Betterment of EHS conditions, a case study

of Pharmaceutical Industrial Project.

By
Muhammad Daniyal

A term paper submitted in the

fulfillment of the course requirement of
EM 502 Accounting and Financial Management
for the degree of
Masters in Engineering Management
specialization in
Construction Management

November 2015

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Page 1 of 21
 ABSTRACT
Construction sector through linkages affects about 40 building material
industries, support investment and growth climate. According to the Labor
Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Construction
Sector employs 4.1 million and ranked 5th in the number of employees
but, ranked 3rd in most injury prone industry with alarmingly high injury
rate of 14.1%. That means approximately 1 in 12 employed person is
prone to injuries/diseases in construction industry.

Objective of this study includes studying effects of provision of safety

equipment and training sessions on EHS condition of site, finding a
relation between expenditure and training and suggesting a strategy and
tentative budgets of future projects of similar magnitude. The project
under study is under construction on a green field measuring 12.5 Acres
with total construction area of about 1.5 million sq.ft. in Korangi, Karachi.
The study was conducted during the period of eight months, from January,
2015 till August, 2015.

The primary data related to the expenditure, budget and trainings was
gathered through the EHS Department of Contractor and Project
Managers. Further, a survey was designed and conducted targeted
towards labor. This survey highlights the outcomes of training sessions
conducted by EHS Department.

The total planned manpower of contractor was 450 at peak and total
expenditure done on provision of PPEs was PKR 384,500. Contractor's EHS
team included 4 personnel at peak who works under the guidance of
Project Managers EHS Department that forms the holistic EHS Plan for
complete project. They conducted a total of 279 meeting during the study
period in order to create awareness among workforce.

In order to measure the level of effectiveness of safety implementation

measures Key Performance Indicators were selected and a Risk Priority
Number Analysis was performed on the KPIs to calculate site safety index
was calculated which ranges from 2 to 36 during study period with 0 being
ideal.

From the graphical relation it was observed that since PPEs were routinely
provided to the labor, the number of trainings and strength of EHS team
was found directly proportional to site safety index, for further
reinforcement of findings a survey was conducted with sample size of 30
which found that overall awareness of Site EHS Policy is up to satisfaction.

During the study period, combined cost of PPEs and Site Safety Equipment
reached 2% of the total billed amount to adequately meet the
requirements of safety standards. Therefore, it is recommended that for

Page 2 of 21
future projects of similar nature EHS Budget to be set between 2-3% of
total project cost.

As a strategy for future projects it is also suggested to develop a strong

EHS Monitoring team which must be enhanced with the enhancement of
workforce and a system of trainings for creating awareness should be
developed, the trainings should be planned in three phases as follows:

Induction Training in order to brief new inductees on EHS procedures

Regular Trainings / Tool Box Talks in order to reinforce the concepts

presented in induction trainings

Specialized Trainings on individual concepts of General Safety, Fire

Hazards, Electrical Hazzard, Working at height and Working in
confined space.

Further, general as well as job specific PPEs should be provided in timely

manner and display signs should be installed for creating awareness.

Periodic safety survey of work force should also be conducted and specific
trainings should be arranged in order to encounter deficiencies in training
plans.

Page 3 of 21
 INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION 5
1.1. General
5
1.2. Scope
5
1.3. Objective
5
1.4. Methodology
6

2. BACKGROUND 7
2.1. Construction Sector of Pakistan
7
2.2. EHS Scenario in Pakistan
8

3. EHS IMPLEMENTATION AT PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT 8

3.1. Pharmaceutical Project
8
3.2. EHS Goals and Objectives
9
3.3. Personal Protective Equipment
9
3.4. Safety Awareness, Trainings and Meetings
10
3.5. Contractors EHS Team
11
3.6. Health & Safety Key Performance Indicators
11
3.7. Relation between Means and Awareness
14

4. SURVEY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SITE SAFETY AWARENESS 15

4.1. Survey Design 15
4.2. Survey Administration 15
4.3. Survey Analysis 16

5. COCNLUSION 17
5.1. Strategy 17

Page 4 of 21
 5.2. Budget 18

6. REFERNCES 19

1. NTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL
The safety of an ordinary construction worker is not considered on an
absolute prime by majority of construction contractors in Pakistan. For
several decades, Pakistani construction workers have been struggling to
attain their basic right of health and safety on job and many of them lost
their lives or sustained serious injuries due to unsafe conditions which
could have been avoided by implementing basic safe work practices. The
main problem in implementing safety standards is lack of regulations,
budget and awareness.

