Name

WPHS
Chemistry
Unit 5 Packet
Stoichiometry

Bergmann-Sams

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Chemistry: Unit 5 Outline: Stoichiometry

Assignment WB Page Number Score Out of

Podcast 5.1 (CB 1-5) Online
Worksheet A Pg 15-16
Lab: Simple Weight Loss Pg 8-11 100
Podcast 5.2 (CB 7-9) Online
Worksheet B Pg 17-19
Podcast 5.3 (CB 11-13) Online
Worksheet C Pg 20-23
Lab: BalloonsVinegarNaHCO3 Pg 12-14 100
Podcast 5.3 (CB 11-13) Online
Worksheet D Pg 24-25 100
Lab: Limiting Reactants Pg 10-11 100
Stoichiometry Technology Lab Teacher Handout 100
Worksheet E Pg 26
Take Home Lab (Cookies) Pg 6-7 100
Worksheet F (Review) Pg 27-29
Lab Exam In Class 100
Unit 5 Exam) In Class 100

(You must score 85/100 on all assignments with a number to move to the next unit. For
those assignments with a check, you need to do it to the satisfaction of your teacher)

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Unit 5: StoichiometryComposition Book Outline

Section 9.1: The Arithmetic of Equations
1 Introduction to Stoichiometry (pg 237-240)
Define: Stoichiometry
Copy: Figure 9.2: The equation and diagram to make a tricycle
Read: The whole section and write a 3-4 sentence summary of what we will be doing in this
chapter
Copy: Figure 9.4 on page 239: You may be brief as you do this.

9.2: Chemical Calculations

3 Mole-Mole Calculations (pg 242-244)
Copy down the equation for the production of ammonia on page 242 and also all of the mole ratios
(fractions) on the bottom of pg 242
Example 1
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
When 2.2 moles of KClO3 reacts. How many moles of oxygen are formed?

Example 2
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
When 0.0045 moles of KCl is formed, how many moles of KClO3 reacted?

5 Mass-Mass Calculations (pg 244-247)

Example 1
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
If 12.3 g of KClO3 reacts: How many grams of O2 will be formed?

Example 2
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
If 4.53 g of KClO3 reacts: How many liters of O2 will be formed?

7 Other Stioiciometric Calculations (pg 247-250)

Example 1
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
If 5.67 L of O2 is formed: How many molecules of KCl will be formed?

Example 2
2CaCO3 + 2SO2 + O2 2CaSO4 + 2CO2
If 5.67 x 1023 molecules of O2 reacts: How many liters of CO2 will be formed

Example 3
15.8 grams of AgNO3 is added to excess barium chlorde. How many grams of AgCl will be formed?

Example 4
0.025 L of oxygen gas reacts with propane (C3H8). How many Liters of carbon dioxide is formed?

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9 More Stioiciometric Calculations (pg 247-250)

Example 5
5.4 grams of Lithium reacts with a solution of Cobalt II phosphate. How many grams of cobalt is
formed?

Example 6
Iron III Nitride decomposes into its elements. If 4.5 x 105 grams of iron III nitride decomposes, how
many liters of nitrogen gas will be formed at STP?

Example 7
12.3 g of lead II nitrate reacts with an excess of sodium phosphate. How many grams of precipitate is
formed?

Example 8
2.3 x 1023 molecules of oxygen gas is formed in the decomposition of potassium chlorate. How many
grams of potassium chlorate decomposed. The other product in the reaction is potassium chloride

9-3: Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield

11 Limiting Reagent (pg 252-256)
Define: limiting reagent, excess reagent

Example 1
2Hg(l) + O2(g) ---> 2HgO(s)
20.0 g of Hg are reacted with 5.00 g of O2. Calculate the maximum amount, in grams, of HgO formed.

Example 2

2 Al + 3 I2 2 AlI3

Determine the limiting reagent and the amount of AlI3 produced in the reaction when 1.20 g Al and
2.40 g iodine react. How many grams of Al are left over?

Example 3
90.0 g of FeCl3 reacts with 52.0 g of H2S. What is the limiting reactant? What is the mass of HCl
produced? What mass of excess reactant remains after the reaction?

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13 More Limiting Reagent Problems

Example 4: 3 FeO(s) + 2 Al(s) 3 Fe(s) + Al2O3 (s).

A mixture of 10.325 g of iron(II) oxide and 5.734 g of aluminum metal is placed in a crucible
and heated in a high-temperature oven, as expressed by the reaction above:
(a) What is the limiting reagent?
(b) Determine the maximum number of grams of Fe that can be produced.
(c) Calculate the mass of the excess reactant remaining in the crucible.

Example 5: 2NH3(g) + 3CuO(s) N2(g) + 3Cu(s) + 3H2O(g).

Nitrogen gas can be prepared by passing ammonia gas over solid copper(II) oxide at
high temps, as shown by the balanced equation above.
If a sample containing 18.1g of NH3 is reacted with 90.4g of CuO.
a) Which is the limiting reagent?
b) How many Liters of N2 should be formed at STP?

15 Percent Yield (pg256-260)

Define: theoretical yield, actual yield, percent yield
Copy: The percent yield equation

Example 1
A student adds 200.0g of C7H6O3 to an excess of C4H6O3, this produces C9H8O4 and C2H4O2.
Calculate the percent yield if 231 g of aspirin (C9H8O4) is produced.

