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ABOUTTHEPROJECT
ProjectDescription "BibleQuotes"
Maytheyw holoveyoubelikethesun
AbouttheCircuit w henitrisesinitsstrength.

SchematicDiagram JonathanSw ift:Mayyouliveallthedaysof
yourlife.
PCBLayout
Job34:3NIV:
Theeartestsw ordsasthetonguetastes
MaterialsUse food.

Application Jesus:ThekingdomofHeavenisw ithin
you...
TotalCost

ProjectDescription
Inplacesw hereelectricityisnotavailable,aportableelectricgeneratorandabatteryarealternative
pow ersources.Thelatterischeaperthantheelectricgenerator,caneasilyberecharged,anddoesnot
requireelaboratemaintenanceprocedure.Unfortunately,acarbatteryisaDCsourcelimitedtoapotential
of12volts.Toconvertthistoa220voltsalternatingcurrent,aDCtoACinverterisnecessary.

Apow erinvertersuchasthisfeaturedprojectcanbeused.Itscircuitissimple.Requiringonlytw o
integratedcircuits,foursmallpow ertransistors,andtw opow ertransistorsasactiveelements.Onlythe
transformerisbulkyandcostly.Theinvertercansafelysupplypow erto120w attload.

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AbouttheProject
PowerInverter
AbouttheCircuit
12Vdcto220Vac
Thecompleteschematicdiagramofthepow erinverterisshow ninfigure1A.Byfunction,itcanbe
classifiedasmainlyconsistingofanastableoscillator,aflipflopcircuitthatgeneratespulsew ithopposite

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logicstatesatitsQandQoutputs,asw itchingcircuitandastepuptransformerasshow ninFigure1B. Inplacesw hereelectricity
isnotavailable,aportable
electricgeneratoranda
batteryarealternative
pow ersources.



WatchTheVideoofprojectconstruction
1.Construction1
2.Construction2
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Fig1B.FunctionalDiagramofthePow erInverterproject.

Theastableoscillatorisconfiguredarounda555timerIC.Itsoscillatingfrequencyissetto120Hzby Links
R1,R2,R3andC1.theresultingoutputisatrainsquarew av eshav ingapeaktopeakamplitudenearly NCST
equaltothe12Voltssupplyv oltage.Thew aythisoscillatorw orkscanbeeasilyunderstoodthrough
Templates
Fig.2. Google
PEX
Figure2.Internalblockdiagramofthe555timerIC. Yahoo!
Friendster
Immediatelyuponapplicationofthe12v oltsupply
v oltage,thev oltageacrosscapacitorC1isnearlyat
thegroundlev el.Thisv oltagesensedbythetrigger
comparator(pin2)ofthetimer,settingtheinternalflip
flopandhence,causingtheoutputv oltageat(pin3)to
gohighorapproximatethesupplyv oltage. Web yahoo.com
Consequently,itturnsoffthedischargetransistor
50webs.com
andallow ingcapacitorC1tochargethroughresistors
R1,R2andR3.Thecapacitorchargestow ardsthe Search
supplyv oltagebutuponreaching2/3ofthesupply
v oltage,thethresholdcomparator(pin6)isactiv ated.Thiscausestheineternalflipfloptoresetandthe
outputv oltagetogobacktogroundlev el.Thedischargetransistorthenconducts,w hichinturn,causes
capacitorC1todischargethroughR2andR3untilthev oltageacrossitdropsto1/3ofthesupplyv oltage,
alev elatw hichthetriggercomparatorsw itchesthetimeroutputtoahighstate(ornearthesupply
v oltagelev el)again,thenthecycleisrepeated.
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Theoutputoftheoscillatorisfedtotheclockinputofthe74C74Dtypeflipflop.ThisIChasadual
function.Firstitdiv idesequallyintotw othetimerfrequencytoobtainthenominal60Hzoutput,and softwarefor
secondly,itsimultaneouslyprov idescomplementaryoutputs(atitspins5&6)requiredbythesucceeding
sw itchingcircuit.
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Thepartofthesw itchingcircuitthatreceiv estheflipflopoutputsarecomposedofbuffertransistorsQ1
andQ2.ResistorsR4andR5limitthecurrentofthebaseofthesetransistorstoasafev alue.Resistors Clickhereto
R6andR7serv easpullupresistorsthatsetthecollectorbiasofthesetransistors.
checkitoutnow!
Theoutputofthebuffertransistorsareinturnconnectedtothepushpulltransistorsconsistingofthe
Q3Q4andQ5Q6pairs.ThePNPtransistorsQ3andQ5actasdriv ertransistorstoQ4andQ6, 0.0022s
respectiv ely.Theysupplythecurrentrequirementsofthemainpow ertransistorssothatthefull
saturationcanbeattained.Thecurrentssuppliedbythesedriv erscangouptofiv eamperesdepending
ontheloadconnectedtheoutputoftheinv erter.