However, this scenario is rapidly changing. With the introduction of mega

projects, well-educated management and funding agencies along with
allocation of separate budgets for EHS in projects of repute, the EHS
conditions are deemed to be improved in the industry.

The essence of safe working lies with the change in mindsets of

construction workers in light of working culture by constant training and
provision of proper personal and site safety equipment to the workforce
which should be well suited to the working conditions.

This study asses a relation between expenditure done by contracting firm

on provision of personal and site safety equipment in contrast to the hours
put in to the training and awareness session of workforce which resulted
in better health and safety conditions of ongoing construction project of a
Pharmaceutical Plant. The relation will help in preparing the strategy for
better implementation of EHS practices and allocation of appropriate
budgets for future projects.

Page 5 of 21
1.2 SCOPE
The scope of this term paper is limited to the study of EHS conditions,
implementation methods and provisions of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPEs) on a Pharmaceutical Project under construction in Korangi, Karachi.

The study was conducted during the period of eight months, from January,
2015 till
August, 2015 and all data stated corresponds to the same time period
obtained through EHS department of respective Contractor and Project
Managers except labor satisfaction survey which was formulated and
conducted exclusively for this paper.

1.3 OBJECTIVES
The objective of this term paper is as follows:

Studying effects of provision of safety equipment and training sessions

on EHS condition of site both mutually and exclusively.
Finding a relation between expenditure and training in betterment of
EHS conditions.
Suggesting a strategy and tentative budgets of future projects of
similar magnitude.

1.4 METHODOLOGY
Two types of sources were utilized to gather the information in order to
substantiate the opinions as follows:

Primary Source: The primary data related to the expenditure, budget

and trainings was gathered through the EHS Department of Contractor
and Project Managers.

Further, a survey was designed and conducted targeted towards labor.

This survey highlights the outcomes of training sessions conducted by
EHS Departments through assessing the awareness level of safe working
conditions, use of PPEs and obstacles in conducting best working
practices.

Secondary Source: The secondary data was gathered by studying the

prior research in the areas of EHS implementation in Pakistani
Construction Industry and OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health
Administration) US Department of Labor standards for construction
industry. The information obtained from these sources will guide the
direction of research and formulation of study.

2. BACKGROUND

Page 6 of 21
2.1 CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
By construction we mean realizing a structure in physical form utilizing
materials with the help of machinery and manpower (Hassan, 2012).
Generally the construction sector can be divided in to two categories, first
is the residential construction (Housing) which involves individual private
housing and the second is commercial construction which comprises of
commercial plazas, industries, housing schemes etc.

In Pakistan mostly traditional approach of Design-Bid-Build system is

adopted for private commercial projects. The design being done by
architects/engineers and construction handled by Contractors with Project
Managers managing the complete project some of the times.

The housing and construction sector provides substantial employment

opportunities as it contributes through a higher multiplier effect with a
host of beneficial forward and backward linkage in the economy. The
sector through linkages affects about 40 building material industries,
support investment and growth climate and helps reduce poverty by
generating income opportunities for poor household (Raza, 2008).

According to the Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of

Statistics, Construction Sector employs 4.1 million of total 56.25 million
work force in the country.

Table 1
Employed Distribution by Major Industry Division

2013-2014 Rank
Major Industry Division
Total Male Fe-Male
Total 100 100 100
Agriculture/Forestry/hunting & Fishing 43.5 34.2 74.0 1
Manufacturing 14.2 14.7 12.3 3
Construction 7.3 9.5 0.3 5
Wholesale & Retail Trade 14.6 18.5 1.6 2
Transport/Storage & Communication 5.5 7.1 0.2 6
Community/Social & Personal Service 13.1 13.7 11.5 4
Others 1.8 2.3 0.1 7
*Others (includes mining & quarrying, electricity, gas & water, financing, insurance, real
estate & business services and extraterritorial organizations and bodies), Source Labor
Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

2.2 EHS SCENARIO IN PAKISTAN

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Construction in developing countries, such as Pakistan and India, is more
labor intensive than that in the developed areas of the globe, involving
2.5-10 times as many workers per activity (Farooqi et al, 2008) and the
trade is ranked third among the most hazardous industries in Pakistan
with high injuries, occupational diseases and fatality rates (Sci Int, 2014).

