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SAP Username
Name
GBI company (retail industry sector and company code US00) needs
to produce bicycles to fulfill customers demands. They have already
checked their inventory in plant DL00 and they still need other raw
material namely ### bicycle lamp (LAMP###). Storage Location
RM00.
Creating special for this raw material, GBIs personnel needs to insert
Basic Data 1, Purchasing, General Plant Data/Storage 1, Accounting 1 and
Costing 1.
This raw material has Base Unit of Measure equal with EA (Each) and
included in BIKES material group. In addition, purchasing group N00
will handle the procurement of this raw material. In order to determine
which general ledger accounts will be affected by transaction involving
this material, the valuation class of this material is 3000 We would like
also to tell the system to adjust the value of inventory held by the
company as prices change by setting the price control to V and moving
price equal to 1.75.
Each time this material is purchased, the current purchase price is used to
update the value of the companys inventory of this material using a
moving average formula. Make sure that With Qty Structure and
Material Origin are checked. The Qty (quantity) Structure setting tells
the system that cost estimating will be done within a Bill of Material
Structure (for discrete manufacturing) or a recipe (process manufacturing).
The Material Origin setting tells the system to record the material number
when updating costs involving this material, allowing for more detailed
cost analysis.
Next, the company needs to enter the information for the vendor who will
be providing this new raw material. GBI will create the Vendor centrally,
which means that we will be entering company code (US00),
purchasing organization (US00) and accounting-related data i.e.
account group KRED in this transaction. The account group defines
which data is required/possible for the vendor and how the vendor number
will be assigned.
With a material and vendor defined in the system, we can now create a
purchase order. This purchase order contains:
Material: LAMP###
PO quantity: 100
Deliv. Date: a date two weeks in the future
Net Price: 1.75
Currency: USD
Plant: DL00
InfoUpdate is NOT selected
Purchasing Group: N00
After saving the data and you will get the system message issued, click
the save button. This warning shown because in this system, we have not
configured an output destination (printer, fax, EDI, internet, etc.) for the
purchase order as this is a virtual company.
InfoUpdate tells the SAP system that it should create a purchasing info
record automatically when this order is saved. The purchasing info record
contains information about the relationship between a vendor and a
customer. The purchasing info record is a useful tool, and there really isnt
a reason we wouldnt want to create one, but as a test, we will first see
what happens to the purchasing process when we do not create a
purchasing info record.
Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
Make sure material LAMP### and plant DL00 are entered, then click
enter. Make sure your material and plant are properly specified on the
Individual access tab, then click on the enter icon ( ). Verify 100 lamps
in stock. Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access
screen.
Note: You may have additional entries if you have performed other
purchasing transactions before working on this exercise.
To create another purchase order, we will again follow the menu path:
Menu Logistics Materials Management Purchasing Purchase
Order Create Vendor/Supplying Plant Known
SAP tries to make data input easier by remembering the last configuration
of a screen and previous values for field entries. This time, we dont have
to clear out the EnjoySAP window or expand the item overview area. In
addition, we can use the backspace key on the vendor field to find the
vendor number for ### Portage Materials and purchasing group
North America (N00). Clicking on the enter icon ( ) calls up data about
### Portage Materials. Enter the material number (LAMP###), a
quantity of 100 and delivery date a date two weeks into the
future, and A NEW NET PRICE OF 1.80. Make sure that InfoUpdate is
selected this time, so that a purchasing info record will be created
automatically when this order is saved. Click on the save icon ( ) to save
the purchase order. You will get the following message:
Click on the Save option to save the purchase order. Click on the exit icon
( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
The purchasing info record has been created, but little data has been
maintained. Click on the Purch. org. data 1 icon. No pricing or planned
delivery lead time data has been maintained. The standard quantity was
taken from the purchase order that created the info record. While the
purchasing info record has now been created, there is very little useful
data maintained at this point. Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the
SAP Easy Access screen.
Make sure to use the Purchasing Documents for Material tab, then enter
LAMP### for Material and DL00 for plant and click on the enter.
