V.
Design Standards and Space like vehicles shall be outside of the RROW
Requirements for Light Rail Transits
1. Design Building Standards
A. National Building Code of the
Philippines
Rule VII. BUILDING OCCUPANCY
Section 701. Occupancy Classified
Division E-1 Business and
Mercantile
Where no work is done except change of
parts and maintenance requiring no open
flames, welding, or use of highly
flammable liquids.
Determination of Building Height
Utility/Transportation/RROW/Services:
15.00 meters (or must complement the
duly-approved BHL in the major zone it is
part of)
Minimum Required Off-Street
(Off-RROW) cum On-Site
Parking Slot, Parking Area and
Loading/Unloading Space
Requirements by Allowed Use or
Occupancy
Division E-1 Business and Mercantile
Terminals, Inter-modals, multi-modal,
depots and the like
(Utility/Transportation/Service)
One (1) car slot for every 500.00 sq.
meters of gross floor area or for a fraction
thereof; and one (1) off-RROW (or off-
street) passenger loading space that can
accommodate two (2) queued
jeepney/shuttle slots or two (2) queued
bus slots whichever is applicable;
maneuvering area of buses, trucks and
(within property or lot lines only)
Transit stations and the like
Provide on each side of the RROW one
(1) off-RROW (or off-street) passenger
loading space that can accommodate four
(4) queued jeepney/shuttle slots or three
(3) queued bus slots whichever is
applicable; in case of elevated mass
transit stations, on-roadway terminals or
on-RROW terminals on both sides of the
RROW may be considered.
One (1) car slot for every 100.00 sq.
meters of shopping floor area
B. ACCESSIBILITY LAW OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Public transport vehicles which shall
include:
a. Passenger buses and jeepneys
b. Passenger trains, including those of the
Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA)
Elevators
Accessible elevators should be located not
more than 30.00 m from the entrance and
should be easy to locate with the aid of
signs. Accessible elevators shall have a
minimum dimension of 1.10 m. x 1.40 m.
Ramp
Changes in level shall require a ramp
except when served by a dropped
sidewalk, curb ramp, an elevator, or other
mechanical device.
Accessible ramps shall have the following
facilities and features:
Minimum clear width of 1.20 m.
Gradient not steeper than 1:12.
Accessible Toilet
The minimum number of accessible
toilet compartments on each floor level
or on that part of a floor level accessible
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to persons with disabilities shall be one
(1) where the total number of water
closets per set on that level is 20; and
two (2) where the number of water
closets exceeds 20.
Accessible toilet compartments shall
have the following:
A minimum area of 1.70 m x 1.80 m.
C. FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
The requirement is to evacuate people
from a station platform to another location,
initially the next level below and then on to
street level without hindrance.
Escalators running against the escape
flow are assumed to be stopped and are
used as 1000mm wide staircases
The maximum distance to an exit route on
the platform shall be 50 metres.
3. The minimum vertical clearance shall
also be provided below the coping at
locations where portion of the carriageway
is underneath the coping (e.g.,
intersections, Uturn slots) to allow safe
passage of vehicles.
4. The clear height/headroom between the
pedestrian bridge walking surface and the
bottom of the girder of the structure above
shall not be less than 2.0 meters.
Pedestrian Footbridge Along Flyover
(see fig. a)
1. Vertical clearance above road
carriageway:
A) 5.03 (min) - for railway / flyover/bridge
4.88 - vehicle clearance
0.15 - allowance for future additional road
surfacing

D. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

AND HIGHWAYS STANDARDS

1. Vertical clearance above the roadway Pedestrian Crossing Along Flyover

shall not be less than 4.88 meters over the
entire roadway width to which an
allowance of 0.15 meter shall be added for
future additional road surfacing.
2. The clearance to pedestrian footbridges
over roads shall be 0.30 meter greater
than the vertical clearance as cited above
to reduce the risk of truck impact against
pedestrian bridges which have low load
capacity.
(see fig. b)
(B) 5.33 (min) - for pedestrian footbridge
4.88 - vehicle clearance
0.15 - allowance for future additional road
surfacing.
0.30 - allowance to reduce truck impact
risk
2. Headroom between the pedestrian
walking surface

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And bottom of girder of the structure from other facilities or inserted among
(railway, flyover, bridge) above: 2.00 (min.)

them.
2. General Space Requirements and
Standards

There are four main functional areas

typically housed in most stations;
core, transition, peripheral and
administrative areas (Kandee, 2001, p
14).