The advancement in technology had adversely affected the construction

safety of developing countries. (Hafeez et al, 2015). If we look in to the
data of Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics,
Construction Industry ranked 5th in the number of employees but ranked
3rd in most injury prone industry with alarmingly high injury rate i.e. 14.1%
of total workforce of 2.41 million, which reported some kind of injury at
work. That means approximately 1 in 12 employed person is prone to
injuries/diseases in construction industry.

Table 2
Occupational Injuries/Diseases Distribution of Employed Person by Major
Industry Division

2013-2014 Rank
Major Industry Division
Total Male Fe-Male
Total 100 100 100
Agriculture/Forestry/hunting & Fishing 51.2 46.5 86.4 1
Mining & Quarrying 0.3 0.3 - -
Manufacturing 14.2 14.9 9.2 2
Electricity, Gas & Water 0.3 0.4 - -
Construction 14.1 15.9 0.6 3
Wholesale & Retail Trade 8.6 9.5 1.1 4
Transport/Storage & Communication 7.5 8.4 0.2 5
Financial, Insurance, Real Estate and
0.1 0.1 - -
Business Services
Community/Social & Personal Service 3.7 4.0 2.5 6
Currently, there is no independent regulation for occupational health and
safety in Pakistan, The clause 7 of Labor Policy of 2010 dictates that:
The Labor Laws are quite complex, over-lapping, anomalous, and at
times render the subject matter difficult to understand, besides creating
confusion for those who deal with them. Further, the penalties prescribed
for offences and non-compliance are very low, since some of these laws
were framed during pre-independence period. The Labor Laws will be
consolidated and rationalized into five core laws, viz;
i) Laws relating to industrial relations.
ii) Laws relating to employment and service conditions.
iii) Laws relating to occupational safety and health.
iv) Laws relating to human resource development.
v) Laws relating to labor welfare and social security.
Further, under clause 25 (Construction Labor) it is mentioned that since
the construction sector is witnessing rapid expansion, health, safety and

Page 8 of 21
occupational hazards in this industry are likely to pose new challenges and
problems. Therefore to guard the employed in this vital sector of the
economy, the Government shall enact suitable legislation to ensure health
and safety of construction workers and clause 31 (Health and Safety)
substantiate the setup of A Tripartite Council on Health and Safety in order
to identify health and safety hazards for workers of all economic sectors
and to make recommendations for safety measures on a continuous basis
which is yet to be materialized.
In the absence of measures as mentioned above the main law, which
governs these issues, is the Chapter 3 of Factories Act, 1934 and The
Hazardous Occupations Rules, 1963 under the authority of Factories Act.
These rules specify some hazardous occupations and authorize the Chief
Inspector of Factories to declare any other process as hazardous.
The major provisions in this act relates to operational hazards in
manufacturing and mining industry which are not specifically tailored to
construction industry.

3. EHS IMPLEMENTATION AT PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT

3.1 PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT

The Pharmaceutical Project understudy is in construction stage located at
Korangi Industrial Area, Karachi, on a green field measuring 12.5 Acres
with total construction area of about 1.5 million sq.ft. The project is
designed to comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of World
Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Drug Authority (FDA-USA) keeping
environment, health and safety conditions on top priority.

The project consist of 3 Production Blocks, 1 Warehouse, 1 Utility Building

along with Grid Station and Infrastructure works. The high level work
break down structure of the project is as follows:

Figure 1
High Level Work Break Down Structure of Pharmaceutical Project

Page 9 of 21
The scope of this study is limited to Package 1.1.1 Civil Works of
Production Block A and Warehouse with construction area of about 0.56
million sq.ft.

The planned manpower of contractor at peak is 450 persons. The chart

below shows average manpower of contractor at site for the period of
study taken from daily manpower record supplied by the contractor.

Figure 2
450
400 424
350 368
344
300
250 267 274
200
150 171
100
50 68 68
0
42005 42036 42064 42095 42125 42156 42186 42217
Avera
ge Manpower at Site

3.2 EHS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Page 10 of 21
 The companies associated with this project aims it to be a best example in
effective initiation and implementation of safety, health and
environmental programs on construction projects.

