Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering Department: Electronics and

Course: ECE 650 Digital Communication II Communications
Semester: Spring 2010 Instructors: Prof. Fawzy Ibrahim
Midterm Exam
Total Grade: 20 Time allowed: 120 Minutes

Question #1
(a) What is the importance of channel coding? Discuss briefly the main idea of the
Linear Block Codes (LBC).
(b) Consider a (7, 4) Linear Block Codes (LBC) generator matrix which is given by:
1 0 0 0 | 1 1 1

0 1 0 0 | 1 1 0
G
0010 | 1 0 1

0 0 0 1 | 0 1 1
(i) For the message vector, M =[1 0 1 1], calculate code vector, C.
(ii) Calculate the parity check matrix, H.
(iii) Let R =[1 0 1 0 0 0 1] is the received vector, calculate error syndrome vector, S
and the message vector, M.
c) For the convolutional encoder shown in Fig. 1, compute the output coded data, y,
when the input data is x = [11011]. (The first input bit is the leftmost element of the x
row vector.)

Fig. 1 A convolutional encoder

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Question #2
Consider a binary communication system which is used to transmit 10 analog signals
having the same bandwidth using TDM / PCM technique. Each of the analog signals is
sampled, quantized and encoded into binary code words by a non-uniform quantization
PCM technique, applying the "-law", with = 255 and the number of bits, n =8. The
resulting TDM/PCM signal is then transmitted over a transmission channel of 2 MHz
bandwidth. For this system perform the following:
(a) Calculate the peak SNR that can be obtained by this system.
(b) Determine the total channel capacity and the sampling frequency F s at which each of
the analog signals can be sampled.
(c) What is maximum possible value for the highest frequency in the spectrum of the
analog signal?
(d) Looking forward to decrease the PCM bit rate, Differential Pulse Code Modulation
(DPCM) is utilized. Draw the block diagram of a DPCM system and highlight the
advantages and limitations of this approach.
Question #3
a) Consider a digital communication system which consists of 4 binary channels with
transmission rate 200 bytes / sec each, and a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
system using a time slot corresponding to one byte from each channel. For this
system, calculate the following:
i) The frame size [bytes]. ii) The frame duration [m sec].
iii) The frame rate [frame / sec]. iv) The bit rate [bits/sec] of the TDM link.
b) Apply the 8-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to calculate the spectrum
X(k) of the discrete periodic (N = 8) signal x(n) having the following samples:
x(n) = {2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1} and then draw the resulting spectrum as function of k, f
and if the sampling time, Ts = 1 ms.

c) Consider the analog waveform w(t) whose spectrum W(f) is a pulse function as shown
in Fig. 3. If the signal amplitude A= 10 and its bandwidth B = 2 kHz, it is required to
convert w(t) into a flat-topped PAM signal by using the sampling rate, fs = 10 kHz
and a pulse duration or width, = 10 s, For this PAM signal do the following:
i) Determine and sketch the magnitude spectrum.
ii) Calculate the value for the first null bandwidth.

Fig. 3 Magnitude spectrum of the input analog signal

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