Core areas
focus on processing passengers.
Conceptually, they can be considered as a
circle surrounded by closely related areas
that includes ticketing, information,
baggage handling, reclaiming, and
waiting.
Transit areas General Design Requirements
The design of the stations is governed and
connect transit facilities in the core areas
determined by the following factors:
to the transportation modes. They usually a) Operational requirements for using
include secondary, but often-essential either the center island or side platforms
facilities such as, restrooms, telephones,
and commercial spaces. b) Traffic, Road and Pedestrian
requirements
Peripheral areas
support circulation outside the main c) Utilities
buildings. They often include platforms,
d) Structural Requirements
tracks, and vehicle service spaces.
Administrative area e) Passenger forecasts and the resulting
control both traffic and station entrance location requirements
management. Found only in some station f) Interfaces with proposed and potential
types that provide complex arrangements future development projects
for handling a large number of
g) Environmental Considerations
passengers. These areas can be isolated

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h) Accessibility to construction site and Gates shall be provided at the barriers
disruption of traffic enclosing the Paid area. At least one gate
i) Flexibility in design to allow stations to is installed at the end of each major array
respond to site specific requirements of Ticket gates. A minimum clear opening
of 900mm is provided and the gate opens
j) Future expansion in the outward direction from the Paid
k) Phasing of plant and machinery area. These gates are to be opened in the
provisions event of an emergency and be included in
the escape capacity calculations.
Design Considerations
Platform Design Standards
Sizing of Station Passenger Handling
Facilities Platforms shall have a minimum of 100
meters length.
Emergency Evacuation
The nominal platform width measured
Electrical & Mechanical Plant and from the platform edge to any continuous
Equipment space requirements (longer than 2000mm) fixed structure shall
be a minimum of 4000 mm. The
Operational Accommodation minimum distance from the platform edge
to any isolated obstruction, e.g. columns,
Fire Safety & identification of area limits
shall be 3500mm (an isolated obstruction
Stipulated Design Standards shall not be longer than 2000mm).

Passenger Circulation, comfort, ease of A 1600mm wide stair shall be provided at

use, safety and security each end of the platform leading to the
track bed. They are for the use of train
Signages drivers, train and station staff, and shall
contain designated installations and
Weather protection equipment.

Modular approach to the design of all

elements Concourse Design Standards
Minimum Queuing Space
The concourse shall be split into two
Space shall be provided for queuing at all distinct areas; the ticket hall or unpaid
circulation and passenger service area where passengers digest travel
information, and purchase tickets before
proceeding into a paid area from which
access is made to the platform level.

Vending and Telephones

Space within the concourse area shall be

made for free standing Automatic Teller
Machines (ATMs), vending machines,
payment express terminals, photo booths,
elements. TV booths, free standing and/or wall
mounted advertising panels.