The goals and objectives set in the project EHS Plan are as follows:

1. To achieve a Zero Injury rate for Injuries both ON and OFF the jobsite,
for all personnel.
2. To achieve Zero Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs)
3. To achieve Zero traffic citations such as, unsafe driving practice
warnings, speeding, etc.
4. To maintain record for followings:
a. Loss Time Injury Frequency (LTI)
b. Weekly HSSE Audits report.
c. Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition report.
d. Emergency Drills conducted at site.
e. Vehicle Accident record.
f. Environmental Issue Record.
g. Tool box Talk Record.

3.3 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE & SAFETY EQUIPMENT

As per the record provided by the contractor, the total purchases made
and issued to workforce till date on account of personal protective and site
safety equipment is as follows:

Table 3
Stock Sheet for Contractors Personal Protective Equipment

Description Purchased Issued Balance

Unit Rate Qty. Amount Qty. Amount Qty. Amount
(PKR) (PKR) (PKR)
1. Personal Protect Equipment
Safety Helmet Piece 220 340 74,800 190 41,800 150 33,000
Safety Shoes Pair 850 395 335,750 245 208,250 150 127,500
LEP-Light Eye Piece 175 300 52,500 150 26,250 150 26,250
Earplug Packe 7 8,400 1 1,200 6 7,200
1,200
t
Cotton Gloves Pair 20 3,000 60,000 2,200 44,000 800 16,000
Welding Helmet Piece 1,240 35 43,400 25 31,000 10 12,400
Dust Mask Packe 160 33,600 110 23,100 50 10,500
210
t
Face Shield Piece 480 21 10,080 16 7,680 5 2,400
Welding Gloves Pair 610 10 6,100 2 1,220 8 4,880
Total 624,630 384,500 240,130
Table 4
Month wise expenditure summary of Contractors Personal Protective
Equipment
Month Expenditure Expenditure/ Cumulative
Labor Total
(PKR) (PKR) (PRK)
Jan-15 52,390 770 52,390
Feb-15 15,390 997 67,780
Mar-15 115,260 1,070 183,040
Apr-15 52,630 883 235,670
May-
40,010 801 275,680
15 Page 11 of 21
Jun-15 23,585 813 299,265
Jul-15 21,110 1,169 320,375
Aug-15 64,125 907 384,500
Total 384,500 384,500
 Table 5
Expenditure summary of Contractors Site Safety Equipment

Purchased
Description Unit Rate Unit
Amount
s
1. Site Safety Equipment
Barricading Tape Piece 300 17 5,100
Fire Extinguisher (6kg-DCP) Piece 3,000 4 12,000
Fire Extinguisher (6Kg-Co2) Piece 5,900 2 11,800
First Aid Box Box 3,500 1 3,500
Safety Signs (12 x 16) Piece 120 19 2,280
Total 34,680

3.4 SAFETY AWARENESS, TRAININGS AND MEETINGS

Safety meetings on a construction project are an essential tool in
continued development of a mutual understanding of safety objectives
and programs. They provide an environment in which individual
commitment, effort and ideas can be continuously correlated toward
improvement in safety programs and achievements. There are three
types of training and meetings which are mentioned in the safety plan of
the project namely Induction Meetings, Tool Box Meetings and Specific
Training Meetings.

Induction Meetings are the orientation meetings conducted by EHS

representative in which groups of new employees are trained on the site
safety rules and regulations, Tool Box Meetings are short sessions
conducted with labor crews on daily basis in which general practices
regarding safe and unsafe condition of works are briefed while Specific
Trainings Meetings are conducted periodically with supervisory staff in
which specific area of site safety protocol is highlighted and sufficient
training is given regarding the selected topic as per the training plan.

