EXPERIMENT 1

MODULUS YOUNG

OBJECTIVE

1. To investigate the relationship between load, span width, height and deflection of a simply
supported beam.
2. To ascertain the Coefficient of Elasticity (Youngs modulus) for steel, brass, and aluminum.

INTRODUCTION

Youngs Modulus

The Youngs Modulus (elastic modulus) is the measurement of the stiffness of a given metarial. It
is defined as the limit for small strains of the rate of change of stress with strain. Young's
modulus is actually one of several elastic moduli such as the bulk modulus and the shear
modulus) or tensile modulus.

Moment of Inertia

Moment of inertia, I is the property of an object associated with its resistance to rotation. It
depends on the object mass and the distribution of mass with respect to the axis of rotation. For
any beam, the inertia is calculated based on the cross sectional shape and thickness.

Deflection equation with different beam support types

Two simple support end

For the load at the centre of the beam, the deflection equation is :

= FL / 48EI

Apparatus

1- Support frame
2- A pair of support stands
3- A pair of knife-edge support
4- Load hanger
5- Vernier caliper
6- Meter ruler
7- Brass beam

Procedure

1- Supports were fixed to support stands assembles the support systems.

2- The bolts at the both two assembled supports system were loosen.
3- The width and depth of specimen were measured and readings were noted.
4- Beam specimen was placed on to the support.
5- Load hanger was fixed at the mid-span of the beam.
6- Analog gauge was positioned at the mid-span of the beam and the resulting deflections
were measured.
7- The analog gauge was set up so that the initial reading is zero.
8- Loads were placed on the load hanger and the resulting analog gauge readings were
noted.
9- The loads on hanger were increased at suitable increments and for each increment the
analog gauge readings were noted.
10- Results obtained.

Discussion

1- Determine the moment of inertia of the beam tested.

I = bh / 12
= (25.810^-5)(6.5410^-5) / 12
= (25.810^-5)(2.7910^-13) / 12
= 6.0110^-18
 2- Determine the Youngs modulus of the beam.

E = (L / 48 I) (F/)
= (8010) / (48)(6.0110^-13) (134.6)
= 2392.810^9

3- Discuss the relationship between average normal stress and average normal strain in
engineering materials.

The internal force is normal to the plane of the section and the corresponding stress the
rod is experiencing is described as a normal stress. The stress is obtained by dividing the
magnitude of the resultant of the internal forces distributed over the cross section by the
area of the cross section, thus it represents the average value of the stress over the cross
section.

Based on the experiment, the results were obtained and calculated carefully. The experimental
values were different with the theoretical values. This is because of some errors. But, the biggest
error comes from the slope of the graph. Because of the values that have being used in this
experiment is too large until Mega Pascal, so if there are small effects on the slope of the graph,
it will give effect to the calculation.

Conclusion

The relationship between load, span width, height, and deflection of a simply supported beam
were investigated in this experiment.

The Coefficient of Elasticity (Youngs Modulus) for brass was ascertained and obtained.

Refferences

1- Internet
2- Love, A. E. H. (4 ed.). (1944). Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. New
York: Dover Publications.
3- L.D.Landau and E.M.Lifshitz. (1959). Theory of Elasticity.