Monitoring Air Quality Using USCTC Air Quality

Monitoring System (AQMS) and

Fuzzy Expert System

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of
The Department of Electrical
And Electronics Engineering of the
University of San Carlos
Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Engineering in
Electrical Engineering

By

Student Name

John D. Cruz, Jr., M.Eng.

Adviser

May 2014

1
 Advisers Certification

This thesis proposal has been reviewed by the

undersigned and is certified acceptable
in content and form for proposal
hearing presentation:

_______________________
John D. Cruz, Jr., M.Eng.
Adviser

2
 Table of Contents

Title Page

Advisers Certification i

Table of Contents ii

Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Settings 1

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Significance of the Study
1.4 Scope and Limitations
1.5 Definition of Terms

Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 5

2.1 Modeling Parameters

2.2 Simulation in Scilab
2.3 Filtered QPSK System
2.4 QPSK Modulator Baseband

Chapter 3 Methodology 11

3.1 Flow Chart

3.2 System Block Diagram of a QPSK Modulator
3.3 Software Tools
3.4 Hardware Implementation
3.5 Halfway Deliverables

Bibliography 17

Gantt Chart 19

2
 Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Settings

The main purpose of Chapter 1 is to define the problem and to outline the
proposed solution. The introduction discusses the background of the problem and leads
the reader to the formal problem statement. Before the chapter sections for the
Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study and Definition of
Terms, write at least one introductory paragraph to introduce the whole chapter.

1.1 Introduction

Chapter number and its heading use Times News Roman font size 16 and bold.
You are going to use Times New Roman font size number 12 for the text of your body.
The line spacing is 1.5 which you should use all throughout the thesis document. Use
square brackets with the number inside [1] when you cite a paper or journal to be used in
your texts. Example of an introduction is given here after these instructions.
Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem in many parts of the world [1]. As
a developing country in Southeast Asia, the Philippiness urban cities have contributed to
air pollution through growing concentration of people, traffic and industries [2].
Air quality monitoring stations are being set up by the Department of Science and
Technology to measure total suspended particles (TSP) in different urban areas in the
Philippines. One set up is currently in the University of San Carlos Talamban Campus.
This air quality monitoring station (AQMS) is an ambient air quality monitor that has
samplers and an open-path system or the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
(DOAS) to measure NO2, ozone, SO2 and benzene concentrations. This continuously
gives average concentrations data on an hourly basis acquired through a data logger and
sent to the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) [3].
 Fuzzy expert system has been a very active field of applied research that uses
fuzzy logic and fuzzy reasoning as basis for developing an intelligent response given a set
of fuzzy inputs. This kind of expert system application has been implemented on
numerous occasions [4][5][6]. The data gathered from pollution monitoring systems like
the AQMS can be used to analyze and give appropriate response by the experts or
authorities.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This is an example of a statement of the problem. Be sure to state the problem that
currently exists. You can also incorporate the objectives of your study here in order to
solve the problems you earlier mentioned. A sample of a statement of the problem is
given here.
The government agencies responsible for these air quality monitoring stations
only receive passive data. The quantitative and qualitative parameters are left to the
experts or authorities to manually interpret, analyze trends and perhaps to predict
undesirable situations.
Given this scenario, the project proposes to automate this process known as expert
system as applied to air quality monitoring. Specifically, the aims of the project are the
following:
i) Develop an expert system based on fuzzy logic to automate interpretation of air
quality data from AQMS in University of San Carlos Talamban Campus;
ii) Implement an automatic alert system through SMS based on the output of the
fuzzy expert system;
iii) Quantify the performance parameters of the developed system.

1.3 Significance of the Study

Using fuzzy logic, the expert system that will be developed here will help
determine when certain parameters exceed certain pollution limits. In this case, this will
aid environmental experts in government agencies to flag certain alerts for the
community to know.

1.4 Scope and Limitations

This study will focus on the data inputs coming from the Air Quality Monitoring
Station located at the University of San Carlos Talamban Campus. Fuzzy logic rules to be
used in this study will be implemented using Visual C# programming.

1.5 Definition of Terms

Fuzzy logic a theory conceptualized by Lotfi Zadeh as a way of processing data by

allowing partial set memberships rather than crisp value.
Air quality a qualitative measure of the condition of the air relative to a certain
government index.
Expert system a computer application where the knowledge of the human experts are
embedded to perform tasks such as decision-making, forecasting and many others.
Define only terms that have specific meaning in your study. Do not include terms that
define basic concepts and have a common meaning.
 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

Active camera control is a dynamic area of research that sees application in image
processing, medical imaging, online learning, and video surveillance among others. This
chapter explores and critiques the different sources of current literature pertaining to
active camera control and e-learning systems.

