GROUP (A) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS Q -3) Find the joint equation of the lines passing

through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular

Q -1) Find the combined equation of the bisector
of the angles between the co-ordinate axes.
Ans. Let lines L1and L2be the bisector of the co-
ordinate axes 1 and 2be their inclinations
1 = and 2 =
4 4
L1 bisects first and 3rd quadrant
L2 bisects 2nd and 4th quadrant
to the lines x + 2y + 37 = 0 and
3x 4y 53 = 0.
Ans. Let lines L 1and L 2 be the lines passing
through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular
to the lines x + 2y + 37 = 0 and 3x 4y 53 =
0 respectively. Slopes of the lines x + 2y +
1
37 = 0 and 3x 4y 53 = 0 are and
2

Y 3 3
L2 L1 = respectively.
4 4

4
4 Slopes of the lines L1and L2 are 2 and
X 3

4 respectively. Since the lines L1and L2 pass
through the point (1, 2), their equations
Let slopes be m1 and m2 4
arey 2 = 2 (x + 1) and y 2 = (x + 1)
3

m1 = tan = 1 m2 = tan = 1 y 2 = 2x + 2 and 3y 6 = 4x 4
4 4
Since the lines are passing through origin 2 x y + 4 = 0 4x + 3 y 2 = 0
their equations are their joint equation is
(2x y + 4) (4x + 3y 2) = 0
y = m1 x and y = m2 x
8x 2 + 6xy 4x 4xy 3y2 + 2y + 16x + 12y
x y = 0 and x + y = 0
8=0
Combined equation is 8x 2 + 2xy 3y2 + 12x + 14y 8 = 0
(x y ) (x + y ) = 0 x 2 2
y =0
Q -4) Find the combined equation of lines
Q -2) Find the joint equation of lines which pass through the origin, one of which is parallel
through the point (1, 2) and are parallel to and other is perpendicular to the line x +
the the lines co-ordinate axes. 2y +1857 = 0.
Ans. Equation of the coordinates axes are x = 0 Ans. The given equation of the line is
and y = 0 x + 2y + 1857 = 0
the equations of the lines passing through Let slopes of one line be m1 and other line be
(1, 2) and parallel to the coordinate axes are m2
x = 1 and y = 2. The slope line which is
to the line
i.e., x 1 = 0 and y 2 = 0 1
x + 2y + 1857 = 0 is
their joint equation is (x 1) (y 2) = 0 2
xy 2x y + 2 = 0
1
m1 =
2
The slope of line which is to the given
line m2 = 2
The general equation of line passing
through origin is y = mx
Pair of Straight Lines
2 Mahesh Tutorials Science

The equation of line
to the general line Q -4) Find the joint equation of lines passing
1 through the origin having the inclinations
is y = x 600 and 1200
2
x + 2y = 0 Ans. Slope of the line having inclination is
The equation of line to the general line is tan .
y = 2x i.e. 2x y = 0 Inclinations of the given lines are 600 and
The combined equation of line is (x + 2y) 1200
(2x y) = 0
their slopes are m1 = tan 600 = 3 and
2x 2 + 4xy xy 2y2 = 0
2x 2 + 3xy 2y2 = 0 m2 = tan 1200 = tan(1800 600)

= tan 600 = 3 .
GROUP (A) HOME WORK PROBLEMS
Since the lines pass through the origin, their
equations are
Q -1) Find the joint equation of lines x y = 0
y= 3x and y = 3x
and x + y = 0 (Ans. x2 y2 = 0)
Ans. The joint equation of the lines x y = 0 and i.e., 3x y = 0 and 3x + y = 0
x + y = 0 is the joint equation of these lines is
(x y) (x + y) = 0
x2 y2 = 0 ( 3x y )( )
3x + y = 0

Q -2) Find the joint equation of lines x + y = 3 3x2 y2 = 0.

and 2x y 1 = 0
Q -5) Find the joint equation of lines which pass
(Ans. x2 + 3xy + y2 7x 4y + 3 = 0)
through the point (3,2) and are parallel to
Ans. The joint equation of the lines x + y = 3 and
the lines x = 2 and y = 3
2x + y 1 = 0 is
Ans. Equations of the lines are x = 2 and y = 3
(x + y 3) (2x + y 1) = 0
the equations of the lines passing through
2x2 + x y x + 2x y + y2 y 6x 3y + 3 = 0
(3, 2) and parallel to the lines x = 2 & y = 3
2x2 + 3x y + y2 7x 4y + 3 = 0.
are x = 3 & y = 2.
Q -3) Find the joint equation of lines passing The joint equation is
through the origin having slopes 3 and 2 (x 3)(y 2) = 0
Ans. We know that the equation of the line xy 2x 3y + 6 = 0
passing through the origin and having slope 2x + 3y xy 6 = 0.
m is y = mx. Q -6) Find the joint equation of lines passing
Equation of the lines passing through the through the origin having slopes 1 + 3
origin and having slope 3 and 2 are y = 3x
and 1 3
and y = 2x respectively.
Ans. The equation of the line passing through the
i.e., their equations are
origin and having slope m is y = mx
3x y = 0 and 2x y = 0 respectively.
Equations of the lines passing through the
their joint equations is
(3x y)(2x y) = 0 origin and having slopes 1+ 3 and 1 3
2 2
6x 3x y 2x y + y = 0 are
6x 2 5x y + y2 = 0. ( )
y = 1 + 3 x and y = 1 3 x ( )
respectively
i.e., The equation are

(1 + 3 ) x y = 0 ( )
and 1 3 x y = 0
The joint equation is

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science 3

1 3 x y 1+ 3 x y = 0 equation of the line L2 is x = 3,

( ) (
) i.e., x 3 = 0
(x 3x y )( x + 3x y = 0 ) Hence, the equations of the required lines
are
2 2 2 2
x + 3x xy 3x 3x + 3xy x 2y + 1 = 0 and x 3 = 0
their joint equation is
xy 3xy + y 2 = 0
(x 2y + 1)(x 3) = 0
2x 2 2xy + y 2 = 0 x 2 2xy + x 3x 6y 3 = 0
x 2 2xy 2x + 6y 3 = 0.
2x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0
Q -9) Find the combined equation of lines
Q -7) Find the combined equation of lines which
through the origin, which are perpendicular
are parallel to the Y-axis and at the
to the lines x + 2y = 9 and 3x + y = 8
distance of 9 units from the Y-axis
Ans. Let L1 and L2 be the lines passing through
Ans. Equations of the lines, which are parallel to
the origin and perpendicular to the lines
the Y-axis and at a distance of 9 units from
x + 2y = 9 and 3x + y = 8 respectively.
it are x = 9 and x = 9
slope of given line are
i.e., x 9 = 0 and x + 9 = 0
1 3
Y
and = 3 respectively.
2 1
slope of the line L1 and L2 are 2 and
1
X O X respectively.
3
9 9
Since the lines L1 and L2 pass through the
Y origin, their equations are
x = 9 x=9
1
their combined equation is y = 2x and y = x
3
(x 9)(x + 9) = 0
i.e., 2x y = 0 and x 3y = 0
x 2 81= 0.
their combined equation is
(2x y)(x 3y) = 0
Q -8) Find the joint equation of lines passing
2x2 6xy xy + 3y2 = 0
through the point (3,2), one of which is
2x2 7xy + 3y2 = 0.
parallel to the lines x 2y = 29 and other
one is perpendicular to the line y = 3 Q-10) Find combined equation of lines through
Ans. Let L1 be the line passes through (3,2) and the origin, which are parallel to lines
parallel to the line x 2y = 29 whose slope is x + 3y = 27 and 2x = y 3
1 1 Ans. Let L1 and L2 be the lines passing through
= .
2 2 the origin and parallel to the lines
1 x + 3y = 27 and 2x = y 3 respectively.
slope of the line L1 is Slopes of the lines x + 3y = 27 and 2x = y 3
2
equation of the line L1 is 1 2
are and
1 3 1
y2= (x 3)
2 1
slope of the lines L1 and L2 are & 2 their
2y 4 = x 3 3
x 2y + 1 = 0 equations are
Let L2 be the line passes through (3,2) and 1
y= x & y = 2x
perpendicular to the line y = 3. 3
equation of the line L2 is of the form x = a. i.e., 3y + x = 0 & 2x y = 0
Since L2 passes through (3,2), 3 = a The combined equation is

Pair of Straight Lines

4 Mahesh Tutorials Science

(2x y)(3y + x) = 0 The separate equations are

2 2
6xy + 2x 3y + xy = 0
2x 2 + 7xy 3y2 = 0.
( )
y = 2 + 3 x and y = 2 3 x ( )
Q-11) Find the joint equation of lines which pass Q -3) Find the condition that the two lines of
through (4, 3) and are parallel to the lines a2x2 + bcy2 = a (b + c)xy may be coincident
x = 1 and y = 5 and perpendicular
Ans. Equations of the lines are x = 1 and y = 5 Ans. Given equation is
the equations of the lines passing through a 2 x 2 + bcy 2 = a (b + c ) xy (I)
(4, 3) and parallel to the lines x = 1 and 2 2
Compare with Ax + 2Hxy + By = 0
y = 5 are x = 4 & y = 3
i.e., x 4 = 0 & y + 3 = 0 a
We get A = a 2 ; B = bc ; H = (b + c )
The joint equation is 2
(x 4)(y + 3) = 0 i) Equation will represent a pair of
xy + 3x 4y 12 = 0 coincident lines if H 2 AB = 0
3x 4y + xy 12 = 0 2
a 2
2 (b + c ) a .bc = 0
GROUP (B) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

a2 2
Q -1) Find values of h, if lines given by (b + c ) a 2bc = 0
4
3x2 + 2hxy + 3y2 = 0 are real?
Ans. Comparing the equation ( )
a 2 b 2 + 2bc + c 2 4a 2bc = 0

3x2 + 2hxy + 3y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, a2 (b 2

+ 2bc + c 2 4bc = 0)
we get, a = 3, h = h, b = 3.
The lines represented by 3x2 + 2hxy + 3y2 = 0
a2 (b 2
)
2bc + c 2 = 0
2
are a 2 (b c ) = 0
real, if h2 ab 0
a (b c ) = 0
i.e., if h2 3(3) 0
i.e., if h2 9 Either a = 0 or b c = 0
i.e., if h 3 or h 3 Either a = 0 or b = c
Hence, the values of h are all real numbers Equation represents two coincident
greater than or equal to 3 or less than or lines if a = 0 or b = c
equal to 3, i.e., ( , 3] [3, ] = R ( 3,3).
ii) Equation (i) will represent a pair of
Q -2) Find separate equation of the lines lines if A + B = 0
represented by x2 4xy + y2 = 0 a 2 + bc = 0
Ans. Join equation x 2 4xy + y 2 = 0 Q -4) Find the joint equation of a pair of lines
2
i.e., x 4xy + y = 0 2 through the origin and perpendicular to
pair of lines 2x 2 3xy 9y 2 = 0
y
m 2 4m +1 = 0 x = m Ans. Joint equation of lines is,