The number of each of these training sessions held during the reporting
period are as follows:

Table 6
Summary of Safety Meetings and Trainings

Specific
Induction Tool Box
Month Training Total
Meetings Meetings
Meeting
Jan-15 4 27 0 31
Feb-15 0 24 0 24
Mar-15 6 26 7 39
Apr-15 10 26 7 43
May-15 6 26 4 36
Jun-15 4 26 6 36

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 Jul-15 6 24 0 30
Aug-15 6 26 8 40
Total 42 205 32 279

3.5 CONTRACTORS EHS TEAM

The contractors EHS Department consist of EHS In-charge and EHS
Supervisors which directly report to him. The contractors EHS Department
works under the guidance of Project Managers EHS Department which
forms the holistic EHS Plan for complete project.
The EHS teams are responsible for monitoring daily site activities and
record keeping in relation to the EHS Plan. The strength of contractors
EHS team with respect to time are as follows:
Table 7
Strength of Contractors EHS Team

EHS
Month
Personnel

Jan-15 2
Feb-15 2
Mar-15 2
Apr-15 3
May-15 4
Jun-15 4
Jul-15 4
Aug-15 4

3.6 HEALTH AND SAFETY KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Key indicators of safety performance (KPIs) are characterized as consisting
of a set of selected measures that describe the level of effectiveness of
the safety process. Leading indicators measure the building blocks of the
safety culture of a project or company. When one or more of these
measures suggests that any aspect of safety process is weak or
weakening, intervention can be implemented to improve the safety
process and thereby positively impact the safety process before any
negative occurrences (injuries) are sustained (Rehan et al, 2014).

The key safety performance indicators considered during this study are:

1. First Aid Cases (which includes minor hand injuries, fever, abdomen
pain, headache, loose motion, eye irritation etc.)
2. Major Injuries (which require hospitalization)

Page 13 of 21
3. Safety Warning Notices (incase the point of conflict is not resolved with
the issuance of unsafe condition notice)
4. Work Stoppage Notices (issued when work is stopped due to unsafe
conditions or violation of safety rules)
5. Near Misses (Incidents in which if care was not taken may result in
greater loss).
6. Unsafe Condition Notices
The record of occurrence of KPIs during the study period is as follows:

Table 8
Record of KPIs

Month First Major Safety Work Near Unsafe Total

Aid Injurie Warnin Stoppag Misse Conditio
Case s g e s n Notices
s Notices Notices
Jan-15 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
Feb-15 0 0 7 4 8 12 31
Mar-15 15 0 18 12 3 4 52
Apr-15 7 0 2 3 2 0 14
May-15 5 0 6 2 0 1 14
Jun-15 22 0 3 1 0 2 28
Jul-15 16 0 0 0 0 0 16
Aug-15 36 0 3 1 0 3 43
Total 101 0 39 23 13 26 202

To arrive at a general site safety index in order to co-relate it with the

means (PPEs) and awareness (safety meetings and trainings) a Risk
Priority Number Analysis is performed on the above mentioned KPIs. The
Risk Priority Number (RPN) methodology is a technique for analyzing the
risk associated with potential problems. Past experience and engineering
judgment of EHS team was utilized to rate each potential problem
according to three rating scales:
1. Severity, which rates the severity of the potential effect of the
occurrence.
2. Occurrence, which rates the likelihood that the failure will occur.
3. Detection, which rates the likelihood that the problem will be detected
before it reaches the conclusion.
A rating scale of 1 to 5 was adopted for RPN analysis, where 5 indicates
that the failure is very likely to occur and is worse than 1, which indicates
that the failure is very unlikely to occur. The specific rating criteria
selected is as follows:
Table 9
Rating criteria for RPN Analysis

Ratin
Description Criteria
g

Page 14 of 21
 1 Very Low or None Minor nuisance
Low or Minor Operations can be continued
2
with reduced performance
Moderate or Gradual performance
3
Significant degradation
4 High Loss of function
Very High or Safety related catastrophic
5
Catastrophic failure

After the rating have been assigned RPN of each issue is calculated by the
following formula:
RPN = Severity x Occurrence x Detection
Following are the RPN obtained after performing the analysis on KPIs.

Table 10
RPN of KPIs

KPI Severity Occurrence Detection RPN

First-Aid Cases 3 3 3 18
Major Injuries 5 1 4 20
Safety Warning Notices 2 3 2 12
Work Stoppage Notices 3 2 2 12
Near Misses 3 1 4 12
Un safe Condition Notices 2 4 1 8

The RPN of individual KPI thus obtained is utilized as nominator factor

against maximum RPN for calculating weighted site safety index in
relation to KPI with maximum RPN then multiplying by number of
occurrences by the following modified form of formula original of which
was used by Priyadarshani et al 2013:

RPN KPI 1
Site Safety Index= No. of occurence of KPI 1 +
20
RPN KPI 2 RPN KPIn
No. of occurence of KPI 2 + No .of occurence of KPIn
20 20