C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 C9H8O4 + C2H4O2

Example2
Accordingtothefollowingequation,Calculatethepercentageyieldif550.0goftoluene
(C7H8 )addedtoanexcessofnitricacid(HNO3)provides305gofthepnitrotoluene(C7H7NO2 )
product.

C7H8 + HNO3 C7H7NO2 + H2O

17 More Percent Yield Problems

Example 3
Aluminum reacts with an aqueous solution containing excess copper (II) sulfate. If 1.85 g Al reacts
and the percentage yield of Cu is 56.6%, what mass of Cu is produced?

Al + CuSO4 Cu + Al2(SO4)3

Example 4
The combustion of methane produces carbon dioxide and water. Assume that 2.0 mol of CH4 burned
in the presence of excess air. What is the percentage yield if the reaction produces 87.0 g of CO2?

Example 5:

15.3 grams of Lithium is dropped into a solution containing 23.4 grams of copper II
phosphate. When the reaction is completed, 1.25 grams of copper is formed. What

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is the percent yield?

Take Home Lab: Making Chocolate Chip Cookies Name
The following recipe for chocolate chip cookies recently appeared in Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN,
Jun 19, 1995, p. 100). It was attributed to Jeannene Ackerman of Witco Corp.

Ingredients:

1 587.5 cm3 gluten

2 4.9 cm3 NaHCO3

3 4.9 cm3 refined halite

4 176.25 cm3 partially hydrogenated tallow triglyceride

5 177.45 cm3 crystalline C12H22O11

6 177.45 cm3 unrefined C12H22O11

7 4.9 cm3 methyl ether of protocatechuic aldehyde

8 Two calcium carbonate-encapsulated avian albumen-coated protein

9 473.2 cm3 theobroma cacao

10 236.6 cm3 de-encapsulated legume meats (sieve size #10)

To a 2-L jacketed round reactor vessel (reactor #1) with an overall heat-transfer coefficient of about 100
Btu/F-ft2-hr add one, two, and three with constant agitation.

In a second 2-L reactor vessel with a radial flow impeller operating at 100 rpm add four, five, six, and seven
until the mixture is homogeneous.

To reactor #2 add eight followed by three equal portions of the homogeneous mixture in reactor #1.
Additionally, add nine and ten slowly with constant agitation. Care must be taken at this point in the reaction
to control any temperature rise that may be the result of an exothermic reaction.

Using a screw extrude attached to a #4 nodulizer place the mixture piece-meal on a 316SS sheet (300 x 600
mm). Heat in a 460K oven for a period of time that is in agreement with Frank & Johnston's first order rate
expression (see JACOS, 21, 55), or until golden brown.

Once the reaction is complete, place the sheet on a 25C heat-transfer table allowing the product to come to
equilibrium.

Conversion Factors
1 teaspoon = 5cm3
235 cm3 = 1 cup
C = 9/5F +32

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To Receive Credit: You must have a signed note from your parent/guardian that indicates that you made the
cookies you can even bring in a sample to your friendly Chemistry Teacher.

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PROBLEMS: Use dimensional analysis to set up the problem. Please show your work!
1. Show your work here for how much of each item you need to measure out at home:

2. How many cookies did you made from this recipe?

3. If you only have 100cm3 of unrefined C12H22O11, how much gluten will you need?

4. You have decided with a group of friends to make these cookies for a fund raiser. It is your job to
make 1000 cookies. How many calcium carbonate-encapsulated avian albumen-coated protein will
you need to buy?

5. Adjust the recipe for 3 calcium carbonate-encapsulated avian albumen-coated protein and determine
how much of each reactant you need in the recipe.

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STOICHIOMETRY LABSimple Weight Loss

A balanced equation indicates the proportions between reactants and products. More
specifically, the coefficients in the equation indicate the mole ratios between the chemical
substances. Thus, it is possible to determine how much product will be produced from a
given amount of reactant. This predicted amount can then be compared with the actual
amount produced to determine the percent yield of the reaction.
In this experiment, you will investigate two reactions:
1. Copper and aqueous silver nitrate yield silver and aqueous copper(II)
nitrate.
2. Sodium bicarbonate and aqueous sulfuric acid produce aqueous sodium
sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide gas.

SAFETY
2M sulfuric acid can cause burns. Avoid skin and eye contact. Rinse spills with plenty of
water.

PROCEDURE
REACTION 1
1. Measure and record the mass of a copper wire (~20cm long).
2. Coil the wire to fit inside the test tube and insert. Cover with 15 mL of 0.1M AgNO3. Record the exact volume
you used.
3. Observe the formation of silver crystals. After about 20 minutes, remove the wire and rinse it with distilled
water. Record the mass of the wire.
REACTION 2
4. Obtain a beral pipet containing 2M H2SO4.
5. Obtain a clean, dry modified jumbo pipet. Measure and
record its mass. Place approximately 0.30 g (see
sample) of NaHCO3 into the modified jumbo pipet
using the plastic funnel as shown in Figure 1. Find the
combined mass of the jumbo pipet and sodium
bicarbonate and record.
6. Determine the exact mass of sodium bicarbonate by
subtraction. This mass must be between 0.20 and 0.40
g. If your mass is not within this range, add or remove
some solid until your mass falls within the desired
limits. Record the mass of sodium bicarbonate in a data
table.
7. Insert the beral pipet containing sulfuric acid into the
jumbo pipet as shown in Figure 2. Measure and record
the initial mass of this dual-pipet unit.
8. SLOWLY, drop by drop, release the sulfuric acid to
generate carbon dioxide gas. Continue releasing the
acid in this manner until gas production ceases.

