6TH LEVEL.UNIT 7.

MATTER AND ENERGY

COMPOSITION OF MATTER
NEW WORDS
Matter materia particlespartculas
Substancessustancias filter filtro
atoms tomos sievecriba
Pure puro Evaporationevaporacin
Mixturesmezclas Remainpermanecer
Heterogeneous heterogneo Distillationdestilacin
Homogeneous homogneo Heatedcalentado
Methodmtodo turn into transformarse en
Filtrationfiltracin Decantationdecantacin
size tamao density densidad

Matter is made up of substances, which is made up of atoms (air, water,

wood, diamonds, etc.)
Two types of substances:
- Pure substances. They contain one type of component (oxygen,
salt, minerals).
- Mixtures. They contain two or more pure substances (rocks are
made up of two or more minerals)
Types of mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures. We can distinguish the components (soil).
Homogeneous mixtures. We cant distinguish the components (sea
water).
Separation of mixtures
Different methods can be used.
Filtration, to separate solids from liquids or solids with different size
particles, using a filter or a sieve in heterogeneous mixtures.
Evaporation, to separate solids from liquids in homogeneous
mixtures. The liquid evaporates and the solids remain.
Distillation, to separate liquids in homogeneous mixtures. When
heated, one of the liquids evaporates and turns into gas.
Decantation, to separate substances of different density in
heterogeneous mixtures.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASMnfoe1Q-g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBCLafMPVt8
PHYSICAL CHANGES
NEW WORDS
Shapeforma Condensationcondensacin
Stateestado Solidificationsolidificacin
Meltingfusin Cubescubitos
Vaporizationvaporizacin frost escarcha
boil hervir Reverse inversa
drying secado melting point temperatura de
Boilingebullicin fusin
Evaporation evaporacin fixed ..fijado
Sublimationsublimacin boiling pointtemperatura de
air freshenerambientador ebullicin
Cooling enfriamiento

Physical changes transform the size, shape, colour or state of matter.

They dont change the substance of matter.
Changes of state
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gaseous, that can change
when heating.
o Heating matter:
Melting. A solid turns into a liquid (metal).
Vaporization. A liquid turns into gas. It can happen by:
Evaporation. The liquid doesnt boil (slowly,
drying clothes)
Boiling. The liquid boils (water)
Sublimation. A solid turns into gas (air freshener)
o Cooling matter:
Condensation. A gas turns into a liquid (shower-vapor-
mirror)
Solidification. A liquid turns into a solid (ice cubes)
Reverse sublimation. A gas turns into a solid (frost in a
car)
Melting and boiling points
o A solid turns into a liquid at a fixed temperature. This is the
melting point (water 0oC, gold 1064 0oC)
o A liquid turns into a gas at a fixed temperature. This is the
boiling point (water 100oC, gold 78 0oC)
CHEMICAL CHANGES
NEW WORDS
Recoveredrecuperado chemical changes cambios
Oxidationoxidacin qumicos
Rust xido Inside en el interior
Combustioncombustin Chemical reactions ...reacciones
Burnedquemado qumicas
Fermentationfermentacin

In chemical changes original matter turns into other different

substances. Atoms group in a different way.
Original matter cant be recovered.
Types of chemical reactions.
o Oxidation. Rust is produced when some metals combine with
oxygen, when there is some water.
o Combustion. When matter is burned, there are oxygen, heat
and light. Matter turns into other substances and produces
gases.
o Fermentation. Yeast and bacteria produce these chemical
reactions in some living things (yoghourt, wine, bread)
Chemical reactions in everyday life.
Examples:
o Combustion in vehicle motors.
o Cooking.
o Fermentation in the cook industry.
o Medicines and plastics.
o Inside living things (digestion)
FORMS OF ENERGY
NEW WORDS
Mechanical energyenerga Bulbsbombillas
mecnica Applianceselectrodomsticos
Massmasa Light energyenerga luminosa
Chemical energyenerga solar panelspaneles solares
qumica Nuclear energyenerga nuclear
Storedalmacenado huge enorme
fuel combustible mainly principalmente
batteriespilas, bateras nuclear power plantscentrales
Electrical energyenerga nucleares
elctrica Thermal energyenerga trmica
power plantscentrales elctricas
Machines mquinas
Energy produces changes in matter.
Mechanical energy. Objects produce this energy with their
movement. When an object is faster and has more mass, it produces
more energy.
Chemical energy. It is stored in food, fuel and batteries, and
transforms into other forms of energy by means of chemical
reactions.
o Food: mechanical and thermal energy.
o Fuel: mechanical and electrical energy.
o Battery: electrical energy
Electrical energy. Other forms of energy produce electrical energy
in power plants. Machines transform electrical energy into other forms
of energy (bulbs, trains, appliances)
Light energy. It comes from light (sun, bulbs). Light energy
transforms into electrical energy by means of solar panels.
Nuclear energy. Nuclear fuels (uranium, plutonium) store a huge
amount of energy used mainly to produce electrical energy in
nuclear power plants.
Thermal energy. Objects have this energy depending on their
temperature. When matter has more mass and more temperature,
it has more thermal energy.