly describes the structure of molecules I and II? 1 1 (a) 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond _|2+-glucoseresidues joined byal A glycosidic bond (B) Z amino acids joined by a glycosidic bond [2 B-glucose residues joined by 2 4 peptide bond © 3 amino acids joined by 2 peptide bonds _ | 2P-glucoseresidues joined bya 1,4 glycosidic bond @) 3 amino acids joined by 2 glycosidic bonds | 2 4 plucose residues joined by a peptide bond 3. Sucrose is a good transport molecule as seen in phloem tissue because sucrose is a (a) (B) © @) disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules. disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose very reactive molecule chemically and therefore combines easily with water very soluble molecule and can therefore be moved efficiently in high concentrations 0210701 0/CAPE 2015 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEeye Item 4 refers to the following structures of some biological molecules, NH Z a Yi S CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH Oke ® ©, 0 5, HO—P—0—CH, 0. oF0H fax bid H/o II On On OH On 0 no 1 0 = C00 SS 9 “y HyC~ O- C-R HC= COO Led 2 HC- 0-C=R eo HyC+0-F-0 Ww } H,C- 0- C=’ m v 4, Which of the biological molecules forms the MAIN component of the cell membrane in animals? wot ® © wm © W 5. Which of the following biological molecules has both hydrogen and disulphide bonds? (ATP (B) DNA (© Insulin (D) Triglyceride GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107010/CAPE 201524s Item 6 refers to the following information. Students conduct the Benedict's test on four different clear solutions containing varying amounts ofa reducing sugar, The results, indicating the degree of colour change, are shown below. Clear Orange Red Yellow blue recipitate precipitate precipitate solution Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3 Solution 4 6. Which of the following combinations shows the correct sequence of the solutions, in ascending order, from the LEAST amount of reducing sugar to the MOST? Solutions @) 1 2 3 4 ®) 1 4 2 3 © 2 4 1 3 ©) 3 2 4 1 7. Which of the following is NOT likely to be A student's plan drawing of the TS of a seen in an electron micrograph of a plant dicotyledonousstem seen underlow power cell? is shown below. (A) Tonoplast (B) —_Ribosome © Centriole (©) — Golgi apparatus ‘The actual diameter of the stem is 10 mm. What is the magnification of the drawing? @ 5 B) 10 (C) 100 () 500 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107010/CAPE 20159. | 10. nL. ‘Which of the following combinations correctly identifies structures typical of a eukaryotic cell? Endoplasmic] Mitochondria] Nuclear Membrane | 70S Ribosome Reticulum (A) x v Vv x @) Vv v v x © a 7 x V ©) Y z v Bobby is given a tropical freshwater fish for his birthday. Experimenting with the fish, he places it in seawater and it dies. Which of the following statements MOST likely explains the reason for its death? (A) Water diffuses into the fish. (B) Water diffuses out of the fish. (C)__ ons diffuse from the fish to the seawater, (D) Less oxygen is in seawater than freshwater. Which of the following correctly describes the importance of cholesterol in a cell ‘membrane? (A) It interacts with fatty acid tails to exclude water. (B)__Itformschanneis in the membrane facilitating entry andexit of polar molecules. (©) It has branching carbohydrate chains which act as ide markers, (D) It enhances the flexibility and mechanical stability of the membrane. 02107010/CAPE 2015 12. Aplant cell is placed in Solution A, which hhas a lower water potential than the cell contents. ‘Which ofthe followingcombinations shows the MOST likely change in the cell and the cause of the change? Change Cause (A) [Becomes turgid. |Solution A moves into the cell. (B)_| Becomes turgid. | Water diffuses into cell, (C) | Becomes flaccid, | Water diffuses out of the cell, (D) [Becomes flaccid. | Solution A does not move into the cell. Item 13 refers to the following diagram. Outside ACARAAR S| AARACOAAAL |AAR UYU.) WYLYLULUUL| LLU aside 13. Which of the structures, A, B, C or D, is important for cell to cell recognition? GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE14. 15, 16. -6- Item 14 refers to the following graph which shows the effect of pH on the activity of enzymes. 