This site safety index thus calculated for each month are as follows, It is to
be noted that the site safety index is inversely proportional to EHS
condition at site, more index is near to 0 better are the site safety
conditions, where 0 is the absolute index which means desired site safety
conditions.
Table 11

Page 15 of 21
 Site Safety Indices

Site Safety
Month
Index

Jan-15 2
Feb-15 16
Mar-15 35
Apr-15 11
May-15 10
Jun-15 23
Jul-15 14
Aug-15 36

3.7 RELATION BETWEEN MEANS AND AWARENESS

Since statistical co-relation techniques cannot be applied n such data
therefore in order to assess the provisions which contributes towards
better EHS conditions a relation is generated between means and
awareness of EHS by plotting multiple axis graph. The expenditure per
labor on personal protective equipment and the strength of EHS team
constitute the means side as they both helps in implementing the EHS
policy while the meetings and training sessions counts towards the
awareness of EHS policy, Further an overall site safety index and
manpower status provides the understanding of on ground condition of
EHS policy based on key performance indicators.
From the graphical relation it is observed that since the PPEs are routinely
provided to the labor, the number of trainings and strength of EHS team is
directly proportional to site safety index as can be substantiated that in
month of April-15 the site safety index was (11), number of trainings were
(43) and
Figure 3
Relation between Manpower, expenses on PPEs, EHS Team & Trainings

Page 16 of 21
 1400 50

45
1200 43
1,169
40
40
39
1,070
1000 997 36 36 36
35 35
883 907
31
30 30
800 801 813
770
25
24
23
600
20

16 424
400 15
368 14
344
11
267 10 274 10
200
171
5
4 4 4 4
68 68 3
2 2 2
0 0
42005 42036 42064 42095 42125 42156 42186 42217

EHS team strength was increased to (3) which was (2) in previous months
in comparison to the month of August-2015 where the site safety index
was worst (36) of the whole study period, the number of safety trainings
(40) provided was considerably less in comparison to the substantial
increase in manpower (from 267 in April to 424 in August) which indicates
that EHS team strength needs to be increased in months following August
2015 in order to achieve better site safety index.
4. SURVEY FOR ASSESMENT OF SITE SAFETY AWARENESS

4.1 SURVEY DESIGN

In order further reinforce the findings from data regarding the status of
safety awareness. A survey was formulated to assess the understanding
of EHS policy by the labor. The survey questionnaire was kept simple and
designed in Urdu due to poor literacy rate of target population.
The questionnaire included 6 nominal questions related to safety
awareness as follows:
1. Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working on
site
a. Helmet
b. Safety Shoes
c. Both a & b (Correct)

2. Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working at

height
a. Safety Harness
b. Helmet and Safety Shoes

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 c. Both a & b (Correct)

3. What will happen in case of fire incident at site?

a. A siren will be sounded (Correct)
b. Your supervisor will tell you that there is a fire incident
c. You will not be informed

4. What will you do in case of fire incident at site?

a. Try to fight the fire
b. Do nothing and continue working
c. Reach the nearest assembly point (Correct)

5. What will you do in case you feel sick?

a. Inform supervisor and continue working
b. Inform supervisor and seek medical help from EHS Office
(Correct)
c. Inform supervisor and leave the site

6. What will you do in case you find naked electrical wire on ground?
a. Stop the work, inform supervisor and wait for instructions
(Correct)
b. Remove the wire from site
c. Do nothing and continue working

4.2 SURVEY ADMINSITRATION

With labor force of 400 personnel a sample of 30 was selected to conduct
the survey, since the survey was administered in person therefore error
percentage was kept at 5% which resulted in confidence interval of 7.5
with confidence level of 95%.
4.3 SURVEY ANALYSIS
The response received on the questionnaire are mentioned in the table
below
Table 12
Response of Questionnaire

Number of %age of correct

Question
responses out of 30 response
1.Which Personal Protective Equipment are
mandatory for working on site
a. Helmet 2
b. Safety Shoes 1 90%
c. Both a & b (Correct) 27
2.Which Personal Protective Equipment are
mandatory for working at height
a. Safety Harness 3
b. Helmet and Safety Shoes 5 73.34%
c. Both a & b (Correct) 22
3. What will happen in case of fire incident
at site?