2 2x 2 3xy 9y 2 = 0
4 ( 4) 4 (1)(1) 4 16 4
m= = So,
2 2
Separate equation is, 2
3y 9y 2
4 12 2 =0
= =2 3 x x
2
y
y 9m 2 + 3m 2 = 0 x = m

x
= 2 3( )
9m 2 + 6m 3m 2 = 0
(
y = 2 3 x ) 3m ( 3m + 2) 1 ( 3m + 2) = 0

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Mahesh Tutorials Science 5

3m + 2 = 0 and 3m 1 = 0 2
k2
k
= 1, =1
2 1 6 36
m= m=
3 3
k 2 = 36 k = 6
y 2 y 1
= =
x 3 x 3 Q -6) Find k, if one of the lines given by
2x + 3y = 0 (i) 4 x 2 + kxy y 2 = 0 is 2x + y = 0

x + 3y = 0 (ii) Ans. Equation of pair of lines,

4x 2 + kxy y 2 = 0 ... (i)
2
Slope of equation (i) =
3 Equation of lines is,
2x + y = 0
1
Slope of equation (ii) = y = 2x ... (ii)
3
So, the slopes of r Lines L1 and is, Solving (i) & (ii)
2
3 4x 2 + kx (2x ) ( 2x ) = 0
m1 = m2 = 3
2
4x 2 2kx 2 4x 2 =0
Now,
Dividing by x2
Lines L1 and L2 pass through the origin
2kx 2 = 0
y 3
= 3x + 2y = 0
x 2 2k = 0

y k =0
= 3 = 3x + y = 0
x
Q -7) If one of the lines given by
Joint equation of perpendicular lines,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 is perpendicular to
( 3x + 2y ) ( 3x y ) = 0
the line x + my + n = 0 then show that
9x 2 3xy + 6xy 2y 2 = 0 al 2 + 2h  m + bm 2 = 0
2 2
9x + 3xy 2y = 0 Ans. al 2 + 2h m + bm 2 = 0 ... (i)
Slope of lx + my + n = 0
Q -5) Find k if the slope of one of the lines given
by 5x 2 + kxy + y 2 = 0 is 5 times the slope l
is
m
of the other
r
Ans. Given eqn is 5x 2 + kxy + y 2 = 0 slope of to

Comparing given eqn .with m

lx + my + n = 0 is
ax2 +2hxy + by2 = 0, l
a =5 ,2h = k, b = 1 Eqn.of line
lx + my + n = 0
2h k
m1 + m 2 = =
b 1 Passing through origin,

a 5 m
m1 m 2 = = y= ... (ii)
b 1 x
Solving (i) & (ii)
m1 + m 2 = k ... (i)
2
m1m2 = 5 ... (ii) m m
ax 2 + 2hx + + b x = 0
x l
But m1 = 5m2 ... (iii)
Solving (i) & (iii) & Solving (i) & (ii) 2hx 2 bm 2
ax 2 + x + 2 =0
5m2 + m2 = k and 5m 2 .m 2 = 5 l l

6m2 = k and 5m22 = 5 2hm bm 2

a + + 2 =0
l l
k 2
m2 = and m2 =1 al 2 +2hlm + bm 2 =0
6
Pair of Straight Lines
6 Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q -8) Find if the sum of the squares of slopes = the distance of P (x, y) from the line
of the lines repersented by (x + y = 0)
x 3xy + y = 0 is 5.
2 2
x + 2y x +y
=
Ans. Comparing the equation 1+ 4 1 +1
2 2
ax 3xy + y = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, 2 2
( x + 2y ) (x + y )
we get, a = a, 2h = 3, b = 1. =
5 2
Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines 2 2
2 ( x + 2y ) = 5 ( x + y )
represented by ax 2 3xy + y 2 = 0

2h ( 3 )
( )
2 x 2 + 4xy + 4y 2 = 5 x 2 + 2xy + y 2 ( )
m1 + m2 = = =3
b 1 2x 2 + 8xy + 8y 2 = 5x 2 +10xy + 5y 2
a a 3x 2 + 2xy 3y 2 = 0.
and m1 + m 2 = = =a
b 1 This is the required joint equation of the
(m1 + m2)2 = (3)2 lines which bisect the angle between the
m12 + m22 + 2m1m2 = 9
lines represented by x 2 + 3xy 2y 2 = 0
m12 + m22 + 2a = 9
m12 + m22 = 9 2a
Q-10 )S how th at the lin es given by
But m12 + m22 = 5
3x 8xy 3y = 0 and x + 2y = 3 contain
2 2
9 2a = 5
2a = 4 the sides of an isosceles right angled
a = 2. triangle.
Ans. Given equation 3x 2 8xy 3y 2 = 0
Q-9) Find the joint equation of lines which bisect
3x 2 9xy + xy 3y 2 = 0
angles between lines represented by
x 2 + 3xy + 2y 2 = 0 3x ( x 3y ) + y ( x 3y ) = 0

Ans. x 2 + 3xy + 2y 2 = 0 ( x 3y )( 3x + y ) = 0
x 2 + 2xy + xy + 2y 2 = 0 equations are
x (x + 2y) + y (x + 2y) = 0 ( x 3y ) = 0 & ( 3x + y ) = 0
(x + 2y) (x + y) = 0
Slopes of these lines are
s e pe rate e quation s of the lin e s
1
represented by x 2 + 2xy + xy + 2y 2 = 0 are m1 = & m2 = 3
3
x + 2y = 0 and x + y = 0.
Product of Slopes =
Angle 1
bisector m1m2 = 3 = 1
Y
3

P(x,y) Lines given by 3x 2 8xy 3y 2 = 0

are to each other. . (i)
1
Slopes are m1 = and m2 = 3
3
X
1
Slope of the line x + 2y = 3 is m =
2
Let 1 be the angle between
Let P (x, y) be any point on one angle bisector. x + 2y = 3 & x 3y = 0 (ii)
Since the points on the angle bisectors are From (i), (ii) & (iii) the given lines
equi - distant from both the lines, the form isosceles right angled triangle.
distance of P (x, y) from the line
(x + 2y = 0)
Pair of Straight Lines
Mahesh Tutorials Science 7

Q-11 ) OAB is formed by th e lines 16

3y = 1
x 4 xy + y = 0 and the line AB is given
2 2 37
by 2x + 3y 1 = 0. Find the equation of the 21
3y =
median passing through O. 37
7 8 7
y= D ,
(x1,y1)
37 37 37
Ans. slope of OD,
A
7 / 37
D
m=
8 / 37
(x2,y2)
B 7
m=
O 8
equation of line OD is,
y = mx

Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x 2 , y2 ) 7x
y=
8
Since,
7x 8y = 0
D is the mid-point of AB
By mid-point formula
Q-12) Show x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 and x y = 4 contain
x + x 2 y1 + y2
D 1 , (x,y ) the sides of an equilateral triangle. Find
2 2
the area of the triangle.
The combined equation of the lines passing Ans. Let slope of OA be m
through origin is x 2 4xy + y 2 = 0 and slope OB be 1
The equation of line AB is,
m1 m2
2x + 3y = 1 tan =
1+ m1m2
1 2x ...(iii)
y= m 1
3 3=
1+m
points A and B are intersecting point of
squaring
lines passing through origin and line AB
3 (1 + m)2 = m2 2m + 1
substituting (iii) in (i)
3(m2 + 2m + 1) = m2 2m + 1
2
(1 2x ) (1 2x ) 3m2 + 6m + 3 = m2 2m + 1
x 2 4x + =0
3 9 2m2 + 8m + 2 = 0
2
9x 2 12x (1 2x ) + (1 2x ) = 0 m2 + 4m + 1 = 0
2
9x 2 12x + 24x +1 4x + 4x 2 = 0 y + 4 y +1 = 0 ... [By (i)]

2 x x
37x 16x +1 = 0
y2 + 4xy + x2 = 0
Let, x1 and x 2 be the roots of the equation
is the joint equation of lines passing
16 through (0,0) and making 600 with
x1 + x 2 =
37
xy4=0
x1 + x 2 8
=
2 37

8 y1 + y2 8 A
D , 37 , y M
37 2
O C
Point D lies on the line 2x + 3y = 1
16
+ 3y = 1
37
Pair of Straight Lines
8 Mahesh Tutorials Science

4 GROUP (B) HOME WORK PROBLEMS

OM = =2 2
2
Q -1) Determine the nature of lines represented
P2 8 by following equations :
A(
OAB) = = sq units
3 3 i) x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0

Q-13) Show that the eqation x 2 16xy 11y 2 = 0 ii) 4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 = 0

represents a pair of lines through the iii) x 2 + y 2 = 0

origin, each making an angle of 300 with iv) x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = 0
the line x + 2y 1 = 0 v) px 2 + qy 2 = 0 , where p & q are real
numbers.
Ans. i) Comparing the equation x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0

with ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,

0 0
30 30
A B
a = 1, 2h = 2, i.e., h = 1 and b = 1
x + 2 y 1= 0
h 2 ab = 12 1 ( 1) = 1 +1 = 2 > 0
Ans. Let us find the joint equation OA and OB each
the lines represented by
makes an angle of 300 with x + 2y 1 = 0
Let slope of OA/OB be m1 (say) (m) x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0 are real and distinct.
ii) Comparing the equation
1
slope of AB = m2 =
2 4x 2 + 4xy + y 2 = 0 with,

m m2 ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 we get,
tan = 1
1+ m1m2 a = 4, 2h = 4, i.e. h = 2 and b = 1
2
h 2 ab = ( 2) 4 (1) = 4 4 = 0
1
m+ the lines represented by
1 2
=
3 1+ m
1 4x 2 + 4xy + y 2 = 0 are real and coincident.

