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The Journal of Religion
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88 THE JOURNAL OF RELIGION
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CRITICAL REVIEWS 89
Sir Mohammad Iqbal believes that the trend today is definitely toward
a spiritual interpretation of the universe, and that in the search for ulti-
mate reality the voice of religious experience has an authority equal to
that of empirical science. He makes frequient reference to the Quran and
other Moslem writings, particularly those of important Sufis, to prove that
the great minds of Islam long ago wrestled with problems which are
crucial today, and that from them we may learn much of value regarding
man and his relation with the Ultimate Ego.
For the present backward state of Islamic thought Sir Mohammad
Iqbal offers several reasons: (i) a conservative desire in the days of the
Abbasides to stabilize society by means of the Sharia in opposition to the
supposed subversive tendencies of the Rationalists; (2) the attraction of
Islam's best minds to an other-worldly Sufiism, leaving the Moslem state
in the hands of intellectual mediocrities; and (3) the conservative crystalli-
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90 THE JOURNAL OF RELIGION
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