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Measure and record the final mass of the dual-pipet unit

9. Return the beral pipet with the remainder of the sulfuric
acid to the chemicals table. Rinse the contents of the
jumbo pipet down the drain with water. Allow the
clean jumbo pipet to drain upside-down and clean up
your lab station.
DATA
Construct a data table for each reaction to display your laboratory measurements. Make sure that
each value is clearly labeled.
ANALYSIS
REACTION 1
1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
2. Calculate the actual mass of copper consumed (actual yield).
3. Using the balanced equation, calculate the mass of copper theoretically required to react with
the volume of 0.1M AgNO3 that you used (theoretical yield).
REACTION 2
4. Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
5. Calculate the actual mass of carbon dioxide produced (actual yield).
6. Using the balanced equation, calculate the mass of carbon dioxide that should be produced
from the mass of sodium bicarbonate that you used (theoretical yield).

CONCLUSIONS
Calculate the percent yield of the copper in REACTION 1 and of the carbon dioxide in
REACTION 2 using the equation below (show your work).
experimental yield
% yield = 100
theoretical yield

A perfect percent yield would be 100%. For each reaction, comment on your degree of
accuracy and suggest possible sources of measurement error. How could these errors be
reduced in the future?

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Chemistry
Limiting Reactant Lab

Introduction
A limiting reactants is defined as one of the reactants in a chemical reaction that will be
used up first. The purpose of this lab is to determine the amount of precipitate that will be
produced when a given amount of barium chloride and sodium carbonate are mixed.

Once you have massed the barium chloride and the sodium carbonate you will need to do
each of the following before you proceed with the rest of the experiment.
Write the balanced chemical reaction noting the states of matter for all substances.
(See solubility chart to determine which substance precipitates.)
Determine which reagent, barium chloride or sodium carbonate, is limiting.
Predict the amount of the precipitate that will be produced.

Once you have done these three things, show them to your instructor. Then you may begin
the experiment.

Procedure
1. Label and mass a test tube. The test tube must be completely dry
2. Obtain about 0.30 grams of each reagent (It doesnt matter how much you get just
as long as you know exactly how much you obtain), and determine both which
reagent is limiting and how much precipitate you will discover.
3. Dissolve the barium chloride into 3 mL of deionized water by carefull flicking the
test tube (Your instructor will show you how to do this. Dissolve the sodium
carbonate into 3-mL of deionized water.
4. Pour the sodium carbonate solution into the test tube with barium chloride in it.
Take care to get all of the sodium carbonate into the barium chloride test tube.
5. Remove the stopper and then place your sample into a centrifuge and spin out the
precipitate. (Caution should be used in using this device. Your teacher will instruct
you on proper use of a centrifuge)
6. Decant, or pour off, the liquid (supernatant) above the precipitate. Be careful not to
allow any of the precipitate to be poured out.
7. Add about 10-mL of deionized water to your precipitate and spin it again. Decant
again and repeat this step two more times for a total of four centrifuges
8. Set your labeled test tube into a drying oven overnight.
9. Weigh your test tube and determine the mass of the precipitate that you have.
Compare this amount to what you expected to get from your calculations.

Calculations

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Show all calculations needed to determine the expected amount of precipitate

required to do the experiment. This should include the balanced chemical reaction and all
appropriate stoichiometric calculations.

Questions
1. Why did you have to mass the test tube prior to beginning the experiment?
2. Why did you need to add water to the solid barium chloride and solid sodium
carbonate to cause the reaction to occur?
3. Comment on sources of error.
4. What was your percentage of error?
5. Draw a picture of the two test tubes prior to adding the two chemicals. What had
happened to the barium chloride? What happened to the sodium carbonate.
6. Now draw a picture of the test tube once you have mixed the two chemicals.
Where are all of the chemicals now? Label this in your diagram.

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Limiting Reactant Exploration Lab: How much Carbon Dioxide?

Introduction:
In this lab you will do a cool reaction, make some measurements, make a graph, and then
write down some observations. The reaction that you will do is the reaction between
vinegar and baking soda. In this reaction, carbon dioxide, CO2 will be produced. Chemists
use chemical symbols to show the reaction. The reaction is:

CH3COOH (aq) + NaHCO3 H2O + CO2 + NaCH3COO

Vinegar Baking Water Carbon Sodium
Soda Dioxide Acetate

Materials:
Apparatus as pictured below
Vinegar
Baking Soda
To simplify: Here is a picture of what you will need:

Procedure:
Follow this procedure as closely as possible.
1. place 0.25 g into a paper towel
2. Get the appropriate amount of vinegar into the flask
3. Set-up the apparatusand mix.
4. Record the amount of CO2 collected

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Data
Fill out the following data table:
Amount of vinegar Amount of baking Vol CO2
soda
1 1 mL 0.25g

2 2 mL 0.25g

3 3 mL 0.25g

4 4 mL 0.25g

5 5 mL 0.25g

6 6 mL 0.25g

Questions
1. Describe in detail what occurred (your observations) when the vinegar was
mixed with the baking soda. Some descriptive words that you should probably
use are, but not including (gas given off, fizzing, foaming, balloon expanding)
2. Describe the pattern of how much carbon dioxide, CO2 was formed as you
added more and more vinegar. Relate this to the graph.
3. For each trial: explain which substance was the limiting and excess reagent.
Explain how you were able to determine this.
4. You should have noticed that as you increased the amount of vinegar eventually
you got the same amount of carbon dioxide, CO2. Explain why that occurred.

