Communication and Computing Systems Prasad et al.

(Eds)
2017 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02952-1

A novel band pass filter using parallel and direct-end coupling

L.S. Purohit
Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT: A Band Pass Filter (BPF) is proposed using parallel and direct-end coupling. A circular
dot and circular half ring structure is utilized to do parallel coupling because this providing longer cou-
pling length. Symmetric and asymmetric structure is analyzed with different spacing parameters. Tuning
of resonant frequency can be done by some parameters like, circumference of outer fractional ring, center
position of outer ring. Symmetric and asymmetric structures are compared. By using Asymmetric filter
structure insertion loss and return loss performance in pass band is improved. Radio location, space
research etc. are some applications of concern band. Filter has some commendable features like miniature
size, low loss in pass band and long and deep stop band. Alumina material having epsilon 9.9 is used as
substrate for microstrip filter design. Simulation of design is performed on commercial software CST
microwave studio 2013.

1 INTRODUCTION conductor and middle substrate layer made of

Alumina material. Schematic view of filter design
The Filter is most commonly used component in (patch layer) with different dimensions is shown in
microwave systems for selecting desired frequencies. Figure 1. Table 1 covers values of different parame-
Band pass filters are made with different resonator ters of Figure 1. Circle of radius R1 and outer ring of
structures. Length and width of structure utilized
for variation in L and C parameter so resonant fre-
quency can be tune to desired range (Haoran and Poitl
Junfa 2012). Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is
also utilized tuning resonate frequency to desired
range, DGS can also provide some advantageous
effects for good in-band characteristics (Kufa and
Raida 2013).
In this paper, a novel planer structure for
bandpass filter design is proposed. Parallel and
direct-end coupling is utilized. Parallel coupling
is significant out of two. Arrangement made for
parallel coupling is of a parallel ring and a cir-
cular dot structure in the patch. Design is made
using microstrip structure of size 75 mm2 (length
and width respectively are 15 mm and 5 mm). Alu-
mina dielectric material of epsilon 9.9 (of height
0.5 mm) is used as substrate material of filter
design. Designing and simulation is performed
on commercial software CST microwave studio.
Result covers frequency range of radio location,
space research applications and result can also
tune to other application frequencies by tuning its
designing parameters.

2 DESIGN OF PROPOSED FILTER

Poit2
Filter is designed using microstrip struc-
ture. Ground and patch layer made of copper Figure 1. Patch of proposed symmetric filter structure.

437
 Table 1. Values of parameters used in Figure 1. Table 2. Resonant frequencies of symmetric proposed
filter (with R3 = 1.4 mm constant) with variation in frac-
Parameters S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 R1 R2 tion of circumference.

Calculated 0.48 0.21 0.42 0.05 0.27 0.7 1.05 Different lengths of Center frequency (GHz)
values (mm) fractional (Return loss/Insertion
Parameters R3 D1 D2 Q L W H circumference (in mm) loss in dB)
Calculated 1.5 0.15 0.2 1.4 15 5 0.5
values (mm) C1 = 5.65 10.818 (25.45/0.44)
C2 = 6.59 9.684 (22.85/0.62)
C3 = 7.54 8.604 (21.40/0.771)
C4 = 8.17 8.168 (22.78/0.656)
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8 10
Figure 2. S parameters of symmetric proposed filter. Fr:quency[GHz]