1 nom Rate of reaetion 0123456789100 pH Pepsin is an enzyme found in the human alimentary system. Which of the above activity curves represents the action of pepsin? @ 1 ® wT «© tl @) W According to the endosymbiotic theory, organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria may have evolved from prokaryotic organisms. Which of the following is NOT line of evidence in support of this theory? (A) Many bacteria are similar in structure to eukaryotic nuclei. (B) Chloroplasts and mitochondria both contain DNA. (C) The average diameter of a chloroplast or mitochondrion is similar to that of @ bacterium. (D) Photosynthetic bacteria have their pigments located in membranes similar to chloroplasts. Which of the following is found in both DNA and transfer RNA? (A) Uracil (B) Ribose (C) Sugar phosphate backbone (D) Double helix structure GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE 02107010/CAPE 201517. In protein synthesis, which two of the ten 18rrefers to the following table which molecules illustrated below are involved ‘shows the codes and the matching amino in the process of transcription? acids. ‘ACC-thr, [UUA-teu [CUAteu [CCG-pro CGG-arg [CCA-pro [UAC [GGC-sly 18. Which of the following amino acid sequences would be produced from information coded onthe DNA strand shown below? ATGGCCAATGGCOGAT (A) leu-pro-tyr-gly-arg, (B) tyr-arg-teu-pro-leu (©) pro-gly-leu-thr-arg, () — tyr-arg-gly-prosleu a 1 19. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code? (A) Similar amino acids may have similar codons, (B) A triplet of bases codes for one amino acid in a polypeptide chain. u (©) One amino acid may be coded for ‘by more than one codon. (D) Each species has its own set of unique triplet codes. 20. The following diagram shows thestructure ofatRNA molecule. Which letter, A, B,C ‘or, indicates the position on the molecule where the amino acid would be attached? Fr a Cr (A) Landi (B) TandIv (© Wand mt O (BD) Mandtv c GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107010/CAPE 2015n. 22, 23, Which two of the following features are evident during mitosis? I. Two daughter nuclei containing identical sets of chromosomes. I. Homologous chromosomes come together and crossing over occurs. Four daughter nuclei containing half the number of chromo- 4 somes. TV. Homologouschromosomesdonot associate. (A) Land IT (B) LandIv 0 (©) Wand (D) MlandIV Which ofthe following isNOT true of most homologous chromosomes? (A) They are the same length, (B) They contain the same alleles. (©) They contain the same number of genes. (D) —Euchromatin and heterochromatin 26. bands are the same. Item 23 refers to the following diagram which shows 2 pair of homologous chromosomes, heterozygous for two gene loci, Aa and Bb. 27. Centromeres Region 1 ® v If crossing over takes place in Region 1, which of the followingalleles will segregate at Meiosis 1? () Afroma (B) froma © bfromb (DB) AfromA 02107010/CAPE 2015 Items 24-25 refer to the following information. Fur colour in mice is controlled by a of genes occupying different loci. represents the presence of colour, "Ww" represents albino. The allele for brown fur ig "A" and for black fur is "a". ‘The genotype wwAa is (A) brown (B) black (©) albino (D) grey ‘What is the phenotypic ratio of the F, from a cross between two F, with the genotype Wwaa? (A) 3 brown :4 black: (B) 3 brown: 9 black : 4 albino (©) 9 brown :3 black : 4 albino (D) 9 brown :4 black : 3 albino 9 albino A possible benefit of producing transgenic plants is (A) determination of human genome (B) improved human nutrition (C) increased use of pesticides (D) production of clones In the production of recombinant DNA, restriction enzymes are used to cut double stranded DNA molecules to form fragments. Which bonds are cut by these enzymes? (A) Peptide (8) Hydrogen (©) Phosphate (©) __ Nitrogen GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE28. 29, 30. “ge Which of the following is NOT one of 31. Darwin's observations about natural selection? (A) Thereisvariationamongindividuals ofa given species. (8) Organismsproduce more offspring than are needed to replace parents. (C) Natural populations tend toremain stable in size over long periods, () Populations consist of those A horticulturalist has bred a Hibiscus variety which bears violet flowers. Which method of propagation would be MOST appropriate for rapid production of a large number of clonal plants? (A) Seed (B) Cutting (C) | Fragmentation (©) Tissue culture ‘Which of the following occur in asexual (A) | Offspring are genetically the same and gametes are almost never (B) | Offspring are genctically the same and there is fusion of gametes. (©) | Gametes are never involved and offspring are genetically (D) | Gametes are never involved and there is fusion of haploid nuclei. ; 32, individuals best adapted to A existing environmental Hepetdietion: ONEY? conditions. ‘Mutations can have varying effects on an involved. organism depending on when it occurs, The occurrence of a mutation has the GREATEST effect during (A) cranslation different, (B)_—_ RNAsynthesis (©) DNAreplication (D) somatic cell formation 33. ‘Which type of isolation plays the MOST significant role in allopatric speciation? (A) Behavioural (B) Temporal (©) Feological (D) Geographical Which of the following terms is the MOST appropriate to describe a plant in which the anthers of the flower mature before the stigma? (A) Protandry (B) | Protogyny (©) | Monoecious (D) | Hermaphrodite 34 Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction is INCORRECT, either by its definition or its examples? 02107010/CAPE 2015 ‘Type of Reproduction Definition Examples (A) | Binary fission Splitting into two daughter cells of ‘Amoeba similar size Bacteria () [Fragmentation Splitting into several pieces, each of which | Flatworms regrows Spirogyra (©) | Budding Producing en outgrowth from the parent, | Hydra which breaks off and becomes a scparate | Yeast fungus individual (D) [Spore formation Producing small, ightweight spores, to assist | Hibiscus air dispersal Flamboyant GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE-10- Item 35 refers to the following diagram showing a mature pollen grain. Vv a 36. Which of the labelled structures will give risc to two male gametes? “A I @ wt © m oO wv 46 Which row in the following table shows the correct ¢hromosome number for the structures indicated? ‘Chromosome Number a an an (A)_|Pollen tube nucleus | Cotyledon Endosperm (B)_ [Pollen tube mucleus_| Endosperm Cotyledon (©)_|Cotyledon Pollen tube nucleus | Endosperm (D)_[Corytedon Endosperm Pollea tube nucleus, Item 37 refers to the diagram below which Item 38 refers to the following diagram ‘shows a longitudinal section through the showing a transverse section through the ovule of an angiosperm. middle piece of a sperm. y 37. Theroleof Y isto (A) fuse with a male nucleus to form 38. The structure labelled H is the endosperm (B) fine witha male nucleus to form (A) muciens the cotyledon (6) “snacomene (©) fuse with a male nucleus to form Dee ci the embryo (D) a mitochondrion () support the position of the ovum and disintegrateatter fertilization GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107010/CAPE 2015Item 39 refers to the following diagram of 40. During spermatogenesis in a human, the the human female reprductive system, first cells to divide meiotically are @ 1 (B) (©) @) 39, At which of the regions labelled I, II, I and IV does fertilization take place? @ 1 @® a © m (@) Ww spermatids spermatogonia primary spermatocytes secondary spermatocytes Item 41 refers to the following graph which shows the relative concentrations of the pituitary hormones W and X. and the ovarian hormones Y and Z during the menstrual cycle. Pituitary bermoee |_LE) Ovarian hormones iy Zz 0 T 7 a 28 41. The hormones W, X,Y and Z are Ww x ¥ z (A)__ [progesterone _| oestrogen ‘ADH FSH (8) [FSH LH oestrogen, progesterone (© __ [oestrogen Li progesterone (Om ‘oestrogen FSH progesterone GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107010/CAPE 2015a2. 43, 212: A sample of a woman's urine is tested at a laboratory and human chorionic gonadotrophin is detected. This indicates that (A)__ ovulation has occurred (B) _ menstruation has begun (©) _ oestrogen levels have decreased (D) implantation of an embryo has occurred 44. ‘The hormone which stimulates the development of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) is (A) cestrogen (B) progesterone 45. (©) luteinizing hormone (D) __follicle-stimulating hormone END OF TEST 02107010/CAPE 2015 ‘Item 44 refers to the following events seen in the development of and implantation of a human embryo. 1, Inner cell mass forms. TI. Theallantois fuses withthechorion. Il. Chorionic villi grow. TV. Maternal blood spaces form. ‘The correct sequence of events is () LILOLIV @) LILN0 (©) MLLILIV ©) OL U.LIV During the development of a foetus in the ‘womb, the uterus wall consists ofthemuscle of the uterus wall and the (A) endometrium (B) chorionic villi (© placenta (B) chorion IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.