2
iii) Comparing the equation x 2 y 2 = 0 with
1 2m +1 ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get, a = 1, 2h = 0,
=
3 2m
i.e. h = 0 and b = 1
Squaring both sides 2
h 2 ab = ( 0 ) 1 ( 1) = 0 +1 = 1 > 0
2 2
y ( 2m +1)
= 2 the lines represented by x 2 y 2 = 0 are
x (2 m )
real and distinct.
(2 m)2 = 3 (2m + 1)2
iv) Comparing the equation
4 4m + m2 = 3(4m2 + 4m + 1)
12m2 m2 + 12m + 4m + 3 1 = 0 x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = 0 with
11m2 + 16m 1 = 0
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,
Lines pass through origin
y = mx is the equation is 7
a = 1, 2h = 7, b = 2, i.e. h =
2
2
11 y +16 y 1 = 0 2
x x 7 49
h 2 ab = (1)( 2) = 2
2 4
11y 2 y 49 8 41
+ 16 1 = 0
2
x = = >0
x 4 4
11y2 + 16xy x2 = 0
The lines represented by
x2 16xy 11y2 = 0
is the required joint equation. x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = 0 are real and distinct.

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science 9

v) Comparing the equation px 2 qy 2 = 0 The auxilary equations is

m2 + 2m + 2 = 0
with ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get, a = p,
m2 2m 2 = 0
2h = 0, i.e. h = 0 and b = q
2 2
h 2 ab = ( 0 ) p ( q ) = pq 2 ( 2) 4 (1) ( 2 ) 2 4+8
m= =
If p and q have the same sign, then 2 1 2

h 2 ab = pq > 0 22 3
= =1 3
the lines represented by px qy = 0 2 2 2
are real and distinct. m1 =1+ 3 and m2 =1 3 are the
If p and q have different signs, then
slopes of the lines.
h 2 ab = pq < 0 their separate equations are
2 2
the equation px qy = 0 does not y = m1x and y = m2x
represent the lines.
( )
i.e., y = 1 + 3 x and y = 1 3 x ( )
Q-2) Find separate equations of lines represented v) x 2 + 2xy cos ec + y 2 = 0
by following equations
2
i) 6x 2 5xy 6y 2 = 0 y y
+ 2cos ec + 1 = 0

x x
ii) x 2 4y 2 = 0
y
iii) 3x 2 y 2 = 0 Put =m
x
iv) 2x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0
(m )2 + 2 cos ec (m ) + 1 = 0
v) x + 2xy ( cos ) + y = 0
2 2

2 cos ec 4 cos ec 2 4 1 1
Ans. i) 6x 2 5xy 6y 2 = 0 m=
2
6x2 9xy + 4xy 6y2 = 0
2 cos ec 2 cot
3x (2x 3y) + 2y(2x 3y) = 0 m=
2
(2x 3y)(3x + 2y) = 0
m = cos ec cot
the separate equations of the lines are
2x 3y = 0 and 3x + 2y = 0. 1 cos
m=
sin sin
ii) x2 4y2 = 0
x2 (2y)2 = 0 (1 cos )
m=
sin
(x 2y) (x + 2y) = 0
the separate equations of the lines are y (1 cos )
=
x 2y = 0 and x + 2y = 0. x sin

iii) 3x2 y2 = 0 y sin = (1 cos ) x

2
( 3x ) y2 = 0 sin y = (1 + cos ) x

& sin y = (1 cos ) x

( 3x y )( 3x + y = 0)
are the separate equations.
the separate equations of the lines are

3x y = 0 and 3x + y = 0

iv) 2x2 + 2xy2 y2 = 0

Pair of Straight Lines

10 Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q-3) If lines x2 + 2hxy + 4y2 = 0 are coincident a

m1 . m2 = = 1
find the values of h b
Ans. Comparing the equation The required lines are perpendicular to
x2 + 2hxy + 4y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, these lines
we get, a = 1, h = h and b = 4.
1 1
Since the lines represented by The slopes are and
m1 m 2
x2 + 2hxy + 4y2 = 0 are coincident, h2 ab = 0
These lines are passing through the
h2 1 4 = 0
origin, their separate equations are
h2 = 4
h = + 2. 1 1
y= x and y = x
m1 m2
Q-4) Find the combined equations of lines i.e., m1y = x and m2y = x
through the origin which are perpendicular x + m1y = 0 and x + m2y = 0
to the lines represented by The combined equation is
i) x2 + 4xy + 5y2 = 0 (x + m1y) (x + m2y) = 0
ii) x2 + xy y2 = 0 x2 + (m1+ m2) xy + m1m2 y2 = 0
Ans. i) Comparing the equation x2 + xy y2 = 0
x2 + 4xy + 5y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get, a = 1, 2h = 4, b = 5 Q-5) Find k if sum of the slope of lines represented
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines by the equation 3x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is 0.
represented by x2 + 4xy + 5y2 = 0 Ans. Comparing the equation
3x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
2h 4
m1 + m2 = = we get, a = 3, 2h = k, b = 1
b 5
... (i) Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
a 1
and m1m2 = = represented by 3x2 + kxy + y2 = 0.
b 5
Now required lines are perpendicular to 2h k
m1 + m2 = = = k
b 1
these lines
Now, m1 + m2 = 0 ... (Given)
their slopes are 1/m1 and 1/m2
Since these lines are passing through the k=0 k = 0.
origin, their separate equations are
Q-6) Find k if sum of the slope of lines
1 1
y= x and y = x represented by the equation
m1 m2
2x2 + kxy + 3y2 = 0 is 0 is equal to their
i.e., m1y = x and m2y = 0 product.
their combined equations is Ans. Comparing the equation
(x + m1y) (x + m2y) = 0 2x2 + kxy + 3y2 = 0, with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
4 1 we get, a = 2, 2h = k, b = 3
x2 xy + y 2 = 0 ... [By (i)]
5 5 Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines
5x2 4xy + y2 = 0. represented by 2x2 + kxy + 3y2 = 0.
ii) Comparing the equation 2h k
m1 + m2 = =
x2 + xy y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, b 3
we get,
a 2
and m1m2 = =
1 b 3
a = 1, h = , b = 1
2 Now, m1 + m2 = m1m2 ... (Given)
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines
k 2
represented by x2 + xy y2 = 0 =
3 3
2h 1 k=2
m1 + m2 = = =1
b 1

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Mahesh Tutorials Science 11

Q-7) Show that the difference between slope of 45 3k

+3=0
lines repersented by the equation 25 5
3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 is 2. 45 15k + 75 = 0
Ans. The given equation is 15k = 120
3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0, ... (i) k=8
Comparing it with ax + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
2

we get, a = 3, 2h = 4, b = 1 Q-10) The slope of one of the lines given by the

Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of lines given by(i) equation 3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 is 3 times the
2h 4 slope of the other line. Find .
Then m1 + m 2 = = = 4
b 1 Ans. Comparing the equation
a 3 3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
and m1m 2 = = =3
we get,
b 1
(m1 m2 )2 = (m1 + m2 )2 4m1m2 a = 3, 2h = 4, b =
= ( 4)2 4(3) = 16 12 = 4 Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines
represented by 3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0.
m1 m2 = 2
2h 4
the slopes of lines represented by m1 + m2 = =
b
3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0, differ by 2.
a 3
and m1m 2 = = .
Q-8) Find the value of k, if slope of one of the b
lines given by 3x2 4xy + ky2 = 0 is 1. We are given that m2 = 3m1
Ans. The auxiliary equation of the lines given by 4
3x2 4xy + ky2 = 0 is m1 + 3m1 =

km2 4m + 3 = 0.
4 1
Given, slope of one of the lines is 1. 4m1 = m1 = ... (i)

1 is the root of the auxiliary equation
3
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of lines given by Also, m1 (3m1) =

km2 4m + 3 = 0.
k(1)2 4(1) + 3 = 0 1
m12 =
k 4+3=0
k = 1. 1
2
1
= ... [By (i)]
Q-9) Find the value of k, if one of the lines given

by 3x2 kxy + 5y2 = 0 is perpendicular, to 1 1

=
the line 5x + 3y = 0 2
Ans. Th e au xili ary equatio n of the lin es = 1, as 0.
represented by
3x2 kxy + 5y2 = 0 is Q-11) If slopes of lines given by kx2 + 5xy + y2 = 0
5m2 km + 3 = 0. differ by 1 then find the value of k.
Now, one line is perpendicular to the line Ans. Comparing the equation
3 kx2 + 5xy + y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
5x + 3y = 0, whose slope is we get,
5
a = k, 2h = 5, b = 1.
3
slope of that line = m = Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines
5
represented by kx2 + 5xy + y2 = 0
3
is the root of the auxiliary equation 2h 5
5 m1 + m2 = = = 5
b 1
5m2 km + 3 = 0.
a k
3
2
3 and m1m2 = = =k
5 k + 3 = 0 b 1
5 5
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12 Mahesh Tutorials Science

(m1 m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 4m1m2 (2x + y)(x + y) = 0

= ( 5)2 4(k) = 25 4k ... (i) The se p arat e e quati on o f th e li ne s
But m1 m2 = 1 represented by 2x2 + 3xy + y2 = 0 are
2x + y = 0 and x + y = 0
(m1 m2)2 = 1
From (i) and (ii), 25 4k = 1
4k = 24 k = 6. Y Angle
bisector

Q-12) Find the value of k, if one of the lines given P(x,y)

by 6x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is 2x + y = 0
Ans. Th e au xili ary equatio n of the lin es
represented by
6x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is Angle X
bisector
m2 + km + 6 = 0.
Since one of the line is 2x + y = 0 whose slope
is m = 2 Let P (x, y) be any point on one angle bisector.
2 is the root of the auxiliary equation Since the points on the angle bisectors are
equidistant from both the lines,
m2 + km + 6 = 0.
the distance of P (x, y) from the line 2x + y = 0
( 2)2 + k ( 2) + 6 = 0 the distance of P (x, y) from the line
4 2k + 6 = 0 x + y =0
2k = 10 k = 5. 2x + y x +y
=
4 +1 1 +1
Q-13) If the sum of the slopes of the lines given
by 2x2 + kxy 9y2 = 0 is equal to five times ( 2x + y )2 ( x + y )2
=
their product, find the value of k. 5 2
Ans. Comparing the equation 2
2 ( 2x + y ) = 5 ( x + y )
2

