SLIDE 4: External Female Anatomy

Vulva: the general term to describe all the external female sex organs.
Labia Majora: (large lips) two folds of skin running from the mons pubis to below the
vagianl opening. The labia majora meet and fold together forming protection for the
genitals. The labia majora are covered with pubic hair and contain many touch sensitive
receptors.
Labia Minora: two smaller folds of tissue which lie just within the labia majora. The
labia minora join at the top, forming a hood over the clitoris. The labia minora are
without hair and are filled with touch receptors and blood vessels.
Clitoris: the center of sexual sensation and stimulation in the female. It is composed
of erectile tissues and many sensitive nerve endings. It is found where the folds of the
labia minora meet in the front.
Urethra: below the clitoris, the opening to the bladder.

SLIDE 5: Internal Female Anatomy

Hymen: a thin ring of tissue covering the opening to the vagina. It is the dividing line
between external and internal sex organs. It has been over emphasized as a sign of
virginity.
Vagina: female organ of intercourse, it is actually an empty passageway leading from
the vaginal opening to the uterus. It is only 3-4 inches long and shaped like a flattened
funnel. The vaginal walls are made of many small folds of membrane that stretch
greatly to accommodate a baby during birth (think of a slinky). The vagina has three
main functions: 1-channel for the menstrual flow, 2- receptacle for the male penis
during intercourse, 3-birth canal.
Cervix: the neck or opening of the uterus. A normal healthy cervix is the strongest
muscle in the body. It dips down about half an inch into the vagina.. It stays tightly
closed during pregnancy, but thins and opens for the delivery of the baby.
Urethra: the uterus is a hollow, muscular organ shaped somewhat like an upside-down
pear, about three inches long and two inches wide. This uterus is lined with
endometrium. The uterus has one main function to protect and nourish a fetus until it
is ready to live outside the mothers body. The walls of the uterus stretch much like a
balloon that is blown up. After childbirth the uterus shrinks back to the original shape in
6-8 weeks.
Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): two tubes shaped like arched and twisting bridges, high
on either side of the uterus. They are about four inches long and 3/16 inch in diameter
(the size of cooked spaghetti). The oviducts carry egg cells toward the uterus and
sperm cells toward the egg cell. They are the location for fertilization. Fertilization
takes place in the outer third of the oviduct. The oviducts are funnel shaped and near
the ovary. They have finger-like projections that reach out and encircle the ovum after
ovulation takes place. Each oviduct is lined with many hair like fibers called cilia. The
cilia beat a blowing motion toward the uterus. This motion carries the egg cell toward
the uterus.
Ovaries: two solid egg-shaped structures about the size of peach pits. They are
attached to the uterus by ligaments. They are the counterpart of the male testicles.
They have two main functions: 1-produce female sex hormones ESTROGEN and
PROGESTERONE. Estrogen is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics and
the sex drive in females. It spurs the onset of puberty and is responsible for
OVULATION. Progesterone builds up the lining of the uterus called the endometrium in
preparation for the fertilized ovum, 2- stores and releases the ova or female egg cell.
The female baby is born with all the ova she will ever have (about 200,000 in each
ovary). Some of the ova disappear; others are dormant until each is ripened and
released after puberty. Nature is very generous since only about 50,000 ova survive at
adolescence and about 400 will never ripen to become available for fertilization. After
menopause the remaining ova no longer ripen or develop.

SLIDE 13: Fertilization of an Egg

Approximately 40-50% of all fertilized eggs do not implant themselves and are expelled
as if fertilization did not happen.

SLIDE 14: Male External Anatomy

Penis: the male organ for sexual intercourse, reproduction, and urination. The
reproductive purpose of the penis is to deposit semen in the vagina during sexual
intercourse. The head of the penis or glans contains many nerve endings. At birth the
glans is covered by a loosely fitting skin called the foreskin. Many adolescent males
often wonder if their penis is too small or too large. When the penis is flaccid it is 3-4
long and just under 1 inch in diameter. When the penis is erect it is 5-7 inches long and
1 inch in diameter. There is no relationship between the size of the penis and sexual
functioning. It is common for many male teenagers to experience erections at different
times. An erection occurs when the sponge-like changers in the penis fill with blood.
This may happen when a male is sexually aroused or at other times for no apparent
reason. Sometimes a male may awaken in the morning with an erect penis and not feel
sexually aroused. This may result from a full bladder, which stimulates nerves
associated with the penis.
Scrotum: a sac-like pouch located behind the penis that holds each testicle and helps
regulate temperature for sperm production.
Testicles or Testes: the two testes are small organs about the size of a peach pit that
lie in the scrotum and produce sperm and male hormone testosterone. The testicles
are the male sex gland. One may hang slightly lower than the other because of the
varying length of blood vessels. The testicles are outside the body because the male
sperm that is manufactured in the testes need cooler than body temperature for normal
growth and development. They are the counterpart to the female ovary. Each testicle is
a complete sex gland. Loss of one does not impair the function of the other. Within
each testicle there are many winding and tightly coiled tubules in which sperm are
produced. If all the tubules in the mans testicle were laid end to end, they would reach
for a half-mile. Four to five billion sperm cells are produced each month. Each testicle
contains 300-600 tightly coiled tubules in which sperm are produced.

SLIDE 15: Male Internal Anatomy and Hormones

Sperm: the microscopic cells produced by the males testicles which can fertilize the
females ovum. They are tiny, living cells 100 times smaller than a pencil dot. Enough
sperm would fit on the head of a pin to re-populate the earth if each sperm fertilized an
egg. Sperm is the male reproductive cell or seed (counterpart to female ovum). It is the
smallest cell in the male body (while ovum is the largest cell in the female body). Each
sperm carries half of the genetic material to produce a new human. It is destroyed by
warm body temperature, acid environment, and is built to self-destruct in the female
body within five days. Any sperm not ejaculated are passed in the urine.
Epididymus: the structure that forms a mass over the back and upper part of each
testicle. Contractions of the tubes inside the testes move the sperm into the epididymus.
Sperm may be held for as long as six weeks while they ripen to maturity. Epididymitis is
a painful condition caused by wearing pants too tight.
Vas Deferens: two long, thin tubes that serve as a passageway for sperm and a place
for sperm storage. The vas deferens are lined with cilia. The contraction of the vas
deferens along with the action of the cilia help transport the sperm through the vas
deferens.
Seminal Vesicles: two small glands that secrete a fluid that nourishes and enables the
sperm to move.