The Immune System

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 Vocabulary
Infection
Infection
Invasion
Invasion by
by foreign
foreign organisms
organisms such
such as
as
viruses,
viruses, fungi,
fungi, bacteria
bacteria
Immunity
Immunity
Long
Long term
term resistance
resistance to
to re-infection
re-infection by
by
organisms
organisms previously
previously encountered
encountered
Antigens
Antigens
Any
Any material
material that
that elicits
elicits an
an immune
immune
response
response
 Types of Immunity
Innate
Innate (inborn)
(inborn) immunity
immunity
Immunity
Immunity that that is
is genetically
genetically coded
coded
You
You never
never suffer
suffer from
from an
an illness
illness for
for
which
which youyou have
have innate
innate immunity
immunity
Acquired
Acquired (adaptive)
(adaptive) immunity
immunity
Active
Active
As
As aa response
response to to an
an actual
actual or
or
artificial
artificial exposure
exposure
Passive
Passive
Immunity
Immunity introduced
introduced by by antibodies
antibodies
from
from anan outside
outside source
source
 Passive
Passive
Antibodies
Antibodies from
from mother;
mother;
In
In bloodstream
bloodstream at
at birth
birth
Natural
Natural
Immunity
Immunity
Active
Active
The
The result
result of
of infection
infection
Acquired
Acquired
Immunity
Immunity Passive
Passive
Antibody
Antibody transfer
transfer
Gamma
Gamma globulin
globulin shot
shot
Artificial
Artificial
Immunity
Immunity Active
Active
The
The result
result of
of
immunization
immunization
 Lymphocytes Immune Cells
Bone
Bone marrow
marrow makes
makes aa variety
variety of
of B
B cells
cells
B
B cells
cells produce
produce antibodies
antibodies
Thymus
Thymus makes
makes aa variety
variety of
of T
T cells
cells
Killer
Killer T
T cells
cells are
are responsible
responsible for
for cell-
cell-
mediated
mediated (non-specific
(non-specific response
response toto antigen)
antigen)
immunity
immunity
Helper
Helper T T cells
cells interact
interact with
with B
B cells
cells to
to
produce
produce antibodies
antibodies
Suppressor
Suppressor T T cells
cells interact
interact with
with B
B cells
cells to
to
suppress
suppress antibody
antibody production
production
 Antibodies
Highly
Highly specific
specific proteins
proteins that
that bind
bind to
to
nonself
nonself materials
materials
Each
Each B B cell
cell can
can make
make only
only one
one antibody,
antibody, and
and
all
all descendents
descendents willwill produce
produce the
the same
same
antibody
antibody
B
B Cells
Cells have
have antibodies
antibodies on
on their
their surface
surface
identical
identical toto the
the one
one that
that they
they produce
produce
Long
Long lived
lived BB cells
cells (Memory
(Memory Cells)
Cells) quickly
quickly
produce
produce large
large quantities
quantities of
of antibodies
antibodies toto
prevent
prevent illness
illness
Antibody
Structure
 Edward Jenner and Smallpox (1798)
Observation
Observation
Milk
Milk maids
maids who
who got
got cowpox
cowpox were
were resistant
resistant to
to
cowpox
cowpox
Experiment
Experiment
Injected
Injected aa boy
boy with
with pus
pus from
from cowpox
cowpox sores
sores on
on
infected
infected udders
udders
Results
Results
Boy
Boy was
was protected
protected against
against smallpox
smallpox
Vaccination, from vaca
Vaccination, from vaca,, Latin
Latin for
for cow
cow
 Small Pox
Vaccination
Vaccination led
led to
to
world-wide
world-wide
eradication
eradication
announced
announced in
in 1979
1979
by
by World
World Health
Health
Organization
Organization
Polio: Not Eradicated
Diptheria: Not Eradicated
Immunization Schedule

Source: CDC
 Incubation Periods
Disease Incubation period
Cholera 1-3 days
Influenza 1-4 days
Scarlet fever 1-4 days
Common cold 2-5 days
Ebola 2-21 days
Rocky Mountain spotted fever 2-14 days
SARS up to 10 days
Polio 7-14 days
Pertussis 7-14 days
Measles 9-12 days
Smallpox 7-17 days
Generalized tetanus 7-21 days
Chicken pox 14-16 days
Mumps 14-18 days
Rubella (German measles) 14-21 days
Infectious mononucleosis 28-42 days
 Autoimmune Diseases
1.
1. Diseases
Diseases caused
caused by
by the
the immune
immune system
system
attacking
attacking self
self
Rheumatoid
Rheumatoid arthritis
arthritis
Multiple
Multiple Sclerosis
Sclerosis
Type
Type II Diabetes
Diabetes
Lupus
Lupus

Rheumatoid arthritis