Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Learning Objectives
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Components of DNA
Sugar
Ribose
Nitrogenous Bases
Amino acid
Phosphate Group
Ester bond
Anhydride bond
Nucleotide triphosphates
ATP
GTP
CTP
UTP
Coding strand of DNA
Energy
Enzymes (RNA Polymearse)
Factors
Palindromic sequence
Definitions
Palindromic sequence:
A DNA sequence whose 5'-to-3' sequence is identical on each DNA strand. The
sequence is the same when one strand is read left to right and the other strand is
read right to left
ACTTGCAAGTTGAACGTTCA
Makes 5 3
Termination
Non Coding
strand Exon 1 Exon 2 Exon 3
5 3
Promoter Intron 1 Intron 2
Region Translation Translation
initiation termination
codon (ATG) codon (TAA)
3 5
Coding strand
Amino acid
Step One:
Step Two:
5 3 polymerizing
No proof reading
RNA Polymerase
Step Three:
Matured RNA
Clinical Consequences
Defective movement
No protein
Abnormal splicing
No activation of proteins
No charging of tRNA
No protein formation
Amazing
Mechanism of Translation
Phases of Translation
Initiation
Amino acid
brings the mRNA to the ribosome and uses a large number of initiation
factors to assemble the ribosome and begin translation.
Elongation
then continues to assemble amino acids to form the protein.
Termination
stops the addition of further amino acids and terminates the process
Protein synthesis
This is a molecule of messenger RNA.
It was made in the nucleus by
transcription from a DNA molecule.
codon
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
mRNA molecule
Amino acid
ribosome
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
Amino acid
tRNA molecule
Peptide bond
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
Amino acid
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
Amino acid
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
Amino acid
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
A U G G G C U U AAA G C A G U G C A C G U U
References
Harper Biochemistry
Lippincott's Biochemistry
Amino acid