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Stoichiometry Worksheet A
1. Carbon disulfide is an important industrial solvent. It is prepared by the reaction of
coke with sulfur dioxide:
5C(s) + 2SO2(g) -----> CS2(s) + 4CO(g)
a. How many moles of CS2 form when 6.3 mol of C reacts?

b. How many moles of carbon are needed to react with 7.24 moles of SO2

2. Silver can be made according to the following equation:

AgNO3+ Ca Ca(NO3)2 + Ag
Balance the equation
If 35.3 moles of silver nitrate are reacted how many moles of silver are
produced?

3. Barium oxide reacts with carbon dioxide to make Barium carbonate:

BaO + CO2 BaCO3
Balance the equation
If 23.4 moles of barium oxide react, how many liters of CO2 are required at
STP?

4. Car batteries are called lead storage batteries because of their use of large quantities of
lead. These batteries utilize the following equation.
Pb + PbO2 +2H+ + 2HSO4- 2PbSO4 + 2 H2O
If 34.3-g of PbO2 react how many grams of water will be formed?

Assuming the same mass of PbO2, how many grams of PbSO4 will be formed?

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5. Ammonia, (NH3) is produced by reacting its elements with each other according to the
following equation:
N2 + H2 NH3
Balance the equation.
If 34.3-L of nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen, how many liters at STP of
ammonia will be formed?

6. 32.5-g of ZnSO4 reacts to form how many grams of BaSO4 according to the following
equation. Dont forget to balance the equation.
ZnSO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + ZnCl2

7. When sodium metal is added to water the resulting gas, Hydrogen can often explode.
How many Liters of hydrogen gas is produced when 41.2-g of sodium is dropped into
water. Again, you must balance the equation in order to solve the problem.
Na + HOH NaOH + H2
8. Propane is a gas used often for backyard grills. How many Liters of CO2 is produced
when 54.9-L of propane (C3H8) is burned according to the following equation. Again, you
must balance the equation in order to solve the problem.
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O

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Stoichiometry WS B

1. How many moles of Carbon dioxide is formed when 44-mol of CH4 is burned?

2. 43.5-grams of barium sulfate is formed from the reaction of barium nitrate and
sodium sulfate. How many moles of sodium sulfate reacted?

3. 32.3-L of O2 is formed when KClO3 is decomposed. How many moles of KClO3

reacted initially?
__KClO3 __KCl + __O2

4. 22.8-g of NaOH is reacted with hydrochloric acid. How many grams of water is
formed?

5. 32.5-grams of iron III chloride reacts with silver nitrate. How many grams of silver
chloride are formed?

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6. 43.5-grams of copper II sulfate is reacted with barium nitrate. How many grams of
precipitate are formed?

7. How many liters of hydrogen gas is formed when 13.5-grams of calcium reacts with
sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?

8. Calculate the mass of silver needed to react with chlorine to produce 84 g of silver
chloride.

9. A volume of 7.5 L of hydrogen gas was produced from the single replacement
reaction of zinc and nitric acid (HNO3). Calculate the mass of zinc needed for this
reaction.

10. How many molecules of chlorine are needed to react with 5.6 g of iron to form iron
III chloride?

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11. What mass of ammonia, NH3, is necessary to react with 2.1 x 1024 molecules of
oxygen when ammonia (NH3) reacts with oxygen to form water and nitrogen
dioxide?

12. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced when 250 g of pentane, C5H12,
burn. Assume the carbon dioxide is cooled to STP.

13. Silver Nitrate reacts with sodium chloride to make the silver chloride and sodium
nitrate. When 2.53 grams of silver nitrate is reacted. How many grams of silver
chloride are formed?

14. Calcium Carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and a common gas. When 45.5
grams of calcium oxide is formed how many liters of gas is also formed from this
reaction.

15. When 3.25 g of copper II nitrate reacts with ammonium hydroxide. How many
grams of the precipitate will form.

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Stoichiometry WS C: Limiting Reactants

BOX ALL ANSWERS!!
1. When 114.0 g of iron and 292.7 g of chlorine gas reacts, iron(III) chloride is formed.
a. Write a balanced equation

b. How many grams of Iron (III) chloride is formed

c. What is the limiting reactant?

d. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of the experiment?

2. 20 L of oxygen react with 1.0L of methyl alcohol, CH3OH

a. Write a balanced equation

b How many liters of water will be formed at STP?

c. What is the limiting reactant?

d. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of the experiment?

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3. 25 g of hydrazine, N2H4(l), and 66 g of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2(l), react to produce

nitrogen gas and water.
a. Write a balanced equation

b. How many grams of nitrogen are produced?

c. What is the limiting reactant?

d. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of the experiment?