2x2 + kxy 9y2 = 0, with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,

we get, 2 4x 2 + 4xy + y 2 = 5 x 2 + 2xy + y 2

k 8x 2 + 8xy + 2y 2 = 5x 2 +10xy + 5y 2
a = 2, h = ,b=9
2
3x 2 2xy 3y 2 = 0
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines
This is the required joint equation of the
represented by 2x2 + kxy 9y2 = 0 lines which bisect the angle between the
k lines represented by 2x 2 + 3xy + y 2 = 0
2
m1 + m2 =
2h
= 2 = k
b 9 9 Q-15) Find the joint equation of the pair of lines
a 2 through origin and making an equilateral
m1m2 = =
b 9 triangle with the line x = 3
Now, m1 + m2 = 5m1m2 ... (given) Ans. Let OA and OB be the lines through the origin
making an angle of 600 with the line x = 3.
k 2
= 5 ; k = 10
9 9 Y

Q-14) Find the joint equation of lines which bisect 1500

A

angles betweeen lines represented by 600

2x2 + 3xy + y2 = 0 30 0
X
X' O 30
0
Ans. 2x2 + 3xy + y2 = 0
2x2 + 2xy + xy + y2 = 0 600

2x (x + y) + y (x + y) = 0 B
x=3
Y'
Pair of Straight Lines
Mahesh Tutorials Science 13

OA and OB make an angle of 300 and 1500 Now, (m1 m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 4m1m2
with the positive direction of X-axis = k2 4(3)
slope of OA = tan 300 = 1 3 = k2 + 12 ...(i)
But |m1 m2| = 4 ...(given)
1
equation of the line OA is y = x (m1 m2)2 = 16
3
From (i) and (ii), we get
3y = x x 3y = 0 k2 + 12 = 16
Slope of OB = tan1500 = tan (1800 300) k=4 k=2

= tan300 = 1 3 Q-18) If the slope of one of the lines given by

1 kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0 exceeds the slops of the
equation of the line OB is y = x
3 other by 8, find k
Ans. Given equation is kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0
3y = x x + 3y = 0
Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
required combined equation of the lines
we get, a = k , 2h = 4 , b = 1
is
Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
(x 3y )( x + )
3y = 0 represented by kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0
i.e., x2 3y2 = 0. m1 + m2 = 4 and m1m2 = k
According to the given condition
m2 = m1 + 8
Q-16) Find k, if the sum of the slopes of the lines
m1 + (m1 + 8) = 4
represented by the equation x2 + kxy 3y2
2m1 = 4
= 0 is twice their product
m1 = 2
Ans. Given equation is x2 + kxy 3y2 = 0
Now, m1 (m1 + 8 ) = k
Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
( 2) (2 + 8 ) = k
we get, a = 1 , 2h = k , b = 3 (2) (6) = k
Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines 12 = k
represented by x2 + kxy 3y2 = 0 k = 12
2h k
m1 + m2 = = Q-19) Find the condition that the line 3x +y = 0
b 3
may be perpendicular to one of the lines
a 1 represented by ax2 + 2 hxy + by2 = 0
and m1m2 = =
b 3
Ans. Th e au xili ary e quatio n of the lin e s
According to the given condition.
represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is
m1m2 = 2 (m1m2)
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0
k 1 Since one line is perpendicular to the line
= 2
3 2 3
3x + y = 0 whose slope is = 3
k=3 1
1
slope of that line = m =
Q-17) Find k , if th e s lo pes of th e lines 3
represented by the equation
1
3x2 + kxy y2 = 0 differ by 4 m= is the root of the auxiliary equation
3
Ans. Given equation 3x2 + kxy y2 = 0
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0
Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
2
we get, a = 3 , 2h = k , b = 1 1 1
b + 2h + a = 0
Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
3 3
represented by 3x2 + kxy y2 = 0 b + 6h + 9a = 0
2h a 9a + 6h + b = 0
m1 + m2 = = k and m1 m2 = = 3
b b This is the required condition

Pair of Straight Lines

14 Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q-20) Show that 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and the lines Q-21) Show that x2 4xy + y2 = 0 and the lines
(3x +4y )2 3 (4x +3y)2 = 0 form the side an x + y 6 = 0 form an equilateral triangle
equilateral triangle.
Find its area and perimeter
3 Ans. Le t O A
Ans. The slope of the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is m1 = Y
4 and OB be B
0
Let m be the slope of one of the line making the lines 60
an angle of 600 with the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 th ro u g h M x +y = 6
Since the angle between the lines having origin
slope m and m1 is 600 Let M be 0
60
m m1 the slope A
tan 600 =
1+ m.m1 of OA or O
X
OB which
3 from equilateral triangle with line x + y = 6
m
3 = 4
whose slope is
3
1+ m Its equation is y = mx ...(i)
4
m +1 m +1
tan 600 = ; 3=
4m + 3 1m 1m
3 =
4 3m
m 2 + 2m +1
Squaring both sides, we get 3=
m 2 2m +1
2
( 4m + 3) 3m2 6m + 3 = m2 + 2m + 1
3= 2 ; 3(4 3m)2 = (4m + 3)2
( 4m 3) 2m2 8m 2 = 0
3 (16 24m + 9m2) = 16m2 + 24m + 9 m2 4m 1 = 0
48 72m + 27m2 = 16m2 + 24m + 9 Joint equation of the pair of lines is given by
11m2 96m + 39 = 0 y2 y
4 +3 =0 ...[From (i)]
Since, required lines pass through the origin, x2 x
their equations is of the form x2 4xy + y2 = 0 which is given in question
y He nce, joint equation from e quilateral
y = mx i.e. m =
x triangle with x + y = 6
2
y y distance of AB from origin is
11 96 + 39 = 0
x x 6
OM = = 3
y 2
96y 1+1
11 2 + 39 = 0
x x 2

11y2 96xy + 39x2 = 0

Area of OAB =
( OM)
2

=
( 3)
39x2 96xy + 11y2 = 0 3 3
is the required joint equation which can be = 3 sq units.
written as 39x2 96xy + 11y2 = 0 In right angled triangle OAM
i.e.
OM
(9x2 48x2) + (24xy + 72xy) + (16y2 27y2) = 0 sin 600 =
OA
i.e.
(9x2 + 24xy + 16y2) (48x2 72xy + 27y2) = 0 3 3
= OA = 2
i.e. 2 OA
(9x2 + 24xy + 16y2) 3(16x2 24xy + 9y2) = 0 Length of the each side of the equilateral
triangle OAB = 2 units
i.e. (3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y) = 0
perimeter of
Hence, the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and the lines OAB = 3 length of each side
(3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y2) from an equilateral = 3 2 = 6 units
triangle.
Pair of Straight Lines
Mahesh Tutorials Science 15

Q-22) Find the joint equation of lines through the GROUP (C) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
0
origin, each of which makes angle of 30
with the line 3x + 2y + 66 = 0 Q -1) Find the acute angle between the lines
Ans. The slope of the line3x + 2y + 66 = 0 is given by x2 + y2 = 2xycosec
3 Ans. Comparing the equation
m1 =
2 x2 +y2 = 2xy cossec with ax2 + by2 + 2hxy = 0
Let m be the slope of one of the lines making we get a = 1 , b = 1 , h = cosec
an angle of 300 with the 3x + 2y + 66 = 0. The Let be the acute anle between the lines
angle between the lines having slopes m and 2 h 2 ab
m1 is 300 tan =
a +b
m m1 1
tan 300 = , where tan 300 =
1+ m.m1 3 2 cosec 2 1
tan =
2
3
m
1 2 1 2m + 3 tan = cot 2
= =
3 1+ m 3 3 2 3m
tan = cot
2

On squaring both the sides, we get, tan = tan
2
2
1 ( 2m + 3)
=
3 ( 2 3m )2 =
2
(2 3m)2 = 3(2m + 3)2
Q -2) F in d th e acute an gle betw een th e
4 12m + 9m2 = 3(4m2 + 12m + 9)
linesgiven by
4 12m + 9m2 = 12m2 + 36m + 27
(a2 3b2) x2 + 8abxy + (b2 3a2)y2 = 0
3m2 + 48m + 23 = 0
Ans. Combined equation of lines is,
This is the auxiliary equation of the two
lines and their joint equation is obtained by (a 2
)
3b 2 x 2 + 8abxy + b 2 3a 2 y 2 = 0 ( )
y comparing with, Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0
putting m =
x
So,
the joint equation of the two lines is
A = a 2 3b 2 ; H = 4a ; B = b 2 3a 2
2
y y
3 + 48 + 23 = 0 2 h 2 ab
x x tan =
a +b
3y 2 48y
+ + 23 = 0
x2 x
(
2 16a 2b 2 a 2 3b 2 b 2 3a 2 )( )
2 2 2
3y + 48xy + 23x = 0; 23x + 48xy + 3y = 0. 2 tan = 2 2 2 2
a 3b + b 3a
Q-23) Find the condition that the line 4x +5y = 0
coincides with one of the lines given by 2 16a 2b 2 10a 2b 2 + 3a 4 + 3b 4
tan =
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 (
2 a 2 + b 2 )
Ans. ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.

y y
2
2 3a 4 + 6a 2b 2 + 3b 4
ax + 2h + b = 0 tan =

x x (
2 a 2 + b 2 )
4x +5y = 0 ; 5y = 4x
2 (
3 a2 + b2 )
y 4 4 4 tan = ; tan = 3
x
=
5
; a + 2h
5
+ b
5
=0 (a 2
+b 2
)
8h 16b
a
5

25
= 0 25a 40h + 16b = 0 = tan 1 ( 3) ; =
3
Pair of Straight Lines
16 Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q -3) If the angle between the lines

ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is equal to the angle h2
2 6
tan 45 = 4
between the lines 2x2 5xy + 3y2 = 0 prove
5
2 2
that 100(h ab) = (a + b)
Ans. 1st combined equation is,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 ... (i) h 2 24
5=2
So, 4

2 h 2 ab 5 = h 2 24
tan =
a +b h 2 24 = 25
2nd combined equation is, h 2 = 25 + 24

2x 2 5xy + 3y 2 = 0 h 2 = 49
h = 7
5
A = 2, H = , B =3
2
Q -5) Show that one of the straight lines given
25 by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 bisects an angle
2 6
tan = 4 between the co-ordinate axes if
5 (a + b)2 = 4h2
Ans. The equation of a straight line is given by,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0
1
2
tan = 4 Divide by x 2 ,
5 2
y y
a + 2h + b = 0
x x
1 put y = mx
tan =
5 y
m =
As per given, x
The angle between these two lines is equal
a + 2hm + bm 2 = 0
2 h 2 ab 1 bm 2 + 2hm + a = 0
=
a +b 5 As the lines bisects an angle between co-
10 h 2 ab = a + b ordinate axes.
So,
( )
100 h 2 ab = (a + b )
2
... Hence proved
= 450
m = tan
Q -4) If acute angle between 3x2 + hxy + 2y2 = 0
m = tan 450
is of measure 450, find h.
m =1
Ans. The combined equation is,
2
b (1) + 2h (1) + a = 0
3x 2 + hxy + 2y 2 = 0
comparing with, b + 2h + a = 0

Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0 (a + b ) = 2h
squaring on both sides,
h
A = 3, H = , B = 2 2
2 (a + b ) = 4h 2

2 h 2 ab
tan =
a +b

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Mahesh Tutorials Science 17

GROUP (C) HOME WORK PROBLEMS 3

tan =
5
Q -1) Find the measure of the acute angle
3
between the lines represented by : = tan1 .
5
i) 3x 2 4 3xy + 3y 2 = 0
iii) Comparing the equation
2 2
ii) 4 x + 5xy + y = 0 2x 2 + 7xy + 3y 2 = 0 with
iii) 2x 2 + 7xy + 3y 2 = 0 ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,
Ans. i) Comparing the equation
7
a = 2, h = ,b=3
3x 2 4 3xy + 3y 2 = 0 with 2
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get, Let be the acute angle between the lines.

a = 3, 2h = 4 3 , i.e., h = 2 3 and b = 3 2 h 2 ab
tan =
Let be the acute angle between the lines. a +b

2 h 2 ab
tan = 7
2
a +b 2 ( 2)( 3 )
2
=
2 2+3

=
2 ( 2 3 ) 3 (3)
3+3

49
2 6
2 12 9 2 3 = 4
= = 5
6 6

1
tan = = tan 300
3 2 49 24
=
= 300 52
ii) Comparing the equation
25
=
4x 2 + 5xy + y 2 = 0 with 5
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get, 5
=
5 5
a = 4, 2h = 5, i.e., h = and b = 1.
2 tan = 1
Let be the acute angle between the lines. = 450
2 h 2 ab
tan = Q -2) Find the value of b, if the angle between
a +b
the lines given by 6x2 + xy + by2 = 0 is 450
Ans. Comparing the equation
2
5 6x2 + xy + by2 = 0 with
2 4 (1)
2
= Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0 , we get,
4 +1
1
A = 6, 2H = 1, i.e., H = and B = b
2
Since the angle between the lines is 450,
25 3
2 4 2
= 4 = 2 2 H 2 AB
5 5 tan 450 =
A +B

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18 Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q -4) If the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0

2
1 form an equilateral triangle with the line
2 6 (b )
2 lx + my = 1, show that (3a + b) (a +3b)
1 =
6 +b 4h2 = 0
Ans. Since the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 form an
equilateral triangle with the line
1 lx + my = 1, the angle between the lines
2 6b
4 ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is 600
1 =
6+b
2 h 2 ab
tan 600 =
a +b
1
(6 + b)2 = 4 6b
4 2 h 2 ab
3=
2
36 + 12b + b = 1 24b a +b
b2 + 36b + 35 = 0
b2 + 35b + b + 35 = 0 3(a +b)2 = 4 (h2 ab)
b (b + 35) + 1(b + 35) = 0 3(a2 + 2ab + b2) = 4h2 4ab
(b + 1) + 1(b + 35) = 0 3a2 + 6ab + 3b2 + 4ab = 4h2
b + 1 = 0 or b + 35 = 0
3a2 + 10ab + 3b2 = 4h2
b=1 or b = 35.
3a2 + 9ab + ab + 3b2 = 4h2
Q -3) Show that the angle between 3a(a + 3b) + b(a + 3b)= 4h2
(a2 12b2)x2 + 16abxy + (4b2 3a2)y2 = 0 (3a + b) (a + 3b) 4h2 =0
This is the required condition
is 600
Ans. Given combined equation is,
Q-5) Find the value of k, if the lines x2 + kxy +
( ) ( )
a 2 12b 2 x 2 +16abxy + 4b 2 3a 2 y 2 = 0
y2 = 0 and x + y = 1 contain the sides of an
comparing with, equilateral triangle. Also, find the area of
Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0 the triangle.
Ans. Since the lines x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 form an
A = a 2 12b 2
equilateral triangle with the line
H = 8ab
x + y = 1, the angle between the lines
B = 4b 2 3a 2 x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is 600
2 64a 2b 2 40a 2b 2 + 3a 2 + 48b 2 Comparing the equation x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 with
=
a 2 12b 2 + 4b 2 3a 2 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
a = 1, 2h = k, b = 1
2 24a 2b 2 + 3a 2 + b 2 + 48b 4
= 2 h 2 ab
8b 2 2a 2 tan 60 =
a +b

(
2 3 4b 2 + a 2 ) 2
= 2 (k 2) (1)(1)
(
2 4b + a 2 2
) tan 60 =
1 +1

= 3
2 k2 1
4
tan = 3 3=
2
= tan 1 ( 3)
k2 4
= 60 ... Hence proved 3=
2
On squaring both sides
12 = k2 4
k2 = 16
Pair of Straight Lines
Mahesh Tutorials Science 19

k = 4 2x1 + y1 = 0 and 2x1 y1 + 1 = 0

Let the length of the perpendicular from the Solving these equations simultaneously, we
given to the line x + y = 1 be p get, x1 = 1/4 and y1 = 1/2
Area of the equilateral triangle the point of intersection is P( 1/4, 1/2)

p2 1 1 Q -2) Find combined equation of a pair of lines

= sq units =
3 3 2 through the point (2, -3) and perpendicular
to the lines given by x 2 + xy 2y 2= 0.
1
= sq units Ans. x 2 + xy 2y 2 = 0
2 3
x 2 + 2xy xy 2y 2 = 0
Q -6) Find the value of b, if is the measure of
angle between the line 3x2 + 4xy + by2 = 0 x ( x + 2y ) y ( x + 2y ) = 0

and tan =
1 ( x y )( x + 2y ) = 0
2
x y = 0 or x + 2y = 0
Ans. Comparing the equation 3x 2 + 4xy + by2 = 0
Slope of x y = 0 is 1.
with Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By2 = 0
we get A = 3, 2H = 4 i.e. H = 2 B = b Slope of line r to x y = 0 is 1

1 equation of line r to x y = 0
Now, tan = [gn]
2 and passing through ( 2, 3 ) is,

2 H 2 AB y + 3 = 1 ( x 2)
tan =
A+B y + 3 = x + 2
x + y +1 = 0 ... (i)
1 2 22 3b
=
2 3+b 1
Slope of x + 2y = 0 is
2
1 2 4 3b Slope of line r to x + 2y = 0 is 2
= 3 +b
2
equation of line r to x + 2y = 0
On squaring both sides
and passing through ( 2, 3 ) is,
1 4 ( 4 3b )
4
= 2 y + 3 = 2 ( x 2)
(3 + b )
y + 3 = 2x 4
9 + 6b + b2 = 64 48b
b2 + 54b 55 = 0 2x y 7 = 0 ... (ii)
b2 + 55b b 55 = 0 combined equations of lines is,
(b + 55) (b 1) = 0 ( x + y +1)( 2x y 7 ) = 0
b = 55 & b = 1 from (i) and (ii)
2x xy 7x + 2xy y 2 7y + 2x y 7 = 0
2
GROUP (D) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
2x 2 + xy y 2 5x 8y 7 = 0
Q -1) Find the separate equation of the lines
represented by 4x2 y2 + 2x y = 0. Also Q -3) Find k if
find the point of intersection of these lines. kx 2 xy + 2y 2 + 19x 6y 20 = 0
Ans. The combined equation of the lines is represents pairs of lines. Further find
4x 2 y2 + 2x y = 0 wh ether th ese lines are parallel or
(2x + y)(2x y) + (2x + y) = 0 intersecting
(2x + y)(2x y + 1) = 0 Ans. Given equation is
their separate equations are
kx 2 xy + 2y 2 +19x 6y 20 = 0
2x + y = 0 and 2x y + 1 = 0
Comparing with
Let P (x1,y1) be their point of intersection.
Then (x1, y1) satisfies these equations ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
Pair of Straight Lines
20 Mahesh Tutorials Science

we get Q -5) Find p and q, if the equation

px2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x +2y + q = 0 represents
1 19
a = k,h = , b = 2, g = , f = 3, c = 20 a pair of perpendicular lines
2 2
Ans. Given equation is
Equation represents a pair of lines
px 2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x +2y + q = 0
2 2 2
abc + 2 fgh af bg ch = 0 Comparing it with
19 1 ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
40k + ( 6 ) k 9 2
2 2 a = p, h = 4 , b = 3, g = 7 f = 1 and c = q
361 1 Since the given equation represents a pair
+ 20 = 0
4 4 of line perpendicular to each other,
a+b=0
57 361
49k + +5 = 0 p+3=0
2 2
p = 3
304
49k +5 =0 Also the equation represents a pair of straight
2
lines
49k 152 + 5 = 0
a h g
49k = 147
h b f =0
k = 3
2
g f c
Consider h 2 ab = k 2
1
2 3 4 7
1 25 4 3 1 =0
= +6= 0
4 4 7 1 q
lines are intersecting 3 (3q 1) + 4 (4q 7) + 7 (4 21) = 0
9q + 3 16q 28 175 = 0
Q -4) Find so that equation
25q 200 = 0
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 (x 1) 5 (y 1) + = 0.
25(q + 8) = 0
represents two straight lines.
q = 8
Ans. Given equation is p = 3 and q = 8
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 (x 1) 5 (y 1) + = 0.
...(i) Q -5) Show that one of the straight lines given
by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 bisects an angle
(x 2
) (
2x +1 y 2 2y +1 )
between the co-ordinate axes if
= 0
x + 1 5y + 5 +
(a + b)2 = 4h2
x2 2x + 1 y2 +2y 1 x + 1 5y + 5 +
=0
Ans. The equation of a straight line is given by,
2 2
x 3x y 3y + 6 + =0
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0
x2 y2 3x 3y + 6 +
=0 ...(ii)
Comparing with Divide by x 2 ,
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 2
y y
a + 2h + b = 0
3 3 x x
a = 1, h = 0, b = 1, g = ,f=
, c = 6 +
2 2 put y = mx
Equation (ii) represents a pair of lines
2 2 y
abc + 2fgh af bg 2 ch = 0 m =
x
9 9
1 1 (6 + ) + 0 1 +1 0=0 a + 2hm + bm 2 = 0
4 4
bm 2 + 2hm + a = 0
9 9
6 + + =0 As the lines bisects an angle between co-
4 4
ordinate axes.
6 = 0
So,
= 6
= 450