Perform the search as shown above, and the SAP system should find your
purchase order:
Double-click on the correct purchase order number to select it, then click
on the enter icon ( ) to pull up the data from the purchase order. Click on
the Where tab to tell the system where we are putting the receipt
(storage location RAW MATERIALS (RM00)). Make sure that Item OK
is selected, meaning that 100 lamps were in the shipment and passed
inspection, then click on the save icon ( ). You should get a message like
the following: _________________________________
Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
Quantit Unit
y Price Total
Order 1 100 $1.75 $175.00
Order 2 100 $1.80 $180.00
200 $355.00
$355.00
Average Price $1.775 per unit
200 units
Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
To see how much the SAP system charged the cost center for the 100
lamps, follow the menu path:
Menu Accounting Controlling Cost Center Accounting
Information System Reports for Cost Center Accounting
Line Items Cost Centers: Actual Line Items
Trans.
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code
Enter controlling area NA00. Enter cost center NAPR1000, then click on
the enter icon ( ). Executing the cost center report will produce the
following results: 100 units were charged to the cost center at a cost of
$177.50. Use the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
Enter US00 for company code, the current year for fiscal year, the
date you started this exercise as the Posting date.
This report shows the impact of the two purchases and one material
withdrawal. The table below more clearly illustrates how the moving
average price works:
After the two purchases, GBI company has 200 lamps, for which it paid a
total of $355.00, or an average of $1.775 per lamp, which is the moving
average price. The 100 lamps that are withdrawn are costed at the
moving average price, so that the remaining inventory of 100 lamps is
valued at $177.50, or $1.775 per lampthe moving average price.
Use the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
Again use the backspace key on the vendor field to find the vendor
number for ### Portage Materials. Clicking on the enter icon ( ) to
call up data about ### Portage Materials. Vendor name and currency are
pulled up from the vendor master. Similarly, we can use the backspace key
to call up the material number for lamps, LAMP###. Enter the
material number, quantity (100) and delivery date is a date two
weeks into the future. This time, LEAVE THE PRICE BLANK. Clicking
on the enter icon ( ) will again call up data about the lamp (material
LAMP###) from the database. It will again open the item detail section of
the screen, but this time, a default price will be entered automatically
because the R/3 system set the default price using the previous purchase
order.
Because the purchasing info record exists, the SAP system looked at the
previous purchase order to find a price for the lamps. If a price has been
set in the purchasing info record, that price would have been used. Click
on the save icon ( ) to save the purchase order. You will get the following
message:
Click on the Save option to save the purchase order. Use the exit icon ( )
to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
Make sure to use the Purchasing Documents for Material tab, then enter
LAMP### for Material and DL00 for plant and click on the enter.
Perform the search as shown above, and the SAP system should find your
purchase order:
Double-click on the correct purchase order number to select it, then click
on the enter icon ( ) to pull up the data from the purchase order:
Click on the Where tab to tell the system where we are putting the receipt
(storage location raw materials (RM00)). Make sure that Item OK is
selected, meaning that 100 lamps were in the shipment and passed
inspection, then click on the save icon ( ). You should get a message like
the following: ___________________________________
Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
The moving average price has again changed because of the new material
receipt. The analysis is as follows:
Withdrawal
1 100 $1.775 $177.50
100 $177.50
Order 3 100 $1.80 $180.00
200 $357.50
$357.50
Average Price $1.7875 per unit
200 units
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Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
The purchasing info record provides the ability to manage prices and
maintain better controls and records. To use the purchasing info record to
manage purchased item prices, a condition record has to be entered. To
do this, follow the menu path:
The SAP system will use todays date as the default start date, and will
also enter the currency and unit of measure from the vendor and material
masters. Enter 1.85 for the material price, then click on the save icon ( )
to save the new material price. Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the
SAP Easy Access screen.
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18. Create a Fourth Purchase Order
We will now create a fourth purchase order. This time, the pricing
condition exists in the purchasing info record and will be used by the SAP
system to determine pricing. To create the fourth purchase order, we will
again follow the menu path:
Again use the backspace key on the vendor field to find the vendor
number for ### Portage Materials. Clicking on the enter icon ( ) to
call up data about ## Portage Materials. Similarly, we can use the
backspace key to call up the material number for lamp, LAMP###. Enter
the material number, quantity (100) and delivery date is a date two
weeks into the future. This time, LEAVE THE PRICE BLANK. Clicking
on the enter icon ( ) will again call up data about the lamp (material
LAMP##) from the database. It will again open the item detail section of
the screen, but this time, a default price will be entered automatically
because the R/3 system set the default price using the previous purchase
order.