Concourse Barrier Gateways Space shall be provided for commercial

kiosk facilities within the unpaid area

4 | Page
which, during a period at the opening of
the system, can be utilized as temporary
ticket offices until such time as stored
value tickets have become an accepted
concept and the number of ticketing
counters provided can cope with the
predicted demand. The location of the
kiosks/temporary ticket offices shall
therefore take into account their initial and
intended future use.
Clearances
In all areas, a minimum ceiling height of
3000mm shall be adopted with a minimum
height of 2500mm. A total of 4500mm for
the minimum finished floor level to
structural ceiling shall be split into
1000mm - Allowance for cables, ducts etc.
200mm - Allowance for suspended
ceiling, fans and light fittings 200mm
3000mm - Finished Floor to underside of
suspended ceiling
Entrances
Entrance structures within a development
must be designed in such a way that the
use of the entrances is not adversely
affected by any future redevelopment of
the building structure.
All entrances extending to street level
must be protected against flooding. This
protection shall be by the provision of a
minimum of 3 steps up to a landing
(+450mm minimum).
Corridor and Ramp Design Standards
The width of corridors or passageways in
public areas shall be determined by
capacity requirements subject to the
minimum dimensions given below:
1800mm minimum for unidirectional
movement
2000mm minimum for bi-directional
movement
1200mm minimum for staff only
movement
Vertical Circulation
Stairs shall be provided for both upward
and downwards movement. The rise of the
stairs shall preferably be limited to
3500mm.All stations must have at least
one designated staircase, minimum
1800mm wide, from the lowest to the
highest levels.
Where there is a rise in the lower portion
of less than 3200mm, an escalator shall
not normally be provided. Thus, where the
total rise from street level to concourse is
less than 6700mm, escalators shall
normally only be provided where they can
be arranged to ascend directly from street
level. If the total height difference from
street level to concourse is greater than
10000 mm a down escalator shall also be
provided in the lower portion.
Interface Requirements
The civil works associated with the
stations would provide suitable interface
for the following subsystem and other
components.
The major interface requirements will be
needed for:
Rectifier Substation Room
Telecommunications Room
Signaling Room
Electrical System Room
Ticketing Equipment
Local Control Room
Miscellaneous Operations Room
Track Elevation
Brackets for the Speakers, Clocks,
Microphones, CCTV cameras, radio mast
lightning rod, signals, Count-down Display
Primary Cable Containment
Secondary Cable Containment
Grounding/Earthing Connections
Temporary Power Supply
Escalators
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 Lifts (Elevator)
Specific Room Requirements
-Station Control Room (Approx. 10 sq. m)
The center for supervision of all passenger
related activities on the station. Holds
communication and emergency controls
for station plant such as elevators,
escalators, fire detection and suppression.
This is located at concourse level
incorporated in the ticket booth. The room
must be located so as to have a good
overview of concourse activities and be
accessible from the non-paid area.
-Station Managers Office) Approx. 30
sq. m)
-provides office accommodation for the
Station Manager. It also holds space for
several staff and an area for entertaining
guests. It is adjacent to the Cash Room.
-Ticket Office (Approx. 6 sqm.)
Should be located inside the ticket booth
at the unpaid concourse area.
-Cash and Ticket Room (Approx.16 sq.
m)
To provide secure storage for cash,
tickets, cash vaults, cash trolley, and
accountancy and security documents.
-Passenger Assistance Office (46 sq.
m.)
This office shall be located in the most
suitable position for supervising
the movement of passengers to the
maximum extent feasible within the
concourse and between the gates and
platform level. The office should be
located adjacent to the barrier gates.
-Public Toilets
-Breastfeeding Room (Approx. 12 sqm)
-Line Dispatchers Booth (12 sqm)
Monitors and supervises platform
management and dispatch of train.
-Train Operators Room
-First Aid Room (10 sqm.)
-Security Room (10 sq. m)
-Storage Room (10 sq. m)
-Janitors Room (20 sq. m)
-Garbage Storage 5 sq. m.
-Staff Dining, Staff Toilets,
Staff locker
Located at the end of
platforms preferred well
separated from rooms
containing transformers.
-Telecommunications
Room (20 sqm.)
Adjacent to or as near as
possible to the station control.
-Station Auxiliary
-Signaling Room (40 sqm)
-Generator, Electrical and
-Transformer Rooms
-Fire Water Tank and Pump Room &
Domestic Water Tank and Pump Room
-Traction Substation
VI. Design Standards and Space
Requirements for Park-and-Ride
Facilities
Park-and-Ride facility lot layout based
on pedestrian access needs
2 key elements when developing a
design to provide the maximum
utility to its intended users
1. Competing modes of access
should be separated whenever
possible, providing separate
space for transit operations,
private vehicle access, carpool
formation, bicycle access and
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 storage, pedestrian flow, and
drop-and-ride activities;
2. Pedestrian and transit modes
should be elevated to be the
primary design consideration in
the layout and design of the
facility
Pedestrian Pathways
1. Pedestrian paths must be clearly
distinguishable throughout the
facility;
2. Raised pedestrian paths and
sidewalks are preferable to parking
aisles when applicable;
3. Pedestrian pathways should allow
for direct travel between the point
of entry into the park-and-ride lot
and the transit loading area
allowing pedestrians to use the
aisles between parking stalls to
walk directly to the boarding area.
4. Pedestrian crosswalks are to be
provided for access areas between
the transit loading zone and the
farthest reaches of the facility.
Access
Access for automobile traffic should be
separate from transit entrance to avoid
conflicts between the two modes.
Inbound access is seen as more
critical than outbound movement
due to tendency of patrons to
arrive with few minutes to spare
Evening peal observes greatest
external impacts on the
surrounding transportation network
because of vehicles trying to leave
the facility at the same time
Inbound access efficiency should
be maximized
Access
1. Entrances and exits for park and
ride facilities should be located to
provide a minimum 45.7 meters
between successive entrances but
not to any street intersection
Circulation
1. Vehicle circulation should generally
encourage the inbound access
movement bringing inbound
vehicles on-site quickly and
conveniently to prevent on-street
backups at key entrances
2. Entrances should allow the
accessing driver to dive past as
much of the lot as possible before
entering allowing visual inspection
of the facility for available spaces
3. Two-way circulation reduces confusion
on the part of patrons as compared to
one-way circulation to reduce potential
for drivers to circulate in the wrong
direction in a one-way aisle. Two-way
circulation is typically associated with
degree parking stalls which provide
a more flexible circulation and parking
configuration but can also lead to
increased parking conflicts between
backing vehicles
A. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES
The size of an average automobile (car)
parking slot must be computed at 2.50
meters by 5.00 meters for perpendicular
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or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters by
6.00 meters for parallel parking. A
standard truck or bus parking/loading slot
must be computed at a minimum of 3.60
meters by 12.00 meters.
B. ACCESSIBILITY LAW OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Accessible parking slots shall have a
minimum width of 3.70 m and a length of
5.00 m.
Accessible slots in parking areas shall be
located as near as possible to
ingress/egress spaces of the building or
structure.
A walkway with a minimum clear width of
1.20 m. provided between the front ends
of parked cars.
VII. Facilities necessary to make the
project commercially-viable
1. Advertising
Advertising will be an important source of
revenue for the LRT but the extent of the
demand for advertising will depend on
market forces.
Commercial advertising has been source
of income of railway companies from the
early days. However there was care and
control of the quality posters and
billboards located at the stations.
Currently, advertising is a source of
several percent of income for rail
operators and because of this income,
there is a strong tendency to include more
advertisements, like to include other
commercial functions at the stations.
Advertisements are inevitable and their
design should be a part of total design
concept. For example, it can be
associated with the context of the station
environment, have a reference to
healthy lifestyle products, or culture,
etc. to enhance the value of the
station image.
2. Retail Variation as Filipino Mall
Culture
Commercial function is important at the
station, in spite of its main transportation
function. It brings revenue to rail
operators. Shops and other services need
to be clearly distributed in regard to station
space and accessibility to trains. Along
with the process of evolution of railway
stations, more functions have been added,
such as retail, hotels, restaurants, and
leisure.
Forms of retail include: small shops,
small size walk-in units, kiosks often
located at the platforms, trade stands,
vending machines, public telephones,
ATMs, promotional activities and
internet facilities.
Shopping malls and convenience
stores have been often installed around
stations concourses.
3. Open space Kiosks
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This type of self-service, standalone
kiosks in heavily trafficked locations such
as airports, malls and resorts, and
convenience stores. With these kind of
stores, there is visual interest, security and
flexible design options.