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science 21

m = tan tan = 1

m = tan 450
=
m =1 4
2
b (1) + 2h (1) + a = 0 GROUP (D) HOME WORK PROBLEMS
b + 2h + a = 0
Q -1) Find the combined equation if the pair of
(a + b ) = 2h
lines through (2,3) one of which is parallel
squaring on both sides,
to 2x + 3y = 5 and other perpendicular to
2
(a + b ) = 4h 2 x 4y =7.
Ans. Let L1 be the line throught (2,3) and parallel
Q -6) Show that 2x2 + 7xy +3y2 5x 5y + 2 = 0
represents a pair of lines and find the acute to the line 2x + 3y = 5
angle between them. 2
The slope of the line 2x + 3y = 5 is
Ans. Comparing 3
2x2 + 7xy +3y2 5x 5y + 2 = 0 with 2
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0 the slope of the line L1is and it passes
3
we get through (2,3)
7 5 5 2
a = 2 ,h = , b = 3, g = , f= and c = 2 equation of the line L1is y 3 = (x 2)
2 2 2 3
condition for pair of lines is = 0 3y 9 = 2x + 4
LHS = abc + 2fgh af 2 bg2 ch2 2x + 3y 13 = 0
5 7 Le t L 2 be the line through (2,3) and
= 2 3 2 + (5)
2 2 perpendicular to the line x 4y = 7.
25 25 49 1 1
2 3 2 The slope of the line x 4y = 7 is = .
4 4 4 4 4
25 7 50 75 98 the slope of the line L2 is 4 and it passes
= 12 + through (2,3)
4 4 4 4
equation of the line L2 is
175 125 98
= 12 + = y 3 = 4(x 2)
4 4
y 3 = 4x + 8
50 98
= 12 + 4x + y 11= 0
4 4
Hence, the equations of required lines are
48
= 12 2x + 3y 13 = 0 and 4x + y 11= 0.
4
= 12 12 their combined equation is
=0 (2x + 3y 13) (4x + y 11) = 0.
The equation represents a pair of straight 8x 2 + 2xy 22x + 12xy + 3y2 33y 52x
lines
13y + 143 = 0
If is the acute angle between the lines
then 8x 2 + 14xy + 3y2 74x 46y + 143 = 0.

2 h 2 ab Q -2) Find the joint equation of the pair of lines

tan = through ( 2, 2), one of which is parallel to
a +b
the linex + 2y 3 = 0 and other is
2
perpendicular to the line y = 3
7 49
2 2 (3) 2 6 Ans. Let L1 be the line passes throught ( 2,2) and
2 4
= = parallel to the line x + 2y 3 = 0 whose slope
2+3 5
1
is
2

Pair of Straight Lines

22 Mahesh Tutorials Science

1 Q -4) Find k if x 2 3xy + 2y 2 + x y + k = 0

Slope of line L1 is
2 represents a pair of lines
equation of the line L1 is Ans. x 2 + 3xy + 2y2 + x y + k = 0
1 3 1 1
(y 2) = ( x + 2) a = 1, b = 2, h = ,g= ,f= ,c=k
2 2 2 2
2y 4 = x 2 Condition for pair of lines.
x + 2 + 2y 4 = 0 abc + 2fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0
x + 2y 2 = 0
3 1 1 9
Let L2 be the line passes throught ( 2, 2) and 2k + 2 1 2 k = 0

8 4 4 4
perpendicular to the line y = 3
equation of the line L2 is of the form x = a 3 1 1 9k
2k =0
Since L2 passes throug ( 2, 2), 2 = a 4 4 2 4
equation of the line L2 is x = 2 8k 3 1 2 9k = 0
k = 6
i.e., x + 2 = 0
k =6
Hence the equation of the required line are
x + 2y 2 = 0 and x + 2 = 0
Q -5) Find the separate equations for each of the
The joint equation is following lines
(x + 2y 2) (x + 2) = 0
10(x + 1)2 + (x + 1) (y 2) 3 (y 2)2 = 0
2
x + 2x + 2xy + 4y 2x 4 = 0 Ans. The given equation is
x 2 + 2xy + 4y 4 = 0
10(x +1) + (x +1) (y 2) 3 (y 2) = 0 ...(i)
Let x + 1 = X and y 2 = Y
Q -3) Show that the equation
The given equation becomes
9x 2 6xy + y 2 + 18x 6y + 8 = 0 10X2 + XY 3Y 2 = 0
represents two lines parallel to each other. 10X2 + 6XY 5XY 3Y 2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 2X(5X + 3Y) Y (5X + 3Y) = 0
9x 2 6xy + y 2 +18x 6y + 8 = 0 (2X Y) (5X + 3Y) = 0
Comparing with Either 2X Y = 0 2(x + 1) (y 2) = 0
2x y + 4 = 0
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
OR, 5X + 3Y = 0 5(x + 1)+ 3(y 2) = 0
a = 9, h = 3, b = 1, g = 9, f = 3, c = 8. 5x + 3y 1 = 0
Consider Th e g iven equation re presents two
abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch 2 straight lines
2x y + 4 = 0 and 5x + 3y 1 = 0
= 9 1 8 + ( 6 ) 9 3 9 9 1 81 8 9
= 72 +162 81 81 72 Q -6) Find p and q if the equation
=0 12x2 + 7xy py2 18x + qy + 6 = 0
The given equation represents a pair of represent a pair of perpendicular lines.
lines (i) Ans. 12x2 + 7xy py2 18x + qy + 6 = 0
2
Now, h 2 ab = ( 3 ) 9 1 = 9 9 = 0 7 q
a = 12, h = , b = p, c = 6, g = 9, f =
2
As h ab = 0 lines are parallel. (ii) 2 2

From (i) & (ii) Conditions of perpendicular lines,

a+b = 0
9x 2 6xy + y 2 +18x 6y + 8 = 0
12 p = 0
represents a pair of parallel straight lines.
p = 12
Condition for pair of lines,
abc + 2fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science 23

q 7 2
240 + 2 2q 2 + 240 + 4q = 0
12 (p)(6) + 2 (9) 12
q
2 2 2 2q 2 4q + 2 = 0
49 q 2 2q + 1 = 0
(p) 81 6 =0
4 (q 1) (q 1) = 0
63q 147 i.e. q = 1
72 p 3q2 + 81p =0
2 2 q 2 =1 ; q =1 ; p = 8, q = 1
63q 147
72 12 3q2 + 81 12 =0 Q -8) Find the value of k, if each of the following
2 2
equations represents a pair of lines :
63q 147 i) 3x2 + 10xy +3y2 +16y +k = 0.
864 3q2 + 972 =0
2 2 ii) kxy + 10x +6y +4 = 0
63q 147 iii) x2 + 3xy +2y2 +x y +k = 0
108 3q 2 =0
2 2 Ans. i) Given equation is
6q2 + 63q 69 = 0 3x 2 + 10xy +3y2 +16y +k = 0.
2q2 + 21q 23 = 0 Comparing it with
2q2 + 23q 2q 23 = 0 ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
q (2q + 23) 1 (2q + 23) = 0 we get, a = 3, h = 5 b = 3 , g = 0, f = 8 c = k
23 Since the equation represents a pair of
q= or q = 1 lines
2
p = 12 abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0
(3)(3)(k) + 2 (8) (0) (5) 3(8)2 3 (0)2 k (5)2
Q -7) Find p and q if the following equations =0
represent a pair of parallel lines 9k + 0 192 0 25k
2x 2 + 8xy + py2 + qx + 2y 15 = 0 16k 192 = 0
Ans. The equation is, 16k 192
Hence k = 12
2x 2 + 8xy + py 2 + qx + 2y 15 = 0
ii) Given equation is kxy + 10x + 6y + 4 = 0
comparing with
Comparing it with
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
q k
a = 2, h = 4, b = p, g = , f = 1, c = 15 we get, a = 0, h = b = 0 , g = 5, f = 3
2 2
The lines are parallel c=4
2
h ab = 0 Since the equation represents a pair of
2 lines
( 4) 2( p) = 0
abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0
2
(4) = 2p k
(0)(0)(4) + 2 (3) (5) 0 (3)2 0 (5)2
16 2
p=
2 2
k
p=8 4 = 0
2
The above equation represents pair of line 0 + 15k 0 0 k 2 = 0
abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch 2 = 0 15k k2 = 0
2 k (k 15) = 0
q 2 q
2 ( 8 ) ( 15 ) + 2 (1) ( 4 ) 2 (1) 8 k = 0 or k = 15
2 2
If k = 0 then the given equation becomes
2
( 15 ) ( 4 ) = 0 10x + 6y + 4 = 0 which does not represent a
pair of lines
q
8 ( 30 ) + 2 (1) 4 2 2q 2 + 240 = 0 k 0
2
Pair of Straight Lines
24 Mahesh Tutorials Science

Hence k = 15
c2 c bc
iii) Given equation is a 0 0 + 0 =0
4 2 2
x 2 + 3xy +2y2 +x y +k = 0
Comparing it with ac 2 bc 2
0 0+0 =0
ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 4 4

3 1 1 ac 2 bc 2
we get, a = 1, h = b=2,g= ,f= =0
2 2 2 4 4
c=k ac2 + bc2 = 0
Since the equation represents a pair of c2 (a + b) = 0
lines a + b = 0 or c = 0
This is the required condition
a h g
h b f =0 Q-10) Find p and q if the equation
g f c px2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x + 2y + q = 0 represent
two straight lines which are perpendicular.
3 1 Also find the co-ordinate of their point of
1
2 2 intersection.
3 1
2 =0 Ans. Given equation is
2 2
px2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x +2y + q = 0
1 1
k
2 2 Comparing it with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
2 3 1 a = p, h = 4 , b = 3, g = 7 f = 1 and c = q
1
3 4 1 = 0
2 Since the given equation represents a pair
1 1 2k
of line perpendicular to each other,
2 3 1 a+b=0
3 4 1 = 0 p+3=0
1 1 2k p = 3
2 (8k 1) 3 (6k +1 ) + 1 (3 4) = 0 Also the equation represents a pair of straight
16k 2 18k 3 7 = 0 lines
2k 12 = 0
2k = 12 a h g
k = 6 h b f =0
g f c
Q -9) Find the condition that equation
ax2 +by +cx +cy = 0 may represent a l pair 3 4 7
of lines 4 3 1 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 7 1 q
ax 2 +by +cx +cy = 0 with
Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By2 + 2Gx + 2Fy + C = 0, we get 3 (3q 1) + 4 (4q 7) + 7 (4 21) = 0

c c 9q + 3 16q 28 175 = 0
A = a, H = 0, B = b, g = ,f= ,C=0
2 2 25q 200 = 0
The given equation represents a pair of lines 25(q + 8) = 0
q = 8
c
a 0
2 p = 3 and q = 8
A H G
c
H B F = 0 i.e, if 0 b =0
2
G F C
c c
0
2 2
Pair of Straight Lines
Mahesh Tutorials Science 25

