GRT Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Tiruttani - 631209
MODEL EXAMINATION- Answer Key
III YEAR /VI SEMESTER
Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC 6601-VLSI DESIGN (Regulation 2013)
Part A

1. Define Scaling
It is also expected that smaller transistors switch faster. For example, one approach to size
reduction is a scaling of theMOSFET that requires all device dimensions to reduce
proportionally.
2. Define Body effect in MOSFET.
The threshold voltage Vt is constant with respect to voltage difference between
source and the substrate is called body effect
3. What are the advantages of pass transistor logic?
Pass transistor logic (PTL) circuits are often superior to standard CMOS circuits in terms of
layout density, circuit delay and power consumption.
They do not have path VDD to GND and do not dissipate standby power
4. What is Bubble pushing?
Bubble pushing is a technique to apply De Morgan's theorem directly to the logic diagram.
Change the logic gate (AND to OR and OR to AND). Add bubbles to the inputs and outputs
where there were none, and remove the original bubbles.
5. Define Clock skew and Clock jitter.
Clock skew Spatial variation of time
Clock jitter-Temporal variation of time
6. What is bistablility principle?
In a dynamical system, bistability means the system has two stable equilibrium states.
Something that isbistable can be resting in either of two states
7. What is bit sliced data path?
A bit slice is one-bit version of the complete data path, and the n-bit data path is constructed
by replicating the bit slice.
8. What are the advantages of barrel shifter?
A barrel shifter is often used to shift and rotate n-bits in modern microprocessors, typically
within a single clock cycle
9. What is the difference between channeled and channel less gate array logic?
A key difference between channeled and channel less gate array is that there are no
predefined areas set aside for routing between cells on a channel less gate array, instead we
route over the top of the gate-array devices.
10. Define Net list.
A netlist is a textual description of a circuit made of components. Components are
generally gates, so generally a Netlist is a connection. of gates

Part B
11. Explain DC transfer characteristics of CMOS Inverter.
12. Draw stick and layout diagram of NAND gate.
13. Explain NMOS operation with its different modes.
14. Explain different types of device modeling in MOSFET.
15. Explain static and dynamic CMOS design in detail.
16. Explain different types of power dissipation in CMOS circuits.
17. What is transmission gate logic and explain any circuit design using the logic.
18. Explain Static latches and registers in detail.
19. Explain pipelining process in detail.
20. Explain different types of memory architecture in detail.
21. Explain the architectures of ripple carry adder and carry look ahead adder
22. Explain barrel shifter and its operation in detail.
23. Explain ALU and give its importance in processor.
24. Explain different types of XILINX (3000, 4000, and 5200) architecture in details.
25. Explain standard cell design and cell library
26. Explain FPGA interconnect routing algorithms

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