economies. In the long run, the design

may also contribute to reducing crime.
6. Integration of Light and
Structure
Integration of technology allows kiosks to
perform a wide range of functions,
evolving into self-service kiosks. For
example, kiosks may enable users to
order from a shop's catalogue when items
are not in stock, check out a library book,
look up information about products, issue
a hotel key card, enter a public utility bill
account number in order to perform an
online transaction, or collect cash in
exchange for merchandise.
4. Public Art as Cultural Function The structural expression of the station
helps achieve the internal circulation by
Public art is well perceived by passengers allowing more natural light through the
and may play a significant role in building to aid navigation. Obviously, many
enhancing image of railways. modern stations have similar
Railway companies understand the featuresframing, columns and trusses.
importance of introducing a design and This has meaning in architecture not
culture into stations. Art has become a only for aesthetic, but for practical reasons
part of cultural value of the rail brand as well. The manipulation of natural light
design. through transparent roofs and walls,
blending with artificial light, could provide
5. Open Activity Areas passengers the clarity of orientation in
the building more effectively than internal
According to Project for Public Spaces, signs only.
having open spaces near public transport
increases its use. In a similar project, the
successful renovation of Netherwood train
station in Plainfield, New Jersey, under
guidance from PPS has resulted in a 40%
increase in ridership.

Aside from this, it also attracts business

opportunities and supports local

9 | Page
VIII. Case Studies
1.Breda Interchange (Netherlands)
The vast Breda public transport terminal
contains a bus and train station. It forms
part of the wider urban development of the
city, which is in the south of the
Netherlands, and stands on a former
industrial site and railway yard.
Features at the interchange include a new
central pedestrian plaza linking both sides
of the rail tracks, two lifts, escalators to
both platforms and four sets of stairs at
the main access points. Ticket machines
have been installed on both platforms with
a staffed ticket office on the ground floor.
The station complex creates a link
between the historical and new city
quarters on either side of the railway
lines.
The architects combined the bus and
trains stations in one hall, and
sandwiched the building between two
public squares.
The multitude of perspectives and contact
with the outside make the building well
ordered, contribute to a simple navigation
and to a building as an integral part of its
surroundings," they continued.
There is also indoor and outdoor bicycle
parking, while the roof of the station hall
offers car parking to travellers, residents
and office workers.
2 Gare du Pont de Bondy
Interchange (Paris, France)
The Gare du Pont de Bondy
continues the Parisian tradition of
utilizing bridges as social spaces
and cultural landmarks. Located at
the encounter between the
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communities of Bondy, Bobigny single inclusive loopa new
and Noisy-le-Sec, the station is architectural hybrid of urban
conceived as both bridge and infrastructure and social space.
tunnel wrapped around a giant
atrium, connecting the riverbank to
the train landing.

The station will be part of line 15

that is passing around Paris
outskirts. It consists of a Brown-
colored building with a shaded
passageway and having two right-
angled extensions. Both
extensions have different qualities
The deepest train tunnels will now as one of them passes under a
open directly to the Parisian sky, bridge while the other passes over
and all three surrounding a water body.
neighborhoods will be united in a

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