BASIC ASSIGNMENTS (BA) : Q-2) Find the separate equations of the lines
BA 1 represented by the following equations :
x2 4xy = 0
Q-1) Find the joint equation of the following pair Ans. Given equation is x2 4xy = 0
of lines x(x 4y) = 0
i) 2x + y = 0 and 3x 5y = 0 The separate equations of lines are x = 0
ii) Passing through (2, 3) and perpendicular and x 4y = 0.
to the lines 3x + 2y 1 = 0 and
x 3y + 2 = 0 Q-3) Find the joint equation of pair of lines through
Ans. i) Given equations : the origin, which are perpendicular to the
2x + y = 0 and 3x 5y = 0 lines represented by 5x2 + 2xy 3y2 = 0
Joint equation of the two lines u = 0 and Ans. Given equation is 5x2 + 2xy 3y2 = 0.
v = 0 is uv = 0 Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we
Joint equation of 2x + y = 0 and 3x 5y = 0 get a = 5, h = 1, and b = 3
is Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
(2x + y)(3x 5y) = 0 represented by 5x2 + 2xy 3y2 = 0
6x2 10xy + 3xy 5y2 = 0 2h 2
m1 + m2 = = and
6x2 7xy 5y2 = 0 is the joint equation. b 3
a 5
ii) Given equation of line is 3x + 2y 1 = 0 m1.m2 = =
b 3
3 1 Since, the required lines are perpendicular
y= x+
2 2 to these lines
3 1 1
Slope is Slopes of the required lines are m and m
2 1 2

And equation of line is x 3y + 2 = 0 Required lines also pass through the origin,
3y = x + 2 therefore their equations are of the form
x 2 1
y= + 1
3 3 y = m x and y = x
1 m2
1 x + m1y = 0 and x + m2y = 0
Slope is
3 The joint equation of the lines is given by
Let u and v be the lines passing through (x + m1y)(x + m2y) = 0
(2, 3) and perpendicular to the above lines x2 + (m1 + m2) xy + m1m2y2 = 0
2 2 5
Slope of u is and v is 3 x2 + xy y2 = 0
3 3 3
2 3x2 + 2xy 5y2 = 0
Equation of u is y 3 = (x 2)
3
3y 9 = 2x 4 Q-4) Find k if, slope of one of the lines given by
2x 3y + 5 = 0 ....(i) kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0 exceeds the slope of the
Equation of u is y 3 = 3(x 2) other by 8.
y 3 = 3x + 6 Ans. Given equation is kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0
3x + y 9 = 0 ....(ii) Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we
Joint equation of (i) and (ii) is get a = k, 2h = 4, and b = 1
(2x 3y + 5)(3x + y 9) = 0 Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
6x2 + 2xy 18x 9xy 3y2 + 27y + 15x + represented by kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0.
5y 45 = 0 m1 + m2 = 4 and m1m2 = k
6x2 7xy 3y2 3x + 32y 45 = 0 is the According to the given condition,
joint equation. m2 = m1 + 8
m1+m1 + 8 = 4
Pair of Straight Lines
26 Mahesh Tutorials Science

2 m1 = 4 b 2h
+ +a=0
m1 = 2 9 3
Now, m1(m1 + 8) = k b + 6h + 9a = 0
(2)(2 + 8) = k 9b + b + 6h = 0
2(6) = k This is the required condition.
12 = k
Q-2) If the slope of one of the lines given by ax2
k = 12
+ 2hxy + by2 = 0 is four times the other,
Q-5) Find the joint equation of the lines passing show that 16h2 = 25ab
through the origin having inclinations 600 Ans. Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
and 1200 with Xaxis represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
Ans. Slope of the line having inclination 600 is 2h a
m1 + m2 = and m1m2 =
m1 = tan 60 = 3 0 b b
And Slope of the line having inclination 1200 According to the given condition,
is m2 = tan 1200 = tan (180 600) = tan 600 m2 = 4m1

= 3 2h
m1 + 4m1 =
Required lines pass through the origin, b
therefore their equations are of the form 2h
5m1 =
y = mx b
Equations of the required lines are y = m1x 2h
and y = m2x m1 = ... (i)
5b
i.e. y = 3 x and y = 3 x a
Also, m1(4m1) =
i.e. 3 x y = 0 and 3x+y=0 b
The joint equation of these lines is given by a
4m12 =
( 3x y )( )
3x + y = 0 b

3x2 y2 = 0 a
m 12 =
4b
BA 2 2
2h a
= ... [From (ii)]
5 b 4b
Q-1) Find the condition that the line 3x + y = 0
may be perpendicular to one of the lines 4h 2 a
2 =
given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 25b 4b
Ans. Auxiliary equation of ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is
4h 2 a
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0. = , as b 0
25b 4
Slope of the lines 3x + y = 0 is 3
16h2 = 25ab
Now, one of the line s re pre se nte d by
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is perpendicular to the Q-3) Find the measure of acute angle between
line 3x + y = 0 the lines represented by 2x2 + 7xy + 3y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 2x2 + 7xy + 3y2 = 0.
1
Slope of that line is m = Comparing with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get
3
7
1 a = 2, h = and b = 3
m= is a root of the auxiliary equation 2
3
Let be the acute angle between the lines.
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0.
tan
2
1 1
b + 2h + a = 0 49 5
3 3 2 6 2
2 h 2 ab 4 2 =1
= = =
a +b 2+3 5

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science 27

tan = 1
2
= 450 1
2 2 ( 3)
2
Q-4) Show that 2x2 xy 3y2 6x + 19y 20 = 0 2 + ( 3)
=
represents a pair of lines, also find the
acute angle between them.
Ans. Given equation of straight line is
1
2x2 xy 3y2 6x + 19y 20 = 0 2 +6
4 25
Comparing with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + = = 2
1 4
c = 0, we get
1
a = 2, h = , b = 3, g = 3,
2 5
= 2
2
19
f= , c = 20 tan = 5; = tan1(5)
2
If the equation represents a pair of lines then
Q-5) Find the value of k, if the following
a h g
equations represents a pair of lines
h b f =0
3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 + 16y + k = 0
g f c
Ans. Given equation is 3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 + 16y + k = 0
Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy
1
2 3 + c = 0, we get
a h g 2
a = 3, h = 5, g = 0, f = 8 and c = k
h b f 1 19
D = = 3 Since the euation represents a pair of lines
g f c 2 2
19 abc + 2fgh af2 bg2 ch2 = 0
3 20
2 3(3)(k) + 2(8)(0)(5) 3(8)2 3(0)2 k(5)2 = 0
9k + 0 192 0 25k = 0
361 1 57 16k 192 = 0
= 2 60 10 +
4 2 2 16k 192
19 Hence, k = 12
+ ( 3) 9
4
BA 3
240 361 1 20 + 57
= 2 +
Q-1) If one of the lines given by 3x2 kxy + ky2
4 2 2
19 36 = 0 is perpendicular to the line 5x + 3y = 0
3
4 Ans. Given equations is 3x2 kxy + 5y2 = 0.

121 77 165
= + + Its auxiliary equation is 5m2 km + 3 = 0
2 4 4
5
242 + 242 Slope of the line 5x + 3y = 0 is
= = 0 3
4
Slope of the perpendicular to 5x + 3y = 0
Since, determinant of the given equation is
zero, it represents a pair of lines. 3
is .
Let be the acute angle between the pair 5
lines. 3
is a root of auxiliary equation
5
2 h 2 ab
tan = 5m2 km + 3 = 0
a +b
2
3 3
5 k + 3 = 0
5 5

Pair of Straight Lines

28 Mahesh Tutorials Science

45 3k Q-4) If the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2

+3=0
25 5 = 0 make angles of equal measure with the
45 15k + 75 = 0 coordinate axes, then show that a = b.
15k = 120 Ans. Let two lines make equal angle with two
k=8 coordinate axes.

Q-2) Find the joint equation of pair of lines Thus, these lines will form angle and
2
through the origin and perpendicular to the

lines given by 2x2 3xy 9y2 = 0 or and + with the positive direction of
2
Ans. Given equation is 2x2 3xy 9y2 = 0
X-axis.
i.e. 2x2 6xy + 3xy 9y2 = 0
Slope of the first line is m1 = tan and
i.e. 2x(x 3y) + 3y(x 3y) = 0
i.e. (x 3y)(2x + 3y) = 0
slope of the other line is m2 = tan or
2
Seperate equations of 2x 3xy 9y = 02 2
are x 3y = 0 and 2x + 3y = 0

tan +
1 2 2
Slopes of these lines are and
3 3
m2 = cot or m2 = cot
Now, required lines are perpendicular to
m1m2 = tan cot = 1
these lines, therefore their slopes are 3 or m1m2 = tan (cot ) = 1
3 m1 m2 = 1
and .
2
a
Since these lines also pass through the But m1m2 =
b
origin, their equations are of the form
a
3 =1
y = 3x and y = x b
2
a=b
i.e. 3x + y = 0 and 3x 2y = 0
The combined equation of the lines is Q-5) Find the joint equation of pair of lines
given by through (2, 3) and parallel to
(3x + y)(3x 2y) = 0 x2 + xy y2 = 0
9x2 3xy 2y2 = 0 Ans. Solution is attached at end

Q-3) Determine the nature of lines represented ADVANCED ASSIGNMENTS (AA) :

by x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0 AA 1
Ans. Given equation is x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0
Comparing with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, Q-1) Find the joint equation of pair of lines
we get a = 1, 2h = 7 throu gh the origin an d making an
7 equilateral triangle with the line y = 3
i.e. h = and b = 2 Ans. Let OA and OB be the lines through the
2
origin making an angle of 600 with the line
49 49 8 41
Now, h2 ab = 2= = >0 y=3
4 4 4
OA and OB make an angle of 600 and
The lines represented by x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0
1200 with the positive direction of X-
are real and distinct.
axis.
Slope of OA = tan 600 = 3
Equation of line OA is y = 3x
3xy=0

