MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST

ABC in ULTRASONOGRAPHY

1.Which one of the following sentences is correct:

a) The echo-texture of the normal liver is considered to be normoechoic

b) The echo-texture of the normal liver is considered to be hypoechoic
c) The echo-texture of the normal liver is considered to be hyperechoic
d) The echo-texture of the normal liver is assimilated to a blend of salt and pepper
e) The liver is a parenchymal organ

2. The sections (incidences) used for the ultrasound examination are :

a) Longitudinal
b) Sagital or axial (parallel to the spine)
c) Transverse (perpendicular to the spine)
d) Oblique
e) Transverse (parallel to the spine)

3. Which one of the following sentences is correct:

a) The caudat lobe is examined in transverse section

b) The caudat lobe is examined in sagital section
c) The antero-posterior diameter of caudate lobe is increased in patients with cirrhosis
d) The antero-posterior diameter of caudate lobe is > 35 mm in patients with cirrhosis
e) The antero-posterior diameter of caudate lobe is decreased in patients with cirrhosis

4*. Which one of the affirmations below, related to the hepatic veins is incorrect:

a) There are three hepatic veins right HV, middle HV and left HV
b) They are examined through high sub-costal oblique sections
c) Usually they are dilated to more than 10 mm
d) The hepatic veins (HV) are anechoic structures with thin, hyperechoic wall
e) The hepatic veins converge to the inferior cava vein

5. The portal vein:

a) is examined by a perpendicular sub-costal section

 b) is a transonic structure with hyperechoic wall
c) a transonic structure with hypoechoic wall
d) its maximum normal diameter is 13-14 mm
e) is dilated in portal hypertension

6*. Which one of the following can characterized the abdominal ultrasound:

a) it is accessible
b) it is non-invasive
c) it is non-irradiant
d) it can be repetitive
e) all of them

7.The caudate lobe (segment1) is:

a. a separate structure from the two lobes

b. delimited posteriorly by the inferior vena cava and anteriorly by the venous ligament

c .delimited anteriorly by the inferior vena cava and posteriorly by the venous ligament

d. examined in sagital section

e. examined in transverse section

8.Which of these is true:

a.the caudate lob (segment I) is examined in sagital section

b.the caudate lob (segment I) is examined in transverse section

c.the pancreas is examined in transverse section

d.the main biliary duct ( MBD) is examined in a section perpendicular to the costal margin

e. normally the caudate lobe has more than 35 mm

9.The pancreas :

a.is a retroperitoneal deeply located organ

 b.is a intraperitoneal located organ called the corner-stone

c.is examined in epigastrum with mild, progressive compression to optimize the acoustic
window

d. is a very well defined organ

e.has a head, body and tail

10.In ultrasound for an accurate picture of the pancreas:

a.it is mandatory to examine the pancreas in a fasting patient

b. the presence of food in the stomach may create false pancreatic tumor image

c.carbonated drinks are contraindicated, because they cause air in the stomac which make
pancreatic examination difficult

d.liquid consumption is denied because modifies the images

e. liquid consumption is allowed only if it consists in mineral water

11.*The normal spleen is less than:

a.15/8cm in size
b. 12/6 cm in size
c. 20/6 cm in size
d. 15/9cm in size
e. 18/6 cm in size

12.A spleen with larger diameters should raise the suspicion of :

a. liver disease
b. Kidney disease
c. blood disorder
d. pancreatic disorder
e. post trauma effect

13.The kidneys are:

a. Intraperitoneal organs
b. Retroperitoneal organs
c. with diameters of 10-12/5-6/3 cm
d. with diameters of 20-18/10-9/7cm
e. cavitar organs
14.The ultrasound appearance of the aorta:

a. is of a pulsating anechoic formation

b. is located posteorly to the spine
c. is located anteriorly to the spine
d. is examined in axial midline section
e. Is examined in sagital section

15.The urinary bladder:

a. will be seen as a round anechoic structure

b. has hypoechoic wall
c. is examined in transverse and longitudinal sections
d. the size is not variable depending of the post-urinary time
e. In men, the urinary bladder neck is surrounded by the prostate

16.The uterus :

a. is visualized posteriorly of the urinary bladder

b. has an hypoechoic structure
c. In adult fertile woman its maximum size is 9/5 cm
d. The myometrium appears as a thick, hyperechoic area
e. In cross section the uterus appears like a round structure

17.*What does CEUS mean ?

a.contrast-enhanced ultrasignal

b.color-enhanced ultrasound

c.contrast-elaborated ultrasound

d.contrast-enhanced ultrasound

e.color-elaborated ultraspot.

18.* Who has used this method for the first time ?

a. a neurologist

b.a cardiologist

c. a druggist

d.a hepatologist
 e.a surgeon

19.Which ones of the following sentences about the principle of contrast ultrasound examination
in the liver are true ?

a.the artherial phase starts after 10-20 seconds after the contrast injection

b.the parenchymal phase lasts until the the appearance of the microbubbles into the tissue

c. the portal phase lasts up to approx. 5 minutes

d.the venous phase starts after 30-45 seconds after the contrast injection

e.the artherial phase starts after 20-30 seconds after the contrast injection

20.*Which is the correct interval of the artherial phase end in normal CEUS?

a.100-120 s

b.30-45s

c.25-35s

d.10-20s

e.60-90s