radius R3 is placed for providing parallel coupling.
Direct-end coupling can be seen at end of input feed
line (at S3). Coupling varies as coupling length and
distance between coupled part is varies. Input and
output feed line made of width S0 for impedance
match to 50 .
For a particular values of design parameter
(values as in Table 1) results are shown in Figure 2.
Result shows a pass-band of frequency 9.506
9.859 GHz centered at frequency 9.684 GHz.
Insertion loss and return loss at center frequency
are respectively 0.621 dB and 22.855 dB. Applica-
tion of this range is radio location.
3 ANALYSIS
3.1 Effect of length of Outer Partial Ring (OPR)
of radius R3
Figure 3. S11 Vs Frequency (Using different frac-
tional circumference Cn) for proposed symmetric filter
structure.
For fixed R3 = 1.4 mm, C = 2R3 = 8.79 mm,
Fractional circumference shown by Cn = .
3.2 Effect of shifting center of outer ring
(asymmetric structure)
If center of outer fractional ring is shifted right,
center frequency shifted right with good insertion
and return loss performance. Mean asymmetric
like shown in figure can be utilized for good pass
band performance. By Table 3 and Figure 4, effect
can be analyzed. Shifting centre of inner circle not
effect very much, thats why no results shown here.

As we vary the confinement by outer ring, the res-

onating frequency varies and filter resonates to dif-
ferent frequency. Different fractional circumference
() results in different center frequency tabulated
in Table 2 and shown in Figure 3 diagrammatically.
By this figure can be concluded that as confine-
ment increases, resonating frequency lowers.
3.3 Effect of spacing between outer ring, feed ring
structure and inner circle
Variation in Spacing between Outer Fractional
Ring (OFR) and Feed Line Ring Structure
(FLRS) (for symmetric structure all rings having

438
 Table 3. Center of Outer Fractional Ring (OFR) Table 4. Various values P and resonant frequency.
shifted by 0.2 mm and analyzed for different fractional
circumference. Resonant frequency GHz (Return
P in mm loss/ Insertion loss in dB)
Center frequency (GHz)
Different lengths of (Return loss / Insertion P1 = 0.25 9.684 (22.85/0.62)
fractional circumference loss in dB) P2 = 0.15 9.684 (33.53/0.12)
P3 = 0.10 9.684 (41.31/0.02)
C2 = 6.59 mm 11.977 (54.70/ 0.052)
C3 = 7.54 mm 10.556 (47.79/0.001)
C5 = 8.48 mm 9.396 (36.84 / 0.017)
C6 = 8.796 mm = C 8.323 (25.96 / 0.46)
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- - S21 ofP 1
- - S21 ofP2
- - S21 ofP 3
- - S11 ofPt
- - S 11 ofP 2
-40
- - S 11 ofP 3

8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Freq uency[GHiz]

Figure 5. S parameters Vs frequency for different value

of Spacing P (for symmetric filter structure, all other
parameters kept constant).

same center, R3 = 1.5, R2 = 1.05 kept constant and

only D2 varied) is analyzed first.
Spacing between OFR and FLRS is can be cal-
(a)
culated by

10 P = [(R3D2) R2] (1)

where R3 = outer radius of outer fractional ring,

D2 = Width of outer fractional ring and R2 = outer
-10 radius of feed line ring as shown in Figure 1.
By decreasing spacing P, insertion loss is
-20 decrease and return loss is increased, Bandwidth
co
- c3
'0~ is also improved but sharpness of edges of stop-
uf.3o band is reduced. By seeing caparison Table 4 and
--cs Figure 5 can be conclude that resonant frequency
-40
-c 6
not vary with changing spacing P.
-50 --c2
4 CONCLUSIONS
10 15 20 25
Frequency[GHz] There are two controlling parameters for tuning
resonant frequency one is Length of fractional
(b) circumference of outer ring, and another is varia-
tion in center position of OFR discussed. Change
Figure 4. Asymmetric filter structure and its S11 Vs fre- fractional circumference is give variation in reso-
quency graph (for different fractional circumferences). nant frequency with almost same return loss and

439
 insertion loss if structure is symmetric. If struc-
ture is asymmetric then variation in fractional
circumference results in improved insertion and
return loss characteristics. Spacing between outer
ring and input feed line structure can be utilized
for bandwidth, insertion loss, return loss improve-
ment but it may generate some small spurious-
passband in stopband. Filter structure is designed
and simulated on CST microwave studio.
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Ceramic Substrate with defected ground structure.
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