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science 29

(x 1)(x 6) = 0
Y The separate equations of x2 7x + 6 = 0
are
y=3 x1=0 ... (i)
B 60
0
60
0
A and x6=0 ... (ii)
Let the equation of side AB be x 1 = 0 and
equation of side CD be x 6 = 0.
0
120 Consider, y2 14y + 40 = 0.
0
60 (y 4)(y 10) = 0
600 The separate equations of y2 14y + 40 = 0
X O X
are
y4=0 ... (iii)
and y 10 = 0 ... (iv)
Y
Let the equation of side BC be y 4 = 0 and
equation of side AD be y 10 = 0.
Slope of OB = tan 1200 = tan (1800 600)
= tan 600 = 3 Y

Equation of line OB is A(1,10) D(6,10)

y = 10

y = 3 x i.e. 3x+y=0
The joint equation of the lines is given by

( 3x y )( )
3x + y = 0
y=4
i.e. 3x2 y2 = 0 B(1,4) C(6,4)

Q-2) Fin d the sepaeate equation s of the

following lines O X
2 2
(x 2) 3(x 2)(y + 1) + 2(y + 1) = 0 x=1 x=6
Ans. Given equation of line is
(x 2)2 3(x 2)(y + 1) + 2(y + 1)2 = 0 Solving (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), co-ordinates of
(x 2)2 2(x 2)(y + 1) (x 2)(y + 1) vertices of the parallelogram are A (1,10),
+ 2(y + 1)2 = 0 B (1,4), C (6,4) and D (6,10).
(x 2) [(x 2) 2(y + 1)] (y + 1)[(x 2) Equation of the diagonal AC is
2(y + 1)] = 0 y 10 10 4 6
= =
[(x 2) (y + 1)] [x 2) 2(y + 1)] = 0 x 1 1 6 5
(x 2 y 1)(x 2 2y 2) = 0 5y + 50 = 6x 6
(x y 3)(x 2y 4) = 0 6x + 5y 56 = 0
Thus, separate equation of the lines are Equation of diagonal BD is
x y 3 = 0 and x 2y 4 = 0
y 4 4 10 6 6
= = =
x 1 1 6 5 5
Q-3) Equation of pairs of opposite side of a
5y 20 = 6x 6
parallelogram are x2 7x + 6 = 0 and
6x 5y + 14 = 0
y2 14y + 40 = 0. Find the joint equation of
Equ atio ns o f th e di agon als of t he
its diagonals.
parallelogram are 6x + 5y 56 = 0 and
Ans. Let ABCD be the parallelogram such that the
6x 5y + 14 = 0 respectively.
combined equation of sides AB and CD is
Joint equation is
x 2 7x + 6 = 0
(6x + 5y 56)(6x 5y + 14) = 0
And the combined equation of sides BC and
6x (6x 5y + 14) + 5y (6x 5y + 14)
AD is y2 14y + 40 = 0.
56 (6x 5y + 14) = 0
Consider x2 7x + 6 = 0

Pair of Straight Lines

30 Mahesh Tutorials Science

36x2 30xy + 84x + 30xy 25y2 + 70y

3
336x + 280y 784 = 0 m
4
36x2 25y2 252x + 350y 784 = 0 3 =
3
1+ m
Q-4) Show that the joint equation of a pair of 4
lines through the origin and each making
4m + 3
an angle of with x + y = 0 is 3 = 4 3m
x2 + 2sec 2axy + y2 = 0
Squaring both sides, we get
Ans. Let OA and OB be the required lines.
2
Let m be the slope of OA or OB. ( 4m + 3 )
3= 2
Its equation is y = mx ... (i) ( 4 3m )
it makes an angle with the line x + y = 0
3(4 3m)2 = (4m + 3)2
whose slope is 1.
3(16 24m + 9m2) = 16m2 + 24m + 9
m +1 48 72m + 27m2 = 16m2 + 24m + 9
tan =
1+ m ( 1) 11m2 96m + 39 = 0 ... (i)
Since, required lines pass through the origin,
Squaring both sides, we get
their equations are of the form y = mx i.e.
2

2
(m +1) y
tan = 2 m=
(1 m ) x
tan2 (1 2m + m2) = m2 + 2m + 1 2
y y
tan2 2m tan2 + m2 tan2 = m2 + 2m + 11 96 + 39 = 0 ... [From (i)]
x x
1
(tan2 1)m2 2(1 + tan2 ) m + 11y 2 96y
+ 39 = 0
(tan2 1) = 0 x2 x
11y2 96xy + 39x2 = 0
1+ tan2
m2 2 2 m + 1 = 0 39x2 96xy + 11y2 = 0 is the required joint.
tan 1
e quati on w hich can be writte n as
1+ tan 2 39x2 + 96xy 11y2 = 0
m2 + 2 m + 1 = 0
2
1 tan i.e. (9x2 + 48x2) + (24xy + 72xy)
+ (16y2 27y2) = 0
m2 + 2(sec 2) m + 1 = 0
i.e. (9x2 + 24xy + 16y2)
y2 y (48x2 72xy + 27y2) = 0
2 + 2(sec 2) +1= ... [From (i)]
x x
i.e. (9x2 + 24xy + 16y2)
2 2
y + 2xy sec 2 + x = 0 3(16x2 24xy + 9y2) = 0
x2 + 2xy sec 2 + y2 = 0 is the required i.e. (3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y)2 = 0
joint equation. Hence, the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and the lines
(3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y)2 form an equilateral
Q-5) Show that 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and
triangle.
(3x +4y)2 3(4x 3y)2 = 0
form an equilateral triangle. AA 2

3
Ans. Slope of the line 3x + 4y = 5 is m1 = Q-1) If the slope of one of the lines given by ax2
4
+ ab2 + 8h3 = 6abh is square of the slope of
Let m be the slope of one of the line making
an angle of 600 with the line 3x + 4y = 5. the other line, then show that a2b + ab2 +
8h3 = 6abh
Since, the angle between the lines having
slope m and m1 is 600, Ans. Let m be the slope of one of the lines given by
ax2 + 2hxy + by3 = 0
m m1 Slope of the other line = m2
tan 600 = 1+ m.m
1

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science 31

2h Comparing the coefficients of (i) and (ii), we

m + m2 = ... (i)
b a b 2b 2c
get = = = and 2a + c = 0
1 2 4 k
a a
and m.m2 = i.e. m3 = ... (ii)
b b 2c
a= and c = 2a
k
(m + m2) = m3 + (m2)3 + 3(m)(m2)(m + m2)
3
2 ( 2a )
2h a a 2 a 2h a=
= + 2 + k
b b b b b
4
3 2 1=
8h a a 6ah k
= + 2 2
b3 b b b k=4
3
Multiplying both sides by b , we get
Q-4) Find the joint equation of bisectors of
3 2 2
8h = ab + a b 6abh angles between the lines represented by
a2b + ab2 + 8h3 = 6abh 5x2 + 6xy y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 5x2 + 6xy y2 = 0
Q-2) If the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we
form an equilateral triangle with the line get a = 5, 2h = 6 and b = 1
lx + my = 1 then show that Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines
(3a + b)(a + b) 4h2 = 0 represented by 5x2 + 6xy y2 = 0.
Ans. Lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 form an equilateral m1 + m2 = 6 and m1.m2 = 5 ...(i)
triangle with the line lx + my = 1 The separate equations of the lines are
Angle between the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 y = m1x and y = m2x, where m1 m2
= 0 is 600 m1x y = 0 and m2x y = 0
2 h 2 ab Let (x,y) be any point on one of the bisector
0
tan 60 = a +b of the angles between the lines.
Distance of P from the line m1x y = 0 is
2 h ab 2 equal to the distance of P from line
3 = a +b m2x y = 0.

3(a + b)2 = 4(h2 ab) Y

3(a2 + 2ab + b2) = 4h2 4ab
Angle
3a2 + 6ab + 3b2 + 4ab = 4h2 bisector
3a2 + 10ab + 3b2 = 4h2 P(x,y)
3a2 + 9ab + ab + 3b2 = 4h2
3a (a + 3b) + b(a + 3b) = 4h2
(3a + b)(a + 3b) 4h2 = 0


Q-3) If the line x + 2 = 0 coincides with one of X
the lines represented by the Equation Angle bisector
x2 + 2xy + 4y + k = 0 then prove that k = 4
Ans. Given equation is
x2 + 2xy + 4y + k = 0 ... (i) m1 x y m2 x y
=
One of the lines represented by given m12 +1 m 22 +1
equation is x + 2 = 0.
Squaring both sides, we get
Let the other line be ax + by + c = 0
2 2
The combined equation of the lines is (m1 x y ) (m 2 x y )
=
given by (x + 2) (ax + by + c) = 0 m12 +1 m22 +1
ax2 + bxy + cx + 2ax + 2by + 2c = 0
[(m22 + 1)(m1x y)2] = [(m12 + 1)(m2x y)2]
ax2 + bxy + (2a + c)x + 2by + 2c = 0 ...(ii)
Pair of Straight Lines
32 Mahesh Tutorials Science

[(m22 + 1)(m12x2 2m1xy + y2)

= (m12 + 1)(m22x2 2m2xy + y2)
m1 m2 x 2m1m22xy + m22y2 + m12x2
2 2 2

2m1xy + y2 m12m22x2 2m12m2xy + m12y2

+ m22x2 2m2xy + y2
(m12 m22)x2 + 2m1m2(m1 m2)xy
2(m1 m2)xy (m12 m22)y2 = 0
Dividing throughout by m1 m2, we get,
(m1 + m2)x2 + 2m1m2xy 2xy (m1 m2)y2 = 0
6x2 10xy 2xy 6y2 = 0 ...[By (i)]
6x2 12xy 6y2 = 0
x2 2xy y2 = 0 is the required joint
equation.

Q-5) Find the measure of the acute angle

between the lines represented by (a2 3b3)
x2 + 8abxy + (b2 3a2)y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is
(a2 3b3) x2 + 8abxy + (b2 3a2)y2 = 0
Comparing with Ax2 + 2Hxy + By2 = 0, we
get A = a2 3b2, H = 4ab and B = b2 3a2
Now, H2 AB = 16a2b2 (a2 3b2)(b2 3a2)
= 16a2b2 (a2 3b2)(3a2 b2)
= 16a2b2 3a4 10a2b2 + 3b4
= 3(a2 + b2)2
H 2 AB = 3 (a2 + b2)
Also, A + B = (a2 3b2)(b2 3a2)
= 2(a2 + b2)
Let be the acute angle between the lines.
tan

2 H2 AB
=
2 3 a2 + b2( = 3
)
= A + AB (
2 a 2 + b 2 )
= 600

Pair of Straight Lines