STUDY OF AN AUTOMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM(ABS)

ABSTRACT:

Introduction:
Automatic braking is a technology for automobiles to sense and avoid
an imminent collision with another vehicle, person or obstacle by braking
without any driver input. Sensors to detect other vehicles or obstacles can
include radar, video, infrared, ultrasonic or other technologies. GPS sensors
can detect fixed dangers such as approaching the stop signs through a
location database.

Automatic braking by the system after sensing an obstacle can be executed

in two modes. In collision avoidance, the collision is avoided by the
automatic braking, but the driver will not be warned by this type of system.
There is a very good chance of wrongly interpreting the signals, especially in
the case of radars or lasers. In a collision mitigation system, the sensors
detect the possibility of collision but will not take immediate action. A
warning will be sent to the driver in the of a signal or a voice message.

Objective of A.B.S:
The objective of this project is to design the automatic braking system in
order to avoid accidents.In the foreign country the system is used in the
vehicles in night.

Operation:
Automatic braking by the system after sensing an obstacle can be executed
in two modes. In collision avoidance, the collision is avoided by the
automatic braking, but the driver will not be warned by this type of system.
There is a very good chance of wrongly interpreting the signals, especially in
the case of radars or lasers. In a collision mitigation system, the sensors

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detect the possibility of collision but will not take immediate action. A
warning will be sent to the driver in the form of a signal or a voice message.
There is a threshold safe distance calculated by the system, and if the driver
fails to respond even when the vehicle crosses that region, then only brakes
will be applied automatically. Even if there is a mis-interpretation of signals,
there is no problem, because the decision to apply brakes is left with the
driver and the brakes are applied automatically only in the most emergency
situations. Many vehicles are provided with the option of turning on or off the
automatic system based on their surroundings. In some automobiles, even
though they cannot be completely disabled, they can be limited to warning
the driver about a coming obstacle. Even this emergency braking initiates
ABS which help the driver to retain the control over vehicle without any
skidding. An automatic braking system is only effective if the mode of
sensing the obstacles is reliable, or else any kind of false interpretation may
cause a lot of damage.

Working Principle:

In this system we use one emitter and other receiver,emitter emitts infrared
which fall on object and after reflecting comes on receiver.The signal from
the receiver goes to the photodiode which amplifier the signal.This
photodiode is connected the pin no.2 of IC 555.The IC 555 is connected to
stepper motor which control the motion of the stepper motor.

Layout of Automatic braking system:

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Advantages:

Avoid Road accidents

Safety of driver
Stop the vehicle in shortened distance
Prevent the damage of vehicle body
Quickly sense the obstruction
It acts instantaneously in case of emergency
It operates with the least effort by the driver

Applications:

Uses in Buses
Uses in trucks
Uses in Cars
Uses in trains
Uses in vehicles

United States Agreement 2016:

In March 2016, 20 major auto-makers and the government came

together to agree to making automatic-braking standard by 2022.In
Europe there was a related agreement about ABS in 2012.

Makers part of agreement:

Audi
BMW
FCA US LLC
Ford
General Motors
Honda
Hyundai
Jaguar Land Rover
Kia

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 Maserati
Mazda
Mercedes-Benz
Mitsubishi Motors
Nissan
Porsche
Subaru
Tesla Motors Inc.
Toyota
Volkswagen
Volvo Car USA

@Automakers agree to make auto braking a standard by 2022,

The private-public agreement could save lives.

Safety benefits:
_In a study of police-reported crashes, automatic emergency
braking was found to reduce the incidence of rear-end crashes by 39 percent.

References:
Volvo Owners Club: New Collision Warning with Auto Brake helps prevent
rear-end collisions.
http://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/releases/2007/collision_warning.shtml

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Project Guide:
Team Members:

Asso.Prof.K.Sandya 1)K.Srikanth

Reddy(137Y1A03E2)

2)M.Manikanth(137Y1A03D

2)

3)Syed Mohammed

(137Y1A03E3)