4. 22.5 grams of lithium reacts with 33.5 grams of aqueous aluminum sulfate. This is a
single replacement reaction.
a. Write a balanced equation.

b. How many grams of lithium sulfate will be formed?

c. What is the limiting reactant?

d. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of the experiment?

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5. 33.6 grams of sulfur dioxide reacts with 55.3 grams of water to form sulfurous acid
(H2SO3).
a. Write a balanced equation.

b. How many grams of sulfurous acid will be formed?

c. What is the limiting reactant?

d. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of the experiment?

6. 77 g of potassium iodide react with 32 g of lead II nitrate reacts to form a yellow

precipitate.
a. Write a balanced equation and identify the precipitate

b. How many grams of the precipitate will be formed?

c. What is the limiting reactant?

d. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of the experiment?

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7. In the following equation:

NH3 + O2 H2O + NO2
a. Balance the equation

c. If you react 22 L of NH3 with 95 L of air (Which is 20% oxygen), how many
liters of NO2, will be produced?

c. What is the limiting reagent?

d. How much excess reagent will remain?

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Stoichiometry WS D: Percent Yield

1. 15.5-g of NH4Cl reacts with an excess of AgNO3. In the reaction 35.5-g AgCl is
produced. NH4NO3 is the other product. What is the percent yield?

2. Potassium Chlorate decomposes according to the following reaction.

2KClO3 2KCl +3 O2
In an experiment 32.5-g of KClO3 is decomposed and 15.2-g of KCl is formed.
What is the percent yield?

3. Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to make ammonia (NH3). 15.5-L of N2 reacts at
STP to make 30-L of ammonia. What is the percent yield?

4 What is the percent yield of oxygen gas if 54L of O2 can be obtained from the
thermal decomposition of 500.0 g of potassium chlorate?
KClO3 KCl + O2

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5. It is desired to prepare 100.0g of silicon tetrafluoride by adding hydrogen fluoride to

silicon dioxide. The percent yield of this process is 75%. Ho much HF do you need to
react? The other product is water.

6. When black gunpowder explodes, potassium nitrate, carbon, and sulfur react with each
other to form nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and potassium sulfide. If the original mixture
contains 50.0 g of potassium nitrate, if the total volume of the gases is 20L, then what is
the percent yield for this process?

7. Very hot zinc will react with steam to form zinc oxide and hydrogen. 5.4L of H2 was
used to use up 20.0 g of zinc completely? What is the percent yield of this process?

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Worksheet E Molar Mass Worksheet Name _________________

1. 2.35g of metal with a charge of +2 reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce 0.598 L
of gas at STP. What metal do you have?
M + HCl MCl2 + H2

2. (NH4)3PO4 reacts with 0.0345 g of metal sulfate (M2(SO4)3) to produce 0.0399 g of

(NH4)2SO4. Balance the equation. What is the molar mass of the metal? What is
the metal?
__M2(SO4)3 + __(NH4)3PO4 __(NH4)2SO4 + __MPO4

3. 3.45g of a metal hydroxide with charge + 1 reacts with excess Iron III Chloride to
make 0.82g of Iron III hydroxide. What is the identity of the metal hydroxide?

4. 30.2 L of oxygen is produced at STP when 135.9 g of metal chlorate of charge +3

decomposes into oxygen and the metal chloride. What is the identity of the metal
chlorate?

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Stoichiometry WS F: Mixed Problems=Review

1. How many grams of water are formed when 12.5-g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen?

2. How many liters of carbon dioxide are formed when 12.3-g of sodium carbonate reacts
with 2.0-L of hydrogen chloride. The reaction is printed below:
Na2CO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2

3. How many grams of precipitate are formed when 24.3-g of zinc nitrate reacts with 20.5-
g of sodium phosphate?

4. How many liters of oxygen are produced when 3.25-g of KClO3 decomposes into KCl
and O2?

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5. When 2.25-g of sodium chloride reacts with excess silver nitrate, 3.45-g of precipitate is
formed. What is the percent yield of the precipitate?

6. 4.35-g of C5H12 reacts with 4.0-L of O2.

a. How many liters of CO2 are formed?

b. How much excess reactant remains?

7. 3.0-g of zinc reacts with silver nitrate to form how many grams of zinc nitrate?

8. 8.2-mol of barium carbonate decomposes into how many moles of barium oxide. The
other product is carbon dioxide.

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9. 4.5-g of sodium hydroxide reacts with 2.0-g of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). How many grams
of water are formed?

10. 8.0-L of butane (C4H10) reacts with oxygen to make 50-g of carbon dioxide. What is
the percent yield?

11. 8.5-L of hydrogen reacts with 5.4-L of nitrogen to make

a. how many liters of ammonia (NH3)?

b. How many liters of excess reactant remains?

12.A 2.25-g sample of aluminum sulfate reacts with 3.25-g of sodium phosphate to make
1.0-g of precipitate. What is the percent yield?

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Stoichiometry Worksheet 1 KEY

1. Carbon disulfide is an important industrial solvent. It is prepared by the reaction of
coke with sulfur dioxide:
5C(s) + 2SO2(g) -----> CS2(s) + 4CO(g)
How many moles of CS2 form when 6.3 mol of C reacts?
How many moles of carbon are needed to react with 7.24 moles of SO2
6.3molC 1molCS2
x 1.26molCS2
1 5molC
7.2molSO2 5molC
x 18molC
1 2molSO2

2. Silver can be made according to the following equation:

2AgNO3+ Ca Ca(NO3)2 + 2Ag
35.3g ?g
Balance the equation
If 35.3 moles of silver nitrate are reacted how many moles of silver are produced?

5.3gAgNO3 2molAg
x 35.3molAg
1 2molAgNO3

3. Barium oxide reacts with carbon dioxide to make Barium carbonate:

BaO + CO2 - BaCO3 (Balanced)

23.4mol L?
Balance the equation
If 23.4 moles of barium oxide react, how many liters of CO2 are required at
STP?
23.4molBaO 1molCO2 22.4 LCO2
x x 524 LCO2
1 1molBaO 1molCO2

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 Name

4. Car batteries are called lead storage batteries because of their use of large quantities of
lead. These batteries utilize the following equation.
Pb + PbO2 +2H+ + 2HSO4- 2PbSO4 + 2
H2O
34.3g
g?
If 34.3-g of PbO2 react how many grams of water will be formed?
Assuming the same mass of PbO2, how many grams of PbSO4 will be formed?
34.3gPbO2 1molPbO2 2molH 2O 18gH 2O
x x x
1 239gPbO2 1molPbO2 1molH 2O
5.16gH 2O
34.3gPbO2 1molPbO2 2molPbSO4 303gPbSO4
x x x
1 239gPbO2 1molPbO2 1molPbSO4
87.0gPbSO4

5. Ammonia, (NH3) is produced by reacting its elements with each other according to the
following equation:

N2 + 3H2 2NH3
34.3L L?
Balance the equation.
If 34.3-L of nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen, how many liters at STP of
ammonia will be formed?
34.3LN 2 2LNH 3
x 68.6LNH 3
1 molN 2

6. 32.5-g of ZnSO4 reacts to form how many grams of BaSO4 according to the following
equation. Dont forget to balance the equation.

ZnSO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + ZnCl2 bal
32.5g g?
32.5gZnSO4 1molZnSO4 1molBaSO4 233gBaSO4
x x x
1 161gZnSO4 1molZnSO4 1molBaSO4
47.0gBaSO4

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 Name

7. When sodium metal is added to water the resulting gas, Hydrogen can often explode.
How many Liters of hydrogen gas is produced when 41.2-g of sodium is dropped into
water. Again, you must balance the equation in order to solve the problem.

2Na + 2HOH 2NaOH + H2

41.2g L?
41.2gNa 1molNa 1molH 2 22.4LH 2
x x x
1 23gNa 2molNa 1molH 2
20.1LH 2
8. Propane is a gas used often for backyard grills. How many Liters of CO2 is produced
when 54.9-L of propane (C3H8) is burned according to the following equation. Again, you
must balance the equation in order to solve the problem.

C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

54.9L L?
54.9LC3 H 8 3LCO2
x 165LCO2
1 1molC3 H 8

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 Name

Stoichiometry WS B Name
Period

1. How many moles of Carbon dioxide is formed when 44-mol of CH4 is burned?
CH 4 2O2 CO2 2 H 2O
44mol ?mol
+4
44molCH 4 1molCO2
x 44molCO2
1 1molCH 4

2. How many moles of calcium phosphate is formed when 32.5-mols of calcium nitrate
reacts with sodium phosphate?
3Ca(NO3 )2 2Na3 PO4 Ca3 ( PO4 )2 6NaNO3
32.5mol?mol
32.5molCa( NO3 )2 1molCa3 (PO 4 ) 2
x 10.8molCa3 (PO4 )2
1 3molCa( NO3 )2

3. 43.5-grams of barium sulfate is formed from the reaction of barium nitrate and sodium
sulfate. How many moles of sodium sulfate reacted?
Ba( NO3 )2 Na2 SO4 BaSO 4 2NaNO3
?mol43.5g
43.5gBaSO 4 1molBaSO4 1molNa2 SO4
x x 0.187molNa2 SO4
1 233gBaSO 4 1molBaSO4

4. 32.3-L of O2 is formed when KClO3 is decomposed. How many moles of KClO3

reacted initially?
2KClO3 2KCl 3O2
?mol32.3L
32.3LO 2 1molO2 2molKClO3
x x 0.961molKClO3
1 22.4LO2 3molO2

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 Name

5. 2.5-mol of water is made from its elements. How many particles of hydrogen reacted?
2H 2 O2 2H 2O
?part2.5mol
2.5molH 2O 2molH 2 6.02x10 23 particlesH 2
x x
1 2molH 2O 1molH 2
1.5x10 24 particlesH 2

6. 22.8-g of NaOH is reacted with hydrochloric acid. How many grams of water is
formed?
NaOH HCl HOH NaCl
22.8g?g
22.8gNaOH 1molNaOH 1molHOH 18gHOH
x x x
1 40gNaOH 1molNaOH 1molHOH
10.3gHOH

7. 32.5-grams of iron III chloride reacts with silver nitrate. How many grams of silver
chloride
are formed?
FeCl3 3AgNO3 3AgCl Fe(NO3 ) 3
32.5g?g
32.5gFeCl3 1molFeCl3 3molAgCl 143.5gAgCl
x x x
1 162.5gFeCl3 1molFeCl3 1molAgCl
86.1gAgCl

