CHEMICAL BONDING

Fill in the blanks: (In some cases you may have to choose among some given options in
bracket)

1. The angle between two covalent bonds is maximum in (CH4, H2O, CO2) (1981-1 Mark)

2. Pair of molecules. Which forms strongest intermolecular hydrogen bond is

O O
(SiH4 and SiF4, || and CHCl3, HCOOH and CH3- || (1981-1 Mark)
CH 3 C CH 3 CH2 C OH)

3 There are . bonds in a nitrogen molecule. (1981-1 Mark)

4. .. hybrid orbitals of nitrogen atom are involved in the formation of ammonium ion.
(1982-1 Mark)

5. The shape of [CH3] + is .. (1990-1 Mark)

6. The two types of bonds present in B2H6 are covalent and (1994-1 Mark)

7. When N2 goes to N2+ the NN bond distance .......... and when O 2 goes to O2+ the OO
bond distance is. (1996-1 Mark)

8. Among N2O,SO2 I2+ the linear species are .and (1997-1 Mark)

True / False:

1. Linear overlap of two atomic p-orbitals leads to a sigma bond. (1983-1 Mark)

2. All molecules with polar bonds have dipole moment. (1985-1/2 Mark)

3. SnCl2 is a non-linear molecule. (1985-1/2 Mark)

4. In benzene, carbon uses all the three p-orbitals for hybridization. (1987-1 Mark)

5. sp3 hybrid orbitals have equal s and p character. (1987-1 Mark)

6. The presence of polar bonds in a poly-atomic molecule suggests that the molecule has non-
zero dipole moment. (1990-1 Mark)

7. The dipole moment of CH3F is greater than that of CH3Cl (1993-1 Mark)

Multiple Choice Questions with ONE correct answer:

1. If a molecule MX3 has zero dipole moment, the sigma bonding orbitals used by
M (atomic number < 21) are
(A) pure p (B) sp hybrid
(C) sp2 hybrid (D) sp hybrid (1981-1 Mark)

2. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is

(A) CN (B) O2+
(C) O2 (D) N2 (1982-1 Mark)

3. Among the following, the molecule that is linear is

(A) CO2 (B) NO2
(C) SO2 (D) ClO2 (1982-1 Mark)
 Chemical Bonding 2

4. The compound with no dipole moment is

(A) methyl chloride (B) carbon tetrachioride
(C) methylene chloride (D) chloroform (1982-1 Mark)

5. Carbon tetrachloride has no net dipole moment because of

(A) its planar structure
(B) its regular tetrahedral structure
(C) similar sizes of carbon and chlorine
(D) similar electron affinities of carbon and chlorine (1983-1 Mark)

6. Which one among the following does not have the hydrogen bond?
(A) phenol (B) liquid NH3
(C) water (D) liquid HCI (1983-1 Mark)

7. The types of bonds present in CuSO4.5H2O are only

(A) electrovalent and covalent
(B) electrovalent and coordinate covalent
(C) electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent
(D) covalent and coordinate covalent (1983-1 Mark)

8. On hybridization of one s and one p orbitals we get:

(A) two mutually perpendicular orbitals (B) two orbitals at 1800
(C) four orbitals directed tetrahedrally (D) three orbitals in a plane (1984-1 Mark)

9. The molecule having one unpaired electron is:

(A) NO (B) CO
(C) CN (D) O2 (1986-1 Mark)

10. The bond between two identical non-metal atoms has a pair of electrons:
(A) unequally shared between the two (B) transferred fully from one atom to another
(C) with identical spins (D) equally shared between them
(1986-1 Mark)

11. The hydrogen bond is strongest. in:

(A) O H . S (B) S H O
(C) F H. F (D) F HO (1986-1 Mark)

12. The hybridization of sulphur in sulphur dioxide is:

(A) sp (B) sp3
2
(C) sp (D) dsp2 (1986-1 Mark)

13. Hydrogen bonding is maximum in

(A) Ethanol (B) Diethylether
(C) Ethyl chloride (D) Triethylamine (1987-1 Mark)

14. The species in which the central atom uses sp2 hybrid orbitals in its bonding is
(A) PH3 (B) NH3
(C) CH3+ (D) SbH3 (1988-1 Mark)

15. The molecule that has linear structure is

(A) CO2 (B) NO2
(C) SO2 (D) SiO2 (1988-1 Mark)

16. The molecule which has zero dipole moment is:

(A) CH2Cl2 (B) BF3
(C) NF3 (D) ClO2 (1989-1 Mark)
 Chemical Bonding 3

17. The molecule which has pyramidal shape is:

(A) PCI3 (B) SO3
(C) CO3 -2
(D) NO3 (1989-1 Mark)

18. The compound in which C uses its sp hybrid orbitals for bond formation is:
(A) HCOOH (B) (H2N)2CO
(C) (CH3)3 COH (D) CH3CHO (1989-1 Mark)

19 The type of hybrid orbitals used by the chlorine atom in ClO2- is

(A) sp3 (B) sp2
(C) sp (D) none of these (1992-1 Mark)

20. The maximum possible number of hydrogen bonds a water molecule can form is
(A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 3 (D) 1 (1992-1 Mark)

21. Which one is most ionic?

(A) P2O5 (B) CrO3
(C) MnO (D) Mn2O7 (1995-Scr.)

22. Number of paired electrons in O2 molecule is:

(A) 7 (B) 8
(C) 16 (D) 14 (1995-Scr.)

23. Among the following species, identify the isostructural pairs.

NF3, NO3, BF3, H3O+, NH3
(A) [NF3,NO3] and [BF3. H3O+] (B) [NF3,HN3] and [NO3, BF3]
(C) [NF3. H3O+] and [NO3, BF3] (D) [NF3, H3O+] and [NH3, BF3](1996-1Mark)

24. The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC2 are:
(A) one sigma () and one pi() bonds
(B) one sigma () and two pi () bonds
(C) one sigma () and one and a half pi () bonds
(D) one sigma () bond. (1996-1 Mark)

25. Among KO2, AlO2, BaO2 and NO2+, unpaired electron is present in
(A) NO2+ and BaO2 (B) KO2 and AlO2
(C) KO2 only (D) BaO2 only (1997-1 Mark)

26. Among the following compounds the one that is polar and has the central atom with sp 2
hybridization is
(A) H2CO3 (B) SiF4
(C) BF3 (D) HCIO2 (1997-1 Mark)

27. Which contains both polar and non-polar bonds?

(A) NH4Cl (B) HCN
(C) H2O2 (D) HCIO2 (1997-1 Mark)

28. The critical temperature of water is higher than that of O2 because the H2O molecule has
(A) fewer electrons than O2 (B) two covalent bonds
(C) V-shape (D) dipole moment. (1997-1 Mark)

29. Which one of the following compounds has sp2 hybridization?

(A) CO2 (B) SO2
(C) N2O (D) CO (1997-1 Mark)
 Chemical Bonding 4

30. Read the following statement and explanation and answer as per the options given below:
Assertion: The electronic structure of O3 is O

O O
Reason: O structure is not allowed because octet around O cannot be
expanded.
O O
(A) if both assertion and reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are correct, but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(C) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.
(D) If assertion is incorrect but reason is correct. (1998-2 Marks)

31. Read the following statement and explanation and answer as per the options given below:
Assertion LiCl is predominantly a covalent compound.
Reason: Electronegativity difference between Li and Cl is too small.
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are correct, but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(C) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.
(D) If assertion is incorrect but reason is correct. (1998-2 Marks)

32. The correct order of increasing C O bond length of CO, CO3-2, CO2 is
(A) CO3-2 <CO2 < CO (B) CO2 < CO3-2 <CO
(C) CO < CO3-2 < CO2 (D) CO <CO2 < CO3-2 (1992-2 Marks)

33. The geometry of H2S and its dipole moment are

(A) angular and non-zero (B) angular and zero
(C) linear and non-zero (D) linear and zero (1999-2 Marks)

34. Molecular shapes of SF4, CF4 and XeF4 are

(A) the same, with 2, 0 and I lone pairs of electrons respectively
(B) the same, with 1, 1 and I lone pairs of electrons respectively
(C) different, with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively
(D) different, with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively (2000-Scr.)

35. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in NO2+, NO3 and NH4+ are
(A) sp, sp3 and sp2 respectively (B) sp, sp2 and sp3 respectively
2 3
(C) sp sp and sp respectively (D) sp2, sp3 and sp respectively(2000-Scr.)

36. The common features among the species CN, CO and NO+ are
(A) bond order three and isoelectronic (B) bond order three and weak field ligands
(C) bond order two and -acceptors (D) isoelectronic and weak field ligands
(2001-Scr.)

37. The correct order of hybridization of the central atom in the following species NH3, [PtCl4]-2
PCI5 and BCI3 is
(A) dsp2, dsp3 sp2 and sp3 (B) sp3, dsp2, dsp3 and sp2
2 2 3 3
(C) dsp , sp , sp dsp (D) dsp2, sp3, sp2, dsp3 (2001-Scr.)
38. Specify the coordination geometry around and hybridisation of N and B atoms in a 1:1
complex of BF3 and NH3
(A) N: tetrahedral, sp3 B: tetrahedral, sp3 (B) N : pyramidal, sp3 B : pyramidal, sp3
3 2
(C) N: pyramidal, sp B : planar, sp (D) N : pyramidal, sp3 B : tetrahedral, sp3
 Chemical Bonding 5

(2002-Scr.)
39. Identify the least stable ion amongst the following
(A) Li (B) Be
(C) B (D) C (2002-Scr.)

40. Which of the following molecular species has unpaired electron(s)

(A) N2 (B) F2
(C) O2 (D) O22 (2002-Scr.)

