ME 200 - Chapter 1 - BW - Working

ME 200 Thermodynamics 1
In-Class Notes for Spring 2014

Chapter 1
Thermodynamics Intro. & Definitions
Applications
Units, System, and Properties
Pressure
Temperature
Problem Solving
Divisions & Instructors

Prof. Woodland: 2:30 3:20 PM, Div. 5
Office Location: ME 1091
Office Hours: MWF, 3:30 PM 4:30 PM
Tutorial Room Hours: MWF, 4:30 PM 5:30 PM
Prof. Joglekar: 7:30 8:20 am, Div. 6

Prof. Wassgren: 9:30 10:20 am, Div. 1 (ME 1061)
Prof. Gore: 10:30 11:20 am, Div. 4
Prof. Chen: 12:30 1:20 pm, Div. 2
Prof. Sircar: 4:30 5:20 pm, Div. 3
Units, Systems, and Properties - Page 1

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1st Law Example Applications of Thermodynamics
Power plant
reference
Air Plane
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Units, Systems, and Properties - Page 3 Units, Systems, and Properties - Page 4
Applications of Thermodynamics Basic Units
Air Conditioning
Physical quantity SI English
mass kg lbm
length m ft
time s s
temperature K R
amount of matter mol lbmol
electric current A A
amount of light cd candles
Human Body Force: A Derived Unit

From Newtons Law of Motion: F = ma
Systems
Closed System (or Control Mass)
Open System (or Control Volume) Lecture 2
Properties and States
Objectives
General property definitions
States and equilibrium definitions
Pressure
Examples Properties
Is this classroom an open or closed system? :
What is a property?
Independent properties:
What about an aircraft engine?
Properties State and Equilibrium
Extensive properties: State: condition of a system as described

by its properties
Intensive Properties:
Example Equilibrium: a state of balance (no

unbalanced forces)
Water with following properties:
= 1000 kg/m3
V = 1 m3
m = 1000 kg
How many of these properties are independent?
Which properties are intensive?
State Postulate: the equilibrium state of a

simple compressible substance is completely
specified by 2 independent, intensive
properites
Pressure Simple Pressure Measurement
atmospheric pressure
vacuum
fluid
patm z
For a column of fluid system pressure patm

Free-body diagram
p1A fluid
p1
mg gas z
z z
psys psys
p2
p2A
Examples
Absolute, Gage and Vacuum Pressures
pabs
pgage
Atmospheric pressure
patm pvac
Zero pressure Which labeled point has the highest pressure?
Which labeled point has the lowest pressure?
Pressure Units Patm = 14.7 psi
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
1 bar = 105 Pa = 100 kPa 100 ft
1 atm = 1.013 bars = 14.7 psi P2 = ?
Specific Volume
Lecture 3
V 1 Temperature, Problem Solving
Specific Volume: v= =
m
Units: m3/kg or ft3/lbm Temperature
V = Volume, m = mass, Two objects in thermal equilibrium are at the
n = number of moles same temperature
Temperature is an intensive property that

V m determines whether or not an object is in
Molar Specific Volume: v = = v = M v
n n equilibrium with other objects
Units: m3/kmol or ft3/lbmol
Thermometers measure the temperature
M = molecular weight (kg/kmol or lbm/lbmol) dependence of some physical property
Recall that 1 mol has 6.022x1023 molecules Thermometers

Thermometer Physical Property Measured
Ideal gas Pressure and volume of dilute gas
Mercury bulb Expansion or contraction of fluid
Bimetallic strip Difference in expansion of two solids
RTD or Thermistor Electrical resistance
Thermocouple Voltage across dissimilar metals
Optical Pyrometer Color of emitted light
Silicon diode Electrical resistance
Gas Thermometer For gases at low pressures (ideal gasses)
from experiments
a = -273.15 C
lowest possible
temperature
Temperature scales are chosen so that
T=a+bP
For Fahrenheit scale, assign
For Celcius scale, assign 32 F freezing point of water at 1 atm
0 C freezing point of water at 1 atm 212 F boiling point of water at 1 atm
100 C boiling point at 1 atm Then

a = -459.67 F
Absolute Temperature Scales Temperature Scale Comparisons
For absolute scales assign
a = 0
Then, for a given ideal gas
T(C) = 5/9 (T(F) - 32)
T(F) = 9/5 T(C) + 32)
0 T
Kinetic Energy Potential Energy
Minimum mechanical work required to Minimum mechanical work required to
accelerate an object of fixed mass (m) raise an object of fixed mass (m) a given
from rest to a given velocity (V) in the elevation (h) within a gravitational field
absence of gravity and frictional effects Property of a system
Property of the system
V=0 V>0
mg
m m
z
F
F
reference Reference plane
Thermodynamic Problem Solving
Problem Setup
1. Sketch process
2. Label known states
3. Identify system
Assumptions
1. Process assumptions
2. Property assumptions
Conservation Eqs. Performance Indices Boundary Property Evaluat.

1. Mass 1. Cycle efficiency 1. Work 1. Enthalpy
2. Energy 2. Process efficiency 2. Heat transfer 2. Entropy
3. ... 3. Flow 3. ...
Determine Unknowns
Solution Format
Given: State in your own words what is given in the
problem statement. Example The initial temperature
is T1 = 30 C.
Find: List what the problem wants you to find.
Example a) the pressure at time 2 = ? or P2 = ?
A sketch of your control volume.
Assumptions: Example: Ideal gas.
Basic Equations: Your basic equation must be one
listed on the attached ME 200 basic equation sheet.
Solution: This includes correct units.

ME 200 - Chapter 1 - BW - Working

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ME 200 - Chapter 1 - BW - Working

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ME 200 Thermodynamics 1

In-Class Notes for Spring 2014

Divisions & Instructors

Prof. Joglekar: 7:30 8:20 am, Div. 6

Units, Systems, and Properties - Page 1

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Units, Systems, and Properties - Page 2

Human Body Force: A Derived Unit

Closed System (or Control Mass)

Extensive properties: State: condition of a system as described

Example Equilibrium: a state of balance (no

How many of these properties are independent?

Which properties are intensive?

State Postulate: the equilibrium state of a

For a column of fluid system pressure patm

Zero pressure Which labeled point has the highest pressure?

Which labeled point has the lowest pressure?

Pressure Units Patm = 14.7 psi

Temperature is an intensive property that

Recall that 1 mol has 6.022x1023 molecules Thermometers

Temperature scales are chosen so that

For Celcius scale, assign 32 F freezing point of water at 1 atm

0 C freezing point of water at 1 atm 212 F boiling point of water at 1 atm

100 C boiling point at 1 atm Then

For absolute scales assign

Then, for a given ideal gas

T(C) = 5/9 (T(F) - 32)

T(F) = 9/5 T(C) + 32)

Conservation Eqs. Performance Indices Boundary Property Evaluat.

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