8. 34.5-grams
of Lithium reacts with Chromium III chloride. How many grams of lithium
chloride is formed?
3Li CrCl3 3LiCl Cr
34.5g?g
34.5gLi 1molLi 3molLiCl 42.5gLiCl
x x x 209 gLiCl
1 7gLi 3molLi 1molLiCl

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 Name

9. 43.5-grams of copper II sulfate is reacted with barium nitrate. How many grams of
precipitate are formed?
CuSO4 Ba( NO3 ) 2 BaSO4 ( s ) Cu ( NO3 ) 2 ( aq )
43.5 g g?
43.5gCuSO4 1molCuSO4 1molBaSO4 233 gBaSO4
x x x
1 159.5 gCuSO4 1molCuSO4 1molBaSO4
63.5 gBaSO4

10 How many liters of hydrogen gas is formed when 13.5-grams of calcium reacts with
sulfuric acid?
Ca H 2 SO4 CaSO4 H 2
13.5g?L
13.5gCa 1molCa 1molH 2 22.4LH 2
x x x
1 40gCa 1molCa 1molH 2
7.6LH 2

11. 45.6-L of H2 is formed when zinc is reacted with nitric acid. How many grams of zinc
reacted?

Zn 2 HNO3 Zn( NO3 ) 2 H 2
?g 45.6L
45.6LH 2 1molH 2 1molZn 65 gZn
x x x
1 22.4 LH 2 1molH 2 1molZn
132 gZn

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 Name

12. 14.5-g of cesium explosively reacts with water to form hydrogen and cesium
hydroxide. How many molecules of hydrogen were formed?

2Cs 2 H 2O 2CsOH H 2
14.5 g ?molec
14.5gCs 1molCs 1molH 2 6.02 x10 23 molecH 2
x x x
1 133 gCs 2molCs 1molH 2
3.28 x10 22 molecH 2
13. Calculate the mass of silver needed to react with chlorine to produce 84 g of silver
chloride.
2Ag + Cl2 2AgCl
? 84g

2Ag Cl2 2AgCl

84gAgCl 1molAgCl 2molAg 108gAg
x x x 63.2gAg
1 143.5gAgCl 2molAgCl 1molAg

14. A volume of 7.5 L of hydrogen gas was produced from the single replacement reaction
of zinc and nitric acid (HNO3). Calculate the mass of zinc needed for this reaction.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
g? 7.5L
7.5 LH 2 1molH 2 1molZn 65 gZn
x x x
1 22.4 LH 2 1molH 2 1molZn
21.8 gZn

15. How many molecules of chlorine are needed to react with 5.6 g of iron to form iron III
chloride?
3Cl2 + 2Fe 2FeCl3
Molec? 5.6g
5.6gFe 1molFe 3molCl2 6.02x10 23 molecCl2
x x x
1 56gFe 2molFe 1molCl2
9.03x10 22 molecCl2

16. What mass of ammonia, NH3, is necessary to react with 2.1 x 1024 molecules of oxygen
when ammonia (NH3) reacts with oxygen to form water and nitrogen dioxide?
4NH3 + 7O2 4NO2 + 6H2O
24
g? 2.1 x 10 molec
24
2.1x10 molecO2 1molO2 4molNH 3 17gNH 3
x 23
x x
1 6.02x10 molecO2 7molO2 1molNH 3
33.9gNH 3

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 Name

17. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced when 250 g of pentane, C5H12, burn.
Assume the carbon dioxide is cooled to STP.
C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
250g ?L
250gC5 H12 1molC5 H12 5molCO2 22.4LCO2
x x x
1 72gC5 H12 1molC 5 H12 1molCO2
389LCO2

18. Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen to form dinitrogen trioxide. How many molecules of
oxygen are needed to make 5.5 L of N2O3 at STP?
2N2 + 3O2 2N2O3
molec? 5.5L
23
5.5 LN 2O3 1molN 2O3 3molO2 6.02 x10 molecO2
x x x
1 22.4 LN 2O3 2molN 2O3 1molO2
2.2 x10 23 moleculesO2

19. Silver Nitrate reacts with sodium chloride to make the silver chloride and sodium
nitrate. When 2.53 grams of silver nitrate is reacted. How many grams of silver chloride
are formed?
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
2.53g ?g
2.53gAgNO3 1molAgNO3 1molAgCl 143.5gAgCl
x x x
1 170gAgNO3 1molAgNO3 1molAgCl
2.14gAgCl

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 Name

20. Methane (CH4) is burned in air. When 50.6 L of methane is burned how many grams
of carbon dioxide will be formed?
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
50.6L ?g
50.6LCH 4 1molCH 4 1molCO2 44gCO2
x x x
1 22.4LCH 4 1molCH 4 1molCO2
99.4gCO2
21. Calcium Carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and a common gas. When 45.5
grams of calcium oxide is formed how many liters of gas is also formed from this reaction.
CaCO3 CaO + CO2

45.5g ?L

45.5gCaO 1molCaO 1molCO2 22.4LCO2

x x x
1 56gCaO 1molCaO 1molCO2
18.2LCO2
22. When 3.25 g of copper II nitrate reacts with ammonium hydroxide. How many grams
of the precipitate will form.
Cu(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2NH4NO3 (aq)

3.25g ?g=ppt
3.25gCu(NO3 ) 2 1molCu(NO3 ) 2 1molCu(OH) 2 97.5gCu(OH) 2
x x x
1 187.5gCu(NO3 ) 2 1molCu(NO3 ) 2 1molCu(OH) 2 +88
1.69gCu(OH) 2

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 Name

Limiting Reactant Worksheet

Do all work on a separate sheet of paper and
BOX ALL ANSWERS!!