Because a condition (price) now exists in the purchasing info record, the
SAP system uses that price ($1.85) instead of the price from the previous
purchase order ($1.80) to find a price for the lamps. Click on the save icon
( ) to save the purchase order. You will get the following message:
Again use the backspace key on the vendor field to find the vendor
number for ### Portage Materials. Enter the material number
(LAMP###), quantity (100) and delivery date is a date two weeks
into the future. This time, LEAVE THE PRICE BLANK. Clicking on the
enter icon ( ) will again call up data about the lamp from the database. It
will again open the item detail section of the screen, and again a default
price will be entered automatically from the purchasing info record. This
time, we will manually override the default price:
Click on the Save option to save the purchase order. Use the exit icon ( )
to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
To review the purchasing info record in change mode, follow the menu
path:
Menu Logistics Materials Management Purchasing Master
Data Info Record Display
Note that the price is still 1.85. The manual override changed the
purchase order, but had not impact on the pricing condition. If another
purchase order is created for the lamp, the SAP system will use 1.85 for
the default price, not the 1.90 manually entered in the last purchase order.
Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen. To see
how the purchasing info record can be used to manage price changes,
reenter the Change Info Record transaction. Click on the enter icon ( ),
then click on the Conditions icon to get back to the following pop-up
window:
Enter the first day of the next month for the Valid on date, so that the
new price will take effect on the first of the next month. Enter 1.90 for the
price, then click on the save icon ( ) to save the price change. This will
take you back to the initial Change Info Record screen and click on the
enter icon ( ), then click on the Conditions icon to get the Validity Periods
pop-up window:
Double-click on the fourth purchase order number to select it, then click
on the enter icon ( ) to pull up the data from the purchase order, then
click on the search icon ( ) to search for the last purchase order number.
Again, double-click on the fifth purchase order number to select it, then
click on the enter icon ( ) to pull up the data from this purchase order.
Close the item detail portion of the screen to make processing easier:
Click on OK for both items, enter storage location raw materials for both
items, then click on the Save (post) icon ( ). You should get a message
like the following: _______________________________
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Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access screen.
Given this information, what should the moving average price be?
___________________
One way to check is to look one more time at the Material Master. One
menu path to get to the material master is:
Menu Logistics Materials Management Material Master Material
Display Display Current
Select the Accounting 1 view for material LAMP### in Plant DL00. This
screen shows the standard price to be $1.83. This is obviously a rounded
value. An interesting question is the internal accuracy of this price. In
other words, does SAP use the rounded figure in cost calculations, or does
it maintain a more accurate figure internally?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
An interesting way to test this is to create one more goods issue to a cost
center for lamps, and then check the cost charged to the cost center. To
issue lamps to a cost center, follow the menu path:
Menu Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management
Goods Movement Goods Issue
Enter Movement type 201 (Consumption for Cost Center from Warehouse),
Plant DL00 and Storage Location raw materials, then click on the enter
icon ( ).
Enter cost center NAPR1000, Material LAMP### and quantity 100, then
click on the save icon ( ). To review the costs associated with this goods
issue, run the cost center report by following the menu path:
Menu Accounting Controlling Cost Center Accounting
Information System Reports for Cost Center Accounting
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Line Items Cost Centers: Actual Line Items
Enter NAPR1000 in the cost center, then click on the execute icon.
Executing the cost center report will produce the following results:
Although SAP only maintains two decimal places for the moving average
price, in actual cost calculations, it uses the total value of the stock
($732.50) divided by the total stock (400 units) to obtain a more accurate
cost for the goods issue ($183.13) than would have been obtained by
using the moving average price ($183.00).
Note also that by using the moving average price to value goods issues,
the moving average price does not change when goods are issued. They
only change when goods are received and there is a price difference
between the price of the new goods being received and the moving
average price. Click on the exit icon ( ) to return to the SAP Easy Access
screen.
Enter your company code and material, then click on the execute icon (
). This will produce the following report: