23/2/2017 2kmTVTransmitter

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2kmTVTransmitter

2kmTVTransmitter

Here is a simple TV transmitter. The circuit is simple and really quite crude, but it does include MONO sound. I have
notshownthetworegulatorsinthedrawing.Theseareone12vDC1Aseriesregulatorchip,andone8vDC1Aseries
regulator.Ifedthe8vregulatorfromtheoutputofthe12vregulator.Therestofthecircuitlookslikethis.Itisafree
running Variable Frequency Oscillator (VFO) using just one coil and one capacitor to determine the frequency. Change
thisasyouwill.Thebasiccircuitusesa150pffromtheBaseoftheRFtransistortoground,sothatTR2operatesasa
"commonbase mode" (grounded base) amplifier. The tuned circuit in the collector and the capacitor from collector to
emitterprovidetuningandfeedback.

A lowimpedance tapping of the coil drives TR3, which is a classC amplifier. Unlike the V5 FM transmitter, this stage
doesprovideRFamplificationabout14dB.Italsobufferstheantennacircuitfromtheoscillator,andisthestagethat
ismodulatedbymeansofthesupplyvoltage.

The collector load of TR3 is untuned. The inductor is a ferrite bead with about three turns of wire through the little
hole.Youcanusejustaboutanyoldferritehere,aslongasitisaclosedringwiththewirethroughthemiddle.TheRF
outputlevelfromthisstageisintheorderof100mWandisfilteredbeforefeedingtheantenna.

The values quoted in the circuit are all for 200MHz, BandIII. L2 (VHF choke) is three turns of wire through a small
ferritebead.Oneturnshouldworkjustasgoodas6turns,sothiscoilisnotatallcritical.
TheModulator

Modulationconsistsof7vDCtopowerthisstage,butwith+/4vofcompositevideosuperimposedontheDClevel.If
your DC out to TR2 is not 7v then select a different value for the 330R resistor. The video is inverted. Since the
oscillator and amplifier stages are fed from a 12v DC stabilised supply, the modulation level is stable, so no
adjustmentsarenecessary.Nocontrast,level,syncnuthin!.ThisisthewayIlikethingstobe.

The video input signal is first loaded with a 75Ohm resistive load, then coupled to TR4 where it is amplified and
inverted.Thevideogainissetbythe330Remitterresistor.Ifyoureallywanttoplayaboutwiththevideolevelsthen
youcandecouplethisresistorwitha470ufelectrolyticanda1K0presetpot.ThecollectorofTR4isjustunder+8vDC
withnosignal.

TR5 is a simple emitterfollower, or current buffer. This stage allows the collector of TR4 to become the modulated
powersourceforTR3,thusprovidingamplitudemodulation.

Note that there is NO clamping diode. The modulator is DCcoupled and therefore does not appear to need any level
correctioncircuit.Itrieditonthreedifferentcamerasandallworkedverywell.Ialsofoundthatsomecamerasneed
tohavetheresistiveload,soacapacitiveinputdidnotworkwithallthreeoftheamerasIused.Ifyoudowanttoadd
acapacitiveinputthena470uFisneeded,aswellasadiodeacrosstheloadresistoranodetoground.Thiswillstop
theDClevelvaryingwithchangesofaveragevideolevel.
TheSoundCarrier

Sound is added back at the RF oscillator stage. TR2 needs to have a regulated supply to prevent frequency and
amplitude variations. But if we add a lowlevel 5.5MHz signal across the 47pf base capacitor, then TR2 will become
modulatedwith5.5MHz.The5.5MHzmodulationisaverylowlevelsignal,sowecangetawaywithapplyingthesound
subcarrierhere.Itsimplifiesthemodulatorstagequitealot.

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23/2/2017 2kmTVTransmitter
TR1 is a simple 5.5MHz (6.0MHz) oscillator stage wound on a ferrite former. In this way it can be varied to suit your
own countries sound IF standard. Here in Sweden it is 5.5MHz. The oscillator is a simple colpits design, having a
varicapdiode(varactordiode)toapplyFrequencyModulation(FM)tothe5.5MHzcarrier.Ifirstinjectedthesoundsub
carrierfrommyMarconiTF995generator,butthenIuseda10.7MHzIFcanusingthevaluesshowninthediagram.The
IFcaninternalcapacitorisleftincircuit(butnotshowninthediagram).

AudioiscontrolledbyVR1tofeedthevaricapdiode.IusedaC16V0Zenerdiodeinsteadofthevaricap,sincetheyare
cheap,andIhavegotalotofthem.YoucanuseanyZenerdiodeyoulike,aslongastheavalanchevoltageisunder
10v.Becauseofthepossiblewidevariationsofdiode,apresetpotisneededheretosethesoundlevel.

IMUSTaddthatthesoundsubcarrierisstillunderconstruction,soregardTR1asaprovisionalcircuit.Ialsoneedto
investigatethepossibillityofaddingstereo.Iamnotsureiftherewillbeanupdatetothis(inadditiontothePCB),or
acompleteMkIIIproject.Timewilltell.Italldependsuponwherethemoodtakesme.

Alignment

Alignmentisveryimportantifyouwanttogetagoodresult.Ihavetriedtokeepalignmentdowntoabareminimum,
butyouwillstillhavetosettheaudiolevelandthetransmitterfrequency.

SetyourTVtoablankchannelwithnosignal,justagoodold"waroftheants",withoutanypatterns.AdjustVC1fora
nicenoiselessblackscreen.

ApplyAUDIOfromyourdigitalTVboxandreadjustVC1,andL1togetherforloudestaudio.AdjustthepotVR1forloud
butundistortedaudiofromtheTVset.Youcancomparethesoundlevelwithabroadcaststation,orothertransmitters
youhavealreadybuilt.

Connect the VIDEO from your digital TV box and check the picture on the screen. Now you can fine retouch the
settingsofVC1,L1,andVR1forperfectpictureandsound.

Construction

ThisTVtransmitterwillhandlefrequenciesuptoabout250MHz,soitwillworkperfectlyifyouhaveVHFBandsI,II,or
band III on your telly. In principle, the transmitter should work up to 500MHz or more, using the BF959 bipolar
transistor.YoushouldbeabletogenerateasignalonUHFchannel21,butIhavenot(yet)triedthiswiththefirstrats
nestversion.

TR2andTR3maybedifficulttoget,butyouneedtoselectasmallsignaltransistorwithanft=1.1GHz(1100MHz).For
50/200MHz bands you may be able to get away with 2N2369, but I have found this to be a little temperamental. It
seemsto"blow",whereastheBF959isalotmoretoleranttooverloads.

The first prototype transmitter was built on a bit of copperclad board, just to prove the principle. Due to pressure
fromvisitorstothehomepagesIhavepublishedwhatIhavedone,insteadoffinishingtheproject.Iwanttocomplete
theprojectwithaPCB,butyouwillhavetowaitforthat.NoideaastowhenthatwillbeSorry!

The coil in the collector of TR2 determins the operating frequency. Using a 4 20pf trimmer capacitor I could cover
150MHzto240MHz.Forthisthecoilis4turnsof0.3mmDia.magnetwirewoundona6mmdrillbit,closewound,with
5mmwireends.Thetappingtotheamplifierisoneturnfromthe+vesupplyrail.

I have used a larger coil as an experiment and the frequency went down to cover 40MHz to 75MHz, so it more than
covers BandI. I have no coil data that you could duplicate, but it was about 10 turns with a tapping at 2 turns. I will
updatethiswhenIknowmore,butbeforethenyoucanconsiderthisaroughstartforyourownexperimentation.

IfyouwishtoexperimentwithUHFbands,thenthecopperpiperesonatorIbuiltoverChristmasmaybeagoodstable
startingpointforyouroscillator.

Here in Sweden they are shutting down the analogue TV network. It is being replaced with a whole heap of digital
boxes.Sonowwehavetopayfortheboxes,asubscriptionfee,andthelicencefee.Toaddinsulttoinjury,wehaveto
havea"box"foreveryTVsetinthehouse,includingtheVCR!

So I suggest you buy only ONE digital box and transmit one channel. This you can send to all the TV sets in your
house,fromthesamebox.Thisprojectalsohasa2kmrangesoallyourneighbourscanreceivethechannel,without
havingtohaveabox.

Pursuade some of your neighbours to buy a TV transmitter from you so that their one box can be used to radiate a
secondchannel.HereinSwedenwehave5"freetoair"channels,soifIcangetfourneighbourstoeachradiateone
ofthesechannelsthenwecanallhavedifferentchannels,simultaneously,whilstvideotapinganotherchannel.Youdo
notevenhavetobuyaseperateboxforyourchildsTVset:)

I have been occupied with these TV transmitters "onandoff" for a few months, but this was hindered by other

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23/2/2017 2kmTVTransmitter
commitments. I have had a few differing results, although most were somewhat dissapointing. I continued to
experimentandimprove,butthevideoqualitywasalwayscrap.The"fault"wasthecheap'nnastyvideocameraIused
asavideosource.Weeeeelllll....itdidcostunderUS$15.AssoonasIpluggedinmycamcordereverythingburstinto
life.

RelatedLinks

AccurateLCMeter
ESRMeter/TransistorTester/LCMeter
BA1404HIFIStereoFMTransmitter
500mWFM/VHFTransmitterAmplifier/Booster
USBIOBoard
60MHzFrequencyMeter/Counter
1Hz2MHzFunctionGenerator
VoltmeterAmmeter
USBVoltmeter
Accurate0500MHzRFPowerMeter
AudiophileOPA2132HeadphoneAmplifierKit
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Downloads

2kmTVTransmitterLink

AccurateLCMeter PICVoltAmpereMeter

BuildyourownAccurateLCMeter(CapacitanceInductance
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VoltAmpereMetermeasuresvoltageof070Vor0500Vwith
100mVresolutionandcurrentconsumption010Aormore
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PIC16F876Amicrocontrollerwith16x2backlightedLCD.

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60MHzFrequencyMeter/Counter
FrequencyMeter/Countermeasuresfrequencyfrom10Hzto
60MHzwith10Hzresolution.Itisaveryusefulbenchtest
equipmentfortestingandfindingoutthefrequencyofvarious
deviceswithunknownfrequencysuchasoscillators,radio
receivers,transmitters,functiongenerators,crystals,etc.
BA1404HIFIStereoFMTransmitter
Be"OnAir"withyourownradiostation!BA1404HIFIStereo
FMTransmitterbroadcastshighqualitystereosignalin88MHz
108MHzFMband.Itcanbeconnectedtoanytypeofstereo
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throughoutyourhome,office,yardorcampground.
ESRMeter/Capacitance/Inductance/
TransistorTesterKit
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2kmTVTransmitter
1Hz2MHzXR2206FunctionGenerator
1Hz2MHzXR2206FunctionGeneratorproduceshighquality
sine,squareandtrianglewaveformsofhighstabilityand
accuracy.Theoutputwaveformscanbebothamplitudeand
frequencymodulated.Outputof1Hz2MHzXR2206Function
Generatorcanbeconnecteddirectlyto60MHzCounterfor
settingprecisefrequencyoutput.
USBIOBoard
USBIOBoardisatinyspectacularlittledevelopmentboard/
parallelportreplacementfeaturingPIC18F2455/PIC18F2550
microcontroller.USBIOBoardiscompatiblewithWindows/Mac
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USBIOBoardisselfpoweredbyUSBportandcanprovideupto
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AudiophileHeadphoneAmplifierKit
Audiophileheadphoneamplifierkitincludeshighqualityaudio
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23/2/2017
ESRMeterkitisanamazingmultimeterthatmeasuresESR
values,capacitance(100pF20,000uF),inductance,resistance
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toolfortroubleshootingandrepairingelectronicequipmentby
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UnlikeotherESRMetersthatonlymeasureESRvaluethisone
measurescapacitor'sESRvalueaswellasitscapacitanceallat
thesametime.
ArduinoPrototypeKit
ArduinoPrototypeisaspectaculardevelopmentboardfully
compatiblewithArduinoPro.It'sbreadboardcompatiblesoit
canbepluggedintoabreadboardforquickprototyping,andit
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small,powerefficient,yetcustomizablethroughonboard2x7
perfboardthatcanbeusedforconnectingvarioussensorsand
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userreplaceableATmega328microcontrollerflashedwith
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ElectronicsDIY.com20022017.AllRightsReserved.
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2kmTVTransmitter
gradecomponentssuchasBurrBrownOPA2134opamp,ALPS
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lowpowerconsumptionmaybesuppliedfromasingle9V
battery.
200m4Channel433MHzWirelessRFRemote
Control
Havingtheabilitytocontrolvariousappliancesinsideoroutside
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