Villaroman, Angelo D.

04/19/2017
4Bio5 Ecology: Relationships

Relationship Example Description

Commensalism Clown fish and sea The clownfish lives among
(+/o) anemone the forest of tentacles of an
anemone and is protected
from potential predators.
The sea anemone is not
affected by the clowfish.
Epiphytes and trees Epiphytes uses the trees to
get to a higher ground for
sunlight while not affecting
the tree.
Turtles and barnacles Barnacles are filter feeders
and attach themselves to
the back of the turtle to
utilize its movement in
filterfeeding while the turtle
is not really affected.
Monarch butterfly and The monarch butterfly gets
milkweed a poisonous sap from the
milkweed and this deters its
enemies while the
milkweed is not really
affected.
Cattle and cattle egrets Cattle stir up a lot of insects
when they walk around
eating grass and the egrets
take advantage of this and
hang around to get a meal
from the insects.
Amensalism Salvia leucphylla and other S. Leucphylla secretes
(-/o) graseess allelochemical to the
ground stopping the growth
of other grass in the area.
However, the grasses
around it doesnt affect its
condition. This is an
example of allelopathy.
Spanish ibex and weevils Spanish ibex and weevils of
the genus Timarcha which
feed upon the same type of
shrub. Whilst the presence
of the weevil has almost no
influence on food
availability, the presence of
ibex has an enormous
 detrimental effect on weevil
numbers, as they consume
significant quantities of
plant matter and
incidentally ingest the
weevils upon it.
Unguligrades and grass When unguligrades trample
through the grass, the
hooves of these animals ate
hardly affected, however,
the grass suffers by being
crushed.
Algal blooms and fish Algal blooms can lead to
the death of many fishes
and animals, the algae do
not benefit from the deaths
of these organisms
Penicillium and bacteria Pencillium from bread mold
Secretes penicillin, a
chemical that kills bacteria
Exploitation Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma mansoni
(parasitism, human causes intestinal
predation, schistomiasis. The human is
herbivory) negatively affected while
(+/-) the trematode benefits from
the human host.
Ticks and dogs Dogs are affected by the
ticks bite and ticks are
supplied with food by
sucking the dogs blood.

Cheetah and gazelle Gazelles can be found in

grasslands savannahs of
Africa where predators like
the cheetah reside.
Cat and mouse Cats hunt for and chase
after mice to gain a meal
Diplazon laetorius and Eggs are injected inside the
hoverfly larvae and eventually are
eaten alive from the inside.
Mutualism Lichen (algae and fungi) Alga gets water and
(+/+) nutrients from the fungus
and the fungus gets food
from the algae.
Oxpecker and rhinoceros Oxpeckers (bird) feed on
the ticks found on a
rhinoceros causing both
 species benefit the
oxpecker gets food and the
rhino gets rid of a parasite.
Alpheid shrimp and goby The alpheid shrimp creates
fish a burrow in the ground for
both to hide in while the
goby fish warns the alpheid
shrimp of danger.
Bees and flowers The bees are able to get
nectar from the flowers,
and this is used to make
food for the bees, and in
turn the bees carry the
pollen of the flower for
dispersion.
Yucca moth and yucca The moth helps to pollinate
plant the plant, and then the
moth lays her eggs in the
seedpods of the yucca plant
Competition Male-male competition Both males damage each
(-/-) in red deer during rut other
Squirrels and chipmunks These two animals compete
over food such as nuts
since they have similar diet.
Lions and cheetahs In the savannah, these two
animals compete for food
such as the gazelle and
zebras.
Pumas and black bears These two are the large
carnivores found
throughout California, both
species compete for deers
and other ungulates
Sea anemone and other Sea anemone tries to
corals compete for space as
result, they releases
chemicals that may affet
the growth of other corals
and vice versa.
Neutralism Tarantulas and cactuses Tarantulas, for example,
(o/o) have no tangible effect on
cactuses and vice versa.
Rabbits and deer May live together in a
grassland, but do not affect
each other.
Frogs and cows May coexist in a grassland
environment but dont
affect each other.
Bees and flies These organisms may fly
 together but doest affect
each other.
Rainbow trout and These two organisms may
dandelions live in the same valley, but
neither directly affect each
other.