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 a. A siren will be sounded (Correct) 28
b. Your supervisor will tell you that there is a
2 93.34%
fire incident
c. You will not be informed 0
4. What will you do in case of fire incident
at site?
a. Try to fight the fire 6
b. Do nothing and continue working 0 80%
c. Reach the nearest assembly point (Correct) 24
5. What will you do in case you feel sick?
a. Inform supervisor and continue working 4
b. Inform supervisor and seek medical help
24 80%
from EHS Office (Correct)
c. Inform supervisor and leave the site 2
6. What will you do in case you find naked
electrical wire on ground?
a. Stop the work, inform supervisor and wait
21
for instructions
70%
b. Remove the wire from site 6
c. Do nothing and continue working 3

Overall %age of Correct Responses

97.33%
calculated by arithmetic mean

From the response presented earlier with confidence level of 95% and
confidence interval of 7.5 it was find out that the labor force is well aware
of the EHS requirements for general working at site, fire incident and
medical conditions as the percentages of correct responses is equal to or
above 80% however more work is required in creating awareness for
electrical hazards and working at height whose correct responses were
below 80%. The overall awareness of Site EHS Policy is up to the
satisfaction.
5. CONCLUSION

5.1 STRATEGY
According to the assessment of graphical relation, the betterment of
safety conditions is mostly influenced by the strength of EHS monitoring
team beside provision of PPEs and trainings based on which following
strategy is suggested for future project.
Develop a strong EHS Monitoring team which needs to be retained
for complete duration of project and must be enhanced with the
enhancement of workforce.
Develop a system of trainings for creating awareness.
The trainings should be planned in three phases as follows:
o Induction Training in order to brief new inductees on EHS
procedures
o Regular Trainings / Tool Box Talks in order to reinforce the
concepts presented in induction trainings

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 o Specialized Trainings on individual concepts of General Safety,
Fire Hazards, Electrical Hazzard, Working at height and
Working in confined space.
Provide general as well as job specific PPEs in timely manner
Install display signs creating awareness and motivating workforce
for safe working conditions.
Conduct periodic safety survey of work force and arrange specific
trainings to encounter deficiencies in training plans.

5.2 BUDGET
During the study period a total of PKR 384,500 worth of PPEs and PKR
34,680 worth of Site Safety Equipment were utilized in the same period
the total billing for works executed by contractor was PKR 23,909,680
making it 15.86% of total project cost. The combined cost of PPEs and Site
Safety Equipment is 2% of total billed amount which is adequate to meet
the requirements of safety standards set for this project. Therefore it is
recommended for future projects of similar nature EHS Budget to be set
between 2-3% of total project cost.
It is to be noted that this budget doesnt include the cost of EHS
monitoring team which will be on the parole of contractors management
team.

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 6. REFERNCES
Labor Force Survey 2013-14, Govt. of Pakistan, Bureau of Statistics
Labor Policy 2010, Govt. of Pakistan
Construction Safety Research in Pakistan: A Review and Future Research
Direction, 7th International Civil Engineering Congress (ICEC-2015)
Sustainable Development through Advancements in Civil Engineering
June 12-13, 2015, Karachi, Pakistan. Hafiz Zahoor, Abert P.C. Chan, Rafiq
M. Choudhry, Wahyudi P. Utama, Ran Gao.
Health, Safety and Environmental Practices in the Construction Sector of
Pakistan, Syed Ahmed Hasan, 2012.
Investigation of Safety Performance Indicator on Construction Projects,
Sci.Int. Rehan Masood, Babar Mujtaba, M. Ali Khan, Sajjad Mubin, Faizan
Shafique, Hafiz Zahoor, 2014.
Role of Construction Sector in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from
Pakistan Economy. First International Conference on Construction In
Developing Countries ICCIDCI) Advancing and Integrating Construction
Education, Research & Practice 2008, Raza Ali Khan.
Safety Performance in Construction Industry of Pakistan, First
International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries ICCIDC
I) Advancing and Integrating Construction Education, Research &
Practice 2008, Rizwan U. Farooqi, Farukh Arif, S.F.A Rafeequi
Construction Safety Assessment Framework for Developing Countries: A
Case Study of
Sri Lanka, Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 18(1), 3351,
2013, Kanchana Priyadarshani, Gayani Karunasena and Sajani Jayasuriya.

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