41. Which of the following are isoelectronic and isostructural?

NO3, CO32, ClO3, SO3
(A) NO3, CO32 (B) SO3, NO3
2
(C) ClO3 , CO3 (D) CO32, SO3 (2003-Scr.)

42. According to molecular orbital theory which of the following statement about the magnetic
character and bond order is correct regarding O2+
(A) Paramagnetic and Bond order < O2 (B) Paramagnetic and Bond order> O2
(C) Diamagnetic and Bond order <O2 (D) Diamagnetic and Bond order> O2
(2004-Scr.)

43. Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the central atom?
(A) [ClO3] (B) XeF4
(C) SF4 (D) [I3] (2005-Scr.)

Multiple Choice Questions with ONE MORE THAN ONE correct answer:

1. CO2 is isostructural with:

(A) HgCI2 (B) SnCI2
(C) C2H2 (D) NO2 (1986-1 Mark)

2. The linear structure is assumed by:

(A) SnCI2 (B) NCO
(C) CS2 (D) NO2+ (1991-1 Mark)
(E) SO2

3. Which of the following have identical bond order?

(A) CN (B) O2
(C) NO+ (D) CN+ (1992-1 Mark)

4. The molecules that will have dipole moment are .

(A) 2, 2-Dimethylpropane (B) trans-2-pentene
(C) cis-3-Hexene (D) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane(1992-1 Mark)

5. Pick out the isoelectronic structures from the following;

I. CH3+, II. H3O+, III. NH3, IV CH3
(A) I and II (B) III and IV
(C) I and III (D) II, III and IV (1993-1 Mark)

6. The geometry and the type of hybrid orbital present about the central atom in BF3 is
(A) linear, sp (B) trigonal planar, sp2
3
(C) tetrahedral, sp (D) pyramidal, sp3 (1998-1 Mark)
 Chemical Bonding 6

Subjective Problems

1. Write the Lewis dot structural formula for each of the following. Give also the formula of a
neutral molecule, which has the same geometry and the same arrangement of the bonding
electrons as in each of the following. An example is given below in the case of H3O+
H H

H O H H N H

Lewis dot structure Neutral molecule

(1983-1 Mark each)
-2 -2
(i) O2 ; (ii) CO3 ; (iii) CN : (iv) NCS

2. How many sigma bonds and how many pi-bonds are present in a benzene molecule?
(1985-1 Mark)

3. Write the Lewis dot structure of the following:

O3, COCl2 (1986-1 Mark)

4. Arrange the following:

(i) N2,O2,F2,Cl2 in increasing order of bond dissociation energy. (1988-1 Mark)
(ii) Increasing strength of hydrogen bonding(XHX):
O, S. F, CI, N (1991-1 Mark)
(iii) In the decreasing order of the OO bond length present in them
O2, KO2 and O2 [AsF4] (2004-4 Marks)

5. The dipole moment of KCI is 3.336x10 -29 Coulomb meters which indicates that it is a highly
polar molecule. The inter atomic distance between K+ and Cl in this molecule is 2.6x10 -10 m.
Calculate the dipole moment of KCI molecule if there were opposite charges of one
fundamental unit located at each nucleus Calculate the percentage ionic character of KCI
(1993-2 Marks)

6. Using the VSEPR theory, identify the type of hybridization and draw the structure of OF 2.
What are the oxidation states of O and F? (1994-3 Marks)

7. A compound of vanadium has a magnetic moment of 1.73 BM. Work out the electronic
configuration of the vanadium ion in the compound. (1997-2 Marks)

8. Interpret the non-linear shape of H2S molecule and non-planar shape of PCI 5 using valence
shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. (Atomic numbers: H=1, P=15, S = 16, Cl = 17.)
(1998-4 Marks)

9. Write the M.O. electron distribution of O2. Specify its bond order and magnetic property.
(2000-3 Marks)

10. Using VSEPR theory, draw the shape of PCI5 and BrF5. (2003-2 Marks)

11. Draw the structure of XeF 4 and OsF4 according to VSEPR theory, clearly indicating the state
of hybridization of the central atom and lone pair of electrons (if any) on the central atom.
(2004-2 Marks)
 Chemical Bonding 7

ANSWERS

A 1. CO2 2. HCOOH and CH3COOH 3. 2

4. sp3 5. planar

6. Three centred two electron bond or banana bond

7. increases, decreases 8. N2O, I3

B 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F

5. F 6. F 7. F

C 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)

5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (b)

9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (c)

13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (a)

17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)

21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (b)

25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (d)

29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (d)

33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (a)

37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (c)

41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (d)

D 1. (a, c) 2. (b, c, d) 3. (a, c) 4. (b, c)

5. (b, d) 6. (b)

E 2. 12, 6

4. (i) F2 < Cl2 < O2 < N2 ; (ii) Cl < S < N < O < F ; (iii) O2 [AsF4] > O2 > KO2

5. 80.09% 6. +2, 1 7. 1s2, 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6 3d1

9. 2