SILeader:CarolineChristian

Course:Biol24201
Instructor:Dr.Corbitt
Date:3/22/17

Chapter43:ImmuneandLymphaticSystems

1. The ______________________ system is a network of tiny vessels intermingled among

capillaries of the circulatory system. It returns lost fluids and proteins back to the blood.
It is a ___________-way system under (low/high) pressure
Lymphatic system transports lymph fluid back into the _________________ with ducts.
Lymph fluid is moved forward by _______________________________
The fluid that enters the lymphatic system by diffusion is called _________________,
which has the same composition as interstitial fluid.
______________________ are organs located along the lymph vessel, which play an
important role in the bodys defense. They filter potentially harmful organisms from
the blood stream as well as producing __________________________.
Major Lymphatic organs:
i. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
White blood cells that mature in the bone marrow are called ______________. When
they mature in the thymus they are called __________________.
2. The ______________________ system defends against pathogensinfectious agents such as
bacteria, viruses, protists, and fungithat cause disease. It is one of the major
communication systems in the body.
3. _____________________ immunity is active immediately upon exposure to a pathogen. This
type of immunity is (specific/non-specific), meaning the response is the same whether or
not the pathogen was previously encountered.
Non-specific immunity includes:
_______________________________: each organism is naturally resistant to certain
diseases of other organisms.
The physical/mechanical barriers to microbes in animals include: _____________ and
___________________________________lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary and
reproductive tracts.
_______________________ barriers are chemicals produced to kill or inhibit pathogens.
_____________________________ are very acidic and kill pathogens.
_______________________ present in tears, saliva, and mucous also kill
bacteria.
__________________________ stimulate phagocytosis, block viral replication,
and stimulate other cells.
______________________, which is the oil of skin and hair, lowers pH inhibiting
certain bacterial growth.
Various ______________________________ are released in response to pathogen
recognition.
Virus-infected cells produce ___________________________, which stimulate
neighboring cells to produce substances that inhibit viral reproduction.
The ______________________________ system is a group of about 30 proteins in
blood plasma that are activated by the interaction with microbes. This
causes them to trigger _________________________ and assist in adaptive
defenses.
________________________ is the ingestion and chemical digestion of unwanted
pathogens. It has to be very carefully regulated so it does not damage hosts.
 Explain/Draw the process of phagocytosis:

____________________________ is the localized redness (due to increased blood flow to

the area), swelling/edema (caused by the increased permeability of local
capillaries), heat (created by increased blood flow) and pain (due to the nearly pain
receptors) of an organ.
o _____________________ and ____________________ are released
o _______________________ dilate and release fluid causing edema
o ______________________ are recruited and they phagocytize pathogens and cell
debris
4. ________________________ immunity, also known as acquired immunity, is a line of defense
in vertebrates in which immune cells react specifically to pathogens. The following are
involved in this type of immunity:
________________________ are cells that are crucial to cell-mediated adaptive
immunity.
They are made up of __________________ and ___________________.
__________________________, which are protein, glycolipids or polysaccharides from
the surface or toxin secreted by a bacteria, activate both T and B cells. The
_________________ is the part of the antigen that binds to the antibodies. Antigen
______________________ are located on both T and B cells that enable them to
recognize a specific pathogen (non-self).
___________________________ are proteins produced in response to specific
antigens. They are crucial in humoral response.
T cell types:
__________________ t cells recognize specific antigens displays by antigen
presenting cells. They produce _________________, which can either stimulate
B cells or cytotoxic T cells
___________________ T cell calms the immune system and inhibits over-
activity.
___________________ T cells recognize non-self proteins that are synthesized
in infected host cells.
During adaptive immunity, B-cells are activated when it encounters a(n)
________________ that matches the B-cells receptorscan proliferate and produce
more B cells. They have some long-lived _____________________ cells and some short-
lived ________________ cells.
Primary vs. Secondary immune response during adaptive immunity:
The (Primary/Secondary) immune response is mounted when the body is
first exposed to an antigen.
Should the body reencounter the same antigen, the resulting
________________ immune response is quicker as well as more effective and
prolonged due to memory cells
How do vaccines work?

Class of antibodies composed of soluble quaternary proteins is the

______________________ .
 o They have two regions:
Variable ____________ region that binds to antigen
Constant ____________ region which binds to phagocytes or complement
proteins
5. Is the response of innate immunity or adaptive immunity quicker?
______________________________
6. Types of alterative immune responses:
_____________________- allergies
_____________________- auto-immune disorders
______________________- stress effects, immunodeficiency
7. Types of acquired immunity:
(naturally/artificially) acquired (active/passive) immunity is acquired after a primary
immune response.
(naturally/artificially) acquired (active/passive) immunity is acquired by being
exposed to dead or weakened disease agents (Example: ________________________).
(Naturally/artificially) acquired (active/passive) immunity is acquired by receiving
ready-made antibodies via an injection of gamma globulins.
(Naturally/artificially) acquired (active/passive) immunity is acquired when
newborns receive antibodies from their mother via placenta or breast-feeding.