TransistorsQ4andQ6,w iredinapushpullmode,alternatelysupplycurrentthrougheachhalfofthe
primaryw indingofthetransformer.Alternateconductionheremeansw henonetransistorisfully
saturated,theotheroneisatcutoff,andv icev ersa.Thisalternatesw itchingofthetw otransistors
createsamagneticfieldonthetransformercoreresultingtoatransferofenergyfromthesecondary
w indingoftheprimaryw inding,aprocesstermedasmagneticinduction.Thepow erav ailableatthe

secondaryofthetransformerhasbeentranslatedalreadyto220v oltsalternatingcurrentintheformof
InputYourMessage
squarew av es.Theprimarytosecondaryw indingturnsratiocausesthe12v oltprimaryv oltagetobe
steppedupto220Voltsinthesecondaryw inding.

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SchematicDiagram

Fig1A.SchematicdiagramofthePow erInverter.UseAWG#10w irefortheheavylineconnections.

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PCBLAYOUT

Thepowerinverteralthoughcomposedofonlyafewcomponentshandleslargeamountsofcurrentthus
necessitatingextraprecautionarymeasures:

UseonlyAWG#10insulatedwireinwiringconnectionsindicatedbyheavylinesinFigure1A.Usesimilarwire
sizeforconnectionstothebattery.

TransistorsQ4andQ6mustbemountedonaheatsinksufficientenoughtodissipatetheexpectedheatthat
maybegenerate.Afintypeheatsinkisspecificallyrecommendedforthispurpose.

TransistorsQ4andQ6mustbebothelectricallyisolatedfromtheheatsink
Therestofproceduresaremainlyamatteroffollow inggoodconstructiontechniquesasindoingother
electronicprojects:
1.SecurethereadymadePCB(SeeFigure3and4).Carefullycheckthefoilpath.
2.InsertandsolderthecomponentsintendedforthePCB.Takenoteoftheleadpolarityorleadorientations
oftheelectrolyticcapacitorsandthetransistors.
CapacitorsC4ismountedatthefoilsideofthePCBatthelocationindicatedinfigure4.ResistorsR10to
R13arenotmountedinthePCB,refertoFigure6.
3.Mountthepow ertransistorsontheheatsink.Iftheheatsinkistobegroundedbesuretoputmica
insulatorsbetw eentheheatsinkandthepow ertransistors.
4.Plantheoverallworktobedonetocompletetheprojectwithemphasisonthelayoutintheenclosureof
thePCB,transistorsontheheatsink,andthetransformer.

Note:dothewiringconnectionsasillustratedinthewiringguideaftertheTESTINGprocedures.

Figure3.FoilpatternlayoutofFigure4.partsplacementguideof
thePow erInverter.thePowerInverter.
*C4issolderedatthefoilsideofthePCBatthelocationindicated.
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MaterialsUse
Pow erInverter

PartsList

Semiconductor:

IC1555,TimerIC
IC274C74,CMOSDUALDFlipFlop
Q1,Q29418,NPNTransistors
Q3,Q5NA52W,PNP40W45V4ATransistors
Q4,Q6MJ15015,NPN180W120V15ATransistors

Resistors:(Allare1/4w att+5%toleranceCarboncompositiontype,unlessotherw isenoted:)

R110Kilohms
R2,R327Kilohms
R4,R53.3Kilohms
R6,R71Kilohm
R8,R947Ohms,1w att
R10,R11330Ohms
R12,R1315Ohms,1/2w att
Capacitors:
C1,C20.1uF/50Vmylar
C3220uF/25Velectrolytic
C44.7uF/16Velectrolytic
Miscellaneous:
SISPST15AmpSw itch
Transformer24VCTPrimary/220VSecondary,150w att
ICSocket,ICU81pc.
ICSocket,ICU141pc
Heatsink(fintype)9inchesinlength
Micainsulators2pcs
BindingPosts1pair
CarBatteryAlligatorClips(red&black)1pair.
BananaPlugs(red&black)1pair.
ACOutlet,(chassismounted)1pair.
PCB,Eyelets,NutsandBolts
AWG#10andAWG#22InsulatedHookUpWires,etc.

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Application
ThemainfunctionofthepowerinverteristomakeavailableACpowerininstanceswhenandwhere
electricityisnotavailable.Thisinvertercansupplypowertoanynoncriticalapplianceprovidedthatitspower
ratingiswithinthe120Wattlevel.However,sincetheoutputofthisinverterisasquarewaveandnot
sinusoidalasthesuppliedhousecurrent,theinvertercouldnotbeusedforTVandsimilarelectronic
appliances.(Note:WehaveactuallytestedthisinverterusingaTVloadandencounterednoproblematall.
Butthisisnotaguarantee,however,thatthesameresultswillbeobtainedwithotherTVbrands.Somemay
performedaswellorbetterbutothersmaybedamagedwhenpoweredbyasquarewaveACsource.)

Somepossibleapplicationsofthepowerinverterarethefollowing:

1.Lamps(fluorescentorincandescent)

2.Electricfan

3.Lowwattageheatingapplianced(120wattsmaximum)

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TotalCost
ItemQuantityPrice(P)
AWG#224m10
P.InverterKit1kit1282.50
BatteryClip1pair25
Footings4pcs.8
Screw s1/8x1/220pcs.15
Heatsink12"12"155
TW#102m73
Housing450
Paint25
Transportation2times250
TOTALCOST2293.50

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PostedbyRandy

municationsEngineering

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