2.1Active camera control

Active camera control particularly pan/tilt/zoom network cameras have been

extensively used recently in many research areas in machine vision and e-learning.
Online broadcast of lectures such as [1] have demonstrated the potential of active camera
in capturing the important aspects of the lecture to replace traditional classroom lecture.
Some papers such as in [2]-[4] have extensively used image processing with fuzzy
controlling algorithms to intelligently capture only the image of the lecturer and writings
on the board. These methods have shown promising results that exploits the use of
pan/tilt/zoom network cameras. They have employed histogram method to determine the
position of the object of interest as shown in Fig. 1 below.

Sk 0.5 Sk 0.5 0.5 Sk 0.5

(a) le (b) f (c) rig

ront ht
Figure 2.1 Silhouette image of the object
of interest.
2.2 Video-based e-learning systems

This is one application of the active camera in the field of education. PTZ
cameras have been used in many lecture classrooms of advance countries such as Japan,
Korea and Hongkong [5],[6].

Table 2.1 List of countries and their active users (Hypothetical data only)
Countries No. of Active Users
Korea 11.8 million
Japan 9.6 million
Hongkong 3.5 million
USA 3.1 million

Do not end a section with a figure or a table. Put figures and tables in between
paragraphs. For the caption, remember that figures will have captions on the bottom of
the figure. Tables on the other hand will have their captions above like Table 2.1 shown
on this page.

Chapter 3
 Methodology

Chapter 3 discusses the methodology that the researcher will follow to develop a
solution to the problem he has defined. To give the reader a good picture of the general
flow of the research procedure, it is best to give a flowchart of the major tasks that the
researcher plans to implement.

3.1 Overview

Chapter number and its heading use Times News Roman font size 16 and bold.
You are going to use Times New Roman font size number 12 for the text of your body.
The line spacing is 1.5 which you should use all throughout the thesis document. Use
square brackets with the number inside [1] when you cite a paper or journal to be used in
your texts. Example of an introduction is given here after these instructions.
Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem in many parts of the world [1]. As
a developing country in Southeast Asia, the Philippiness urban cities have contributed to
air pollution through growing concentration of people, traffic and industries [2].
Air quality monitoring stations are being set up by the Department of Science and
Technology to measure total suspended particles (TSP) in different urban areas in the
Philippines. One set up is currently in the University of San Carlos Talamban Campus.
This air quality monitoring station (AQMS) is an ambient air quality monitor that has
samplers and an open-path system or the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
(DOAS) to measure NO2, ozone, SO2 and benzene concentrations. This continuously
gives average concentrations data on an hourly basis acquired through a data logger and
sent to the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) [3].
Fuzzy expert system has been a very active field of applied research that uses
fuzzy logic and fuzzy reasoning as basis for developing an intelligent response given a set
of fuzzy inputs. This kind of expert system application has been implemented on
numerous occasions [4]-[6]. The data gathered from pollution monitoring systems like
the AQMS can be used to analyze and give appropriate response by the experts or
authorities.

3.2 Software Tools

This is an example of a statement of the problem. Be sure to state the problem that
currently exists. You can also incorporate the objectives of your study here in order to
solve the problems you earlier mentioned. A sample of a statement of the problem is
given here.
The government agencies responsible for these air quality monitoring stations
only receive passive data. The quantitative and qualitative parameters are left to the
experts or authorities to manually interpret, analyze trends and perhaps to predict
undesirable situations.

3.3 Hardware Implementation

Using fuzzy logic, the expert system that will be developed here will help
determine when certain parameters exceed certain pollution limits. In this case, this will
aid environmental experts in government agencies to flag certain alerts for the
community to know.
This study is also useful for research concerning environmental studies and expert
systems.

3.4 Halfway Deliverables

This study will focus on the data inputs coming from the Air Quality Monitoring
Station located at the University of San Carlos Talamban Campus. Fuzzy logic rules to be
used in this study will be implemented using Visual C# programming.

Bibliography
[1 Y. Rui, A. Gupta, J. Grudin and L. He, "Automating lecture capture and broadcast:
] technology and videography," Multimedia Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 3-15, June
2004.

[2 G. Rayat, H. Kawanaka, T. Shinogi and S. Tsuruoka, "A Study on Active Camera

] Control Method Using Fuzzy Logic for e-Learning," in 17th Symposium on Fuzzy,
Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks and Computational Intelligence, 2007.