Questions & Answers - Time of Flight Diffraction Technique (TOFD) 17/09/12 12:10 AM

NDT.net - September 1999, Vol. 4 No. 9 Quiz Main Page

Questions & Answers

- Time of Flight Diffraction Technique
(TOFD)
by Rolf Diederichs *

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All Question [Ref]

Levels read
1 TOFD is suitable for: -1
a) Flaw Sizing and Flaw Detection
b) For Flaw Detection
c) Not for Flaw Detection
d) Partially for Flaw Detection
2 TOFD is an economical technique. -2
a) Yes
b) No
3 TOFD was invented approximately in Year -2
a) 1975
b) 1980
c) 1985
d) 1990
TOFD has shown a higher Probability of Detection (POD) than
4 -2
other NDT Methods?
a) Yes
b) No
Editor
5 The TOFD principle is based on evaluation of the -
a) Diffraction Signals at Crack Edges
b) Amplitude of the echo hight
c) Sound attanuation
d) Frequency
Editor
6 How many Probes TOFD uses? -
a) 4
b) 3

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Questions & Answers - Time of Flight Diffraction Technique (TOFD) 17/09/12 12:10 AM

c) 2
d) 1
In what direction to the weld the scan is performed for initial flaw Editor
7
detection? -
a) transverse and longitudinal
b) transverse
c) longitudinal
Editor
8 Probes used for TOFD must deliver the performance: -
a) High Bandwidth
b) Narrow Bandwidth
c) Low Frequency
d) High Frequency
9 Diffracted Signals vs. Pulse Echo Signals are -3
a) higher
b) weaker
c) the same
Editor
10 In what area TOFD is uncertain? -
a) In the wall center
b) Near surface
c) Far surface
d) Near and Far surface
Editor
11 The interpretation of TOFD images is -
a) easy
b) very difficult
c) needs experience
12 TOFD shall be combined with -4
a) Radiography
b) Pulse Echo
TOFD can be applied for the same scope of materials as Pulse Editor
13
Echo Technique -
a) Yes
b) No
Can it happen that mode conversion causes virtually defects
14 -4
where there are none?
a) Yes
b) No
Shall TOFD technique be used for Flaw Detection without
15 -4
combination with other Methods?
a) Yes
b) No

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Questions & Answers - Time of Flight Diffraction Technique (TOFD) 17/09/12 12:10 AM

16 A true crack size of 35 mm was measured by TOFD as -5

a) 10 mm
b) 30 mm
c) 5 mm
d) 40 mm
What is the ideal number of signals used to size a flaw using
17 -6
TOFD?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
18 The TOFD image is similar to a -6
a) A-scan
b) B-scan
c) C-scan
d) P-scan
19 What kind of probes are usually applied with TOFD? -6
a) longitudinal
b) transversal
20 Is there a Standard or Guideline for TOFD available? -7
a) No
b) Yes
c) only a Draft
Is it necessary to define a gain or an amplitude level when using
21 -8
TOFD?
a) Yes
b) No
What probes are suitable for a working range 10 mm to < 30
22 -9
mm?
a) 2 to 5 MHz
b) 5 to 10 MHz
c) 10 to 15 MHz
23 Is one probe setup (2 probes at a fix distance) suitable? -1
a) Yes
b) No
-
24 What is the shortest near surface dead zone (in mm)? 10
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
25 What method can perform more exact sizing? -3

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Questions & Answers - Time of Flight Diffraction Technique (TOFD) 17/09/12 12:10 AM

a) TOFD
b) Reflection method
Is it true that an ASME Code has accepted TOFD in lieu of -
26
radiography examination for thicknesses over 4 inch ? 11
a) Yes
b) No
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References

1. The TOFD Method - Between Radiography and Ultrasonic in Weld Testing, Erhard, U. Ewert

2. Celebrating TOFD's 25th anniversary, Inspection Solutions No. 65, March 1999
Time of flight diffraction technique TOFD - an alternative to radiography?, Review of a regional
3.
DGZfP working group meeting, Rolf Diederichs
4. Review of some Lectures and the Panel Discussion of the DGZfP 98, Rolf Diederichs
Critical Argument regarding the European TOFD Draft standard (TOFD), Review of a DGZFP
5.
Ultrasonic Workshop, by Rolf Diederichs
The Time-of-Flight-Diffraction-Technique (TOFD)Principles, Ultrasonic Testing Encyclopedia
6.
(NDTnet)
The British TOFD standard BS 7706 - Guide to Calibration and setting-up of the Ultrasonic
7.
Time of Flight diffraction (TOFD) technique for defect detection, location and sizing of flaws,
Summarize by Rolf Diederichs
Time of Flight Diffraction Technique (TOFD) - An Ultrasonic Testing Method for all
8.
Applications?, A. Hecht
ENV 583-6 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination part 6: Time of Flight diffraction
9.
technique as a method for defect detection and sizing, Summarize by Rolf Diederichs
10. The Time-of-Flight-Diffraction-Technique, N. Trimborn
TOFD - the emerging ultrasonic computerized technique, for heavy wall Pressure Vessel welds
11.

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Questions & Answers - Time of Flight Diffraction Technique (TOFD) 17/09/12 12:10 AM

examination, G.Nardoni et al

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