1. When 114.0 g of iron and 292.7 g of chlorine gas reacts, iron(III) chloride is formed.
a. Write a balanced equation
b. What is the limiting reactant?
c. How many grams of Iron (III) chloride is formed
a. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of the experiment?
2 Fe 3Cl2 2 FeCl3
114g292.7g?g
114gF e 1m olFe 2 m ol
x x
1 56 gFe 2 m

292.7gCl 2 1m olCl 2 2
x x
1 71gCl 2
F eis theLRbecaus eity
114gF e 1m olFe 3m ol
x x
1 56 gFe 2m o
292.7 217 g 75.9 gCl2

2. 20 L of oxygen react with 1.0L of methyl alcohol, CH3OH

a. Write a balanced equation
b. What is the limiting reactant?
c How many liters of water will be formed at STP?
d. How much excess reagent will be left over?
2CH 3OH 3O2 2CO2 4H2 O
1.0L20L?L
1.0LCH3 OH 4LH 2 O
x 2LH2 O
1 2LCH3 OH
20LO2 4LH2 O
x 27LH 2 O
1 3LO2
CH3OHistheLRbecauseityieldedthesmallestanswer
1.0LCH3 OH 3LO2
x 1.5LO2
1 2LCH3 OH
20L 1.5L 18.5LO2 Left

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 Name

3. 25 g of hydrazine, N2H4(l) and 66 g of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 (l) react

exothermically to produce nitrogen gas and water.
a. Write a balanced equation
b. What is the limiting reactant?
c. How many grams of nitrogen are produced?
d. How much excess reagent is left over?
N2 H4 2H2 O2 N2 4 H 2 O
25g66gg?
25gN2 H 4 1molN2 H4 1molN 2 28gN2
x x x 22gN 2
1 32 gN2 H4 1molN2 H 4 1molN 2
66gH2 O2 1molH 2 O2 1molN2 28gN2
x x x 27gN2
1 34 gH 2O2 2 molH2 O2 1molN2
N2 H4 istheLRbecauseityieldedthesmallestanswer
25gN2 H 4 1molN2 H4 2molH2 O2 34gH2 O2
x x x 53gH2 O2
1 32 gN2 H4 1molN2 H 4 1molH2 O2
66 g 53g 13gH2 O2 leftover

4. 22.5 grams of lithium reacts with a 33.5 grams of aqueous aluminum sulfate according
to a single replacement reaction.
a. Write a balanced equation.
b. What is the limiting reactant?
c. How many grams of lithium sulfate will be formed?
d. How much excess reagent will remain?
6 Li Al2 (SO4 )3 3Li2 SO4 2 Al
22.5g33.5g?
22.5gLi 1molLi 3molLi2 SO4 110gLi2 SO4
x x x 177gLi2 SO4
1 7g 6molLi 1molLi2 SO4
33.5gAl2 ( SO4 ) 3 1molAl 2 ( SO4 )3 3molLi2 SO4 110gLi2 SO4
x x x 32gLi2 SO4
1 342gAl 2 (SO4 )3 1molAl2 (SO4 )3 1molLi2 SO4
Al2 ( SO4 ) 3 istheLRsinceityieldsthesmallervalue
33.5gAl2 ( SO4 ) 3 1molAl 2 ( SO4 )3 6molLi 7gLi
x x x 4.1gLi
1 342gAl 2 (SO4 )3 1molAl2 (SO4 )3 1molLi
22 g 4.1g 18gLiLeftover

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 Name

5. 33.6 grams of sulfur dioxide reacts with 55.3 grams of water to form sulfurous acid.
a. Write a balanced equation.
b. What is the limiting reactant?
c. How many grams of sulfurous acid will be formed?
d. How much excess reagent will remain?
SO2 H 2 O H 2 SO3
33.6g55.3gg?
33.6gSO2 1molSO2 1molH2 SO3 82 gH 2 SO3
x x x 43gH 2 SO3
1 64gSO2 1molSO2 1molH 2 SO3
55.3gH 2 O 1molH2 O 1molH 2 SO3 82gH 2 SO3
x x x 252 gH2 SO3
1 18gH 2O 1molH 2 O 1molH2 SO3
SO2 istheLRsinceityieldsthesmallervalue
33.6gSO2 1molSO2 1molH2 O 18gH 2 O
x x x 9.5gH2 O
1 64gSO2 1molSO2 1molH 2 O
55.3g 9.5g 45.8gH2 OLeftover

6. 77 g of potassium iodide react with 32 g of Lead II nitrate reacts to form a yellow

precipitate.
a. Write a balanced equation and identify the precipitate
b. What is the limiting reactant?
c. How many grams of the precipitate will be formed?
d. How much excess reagent will remain?
2KI Pb(NO3 ) 2 PbI2 2KNO3
77g32gg?
77gKI 1molKI 1molPbI2 461gPbI2
x x x 107gPbI2
1 166gKI 2molKI 1molPbI2
32gPb(NO3 )2 1molPb(NO3 )2 1molPbI 2 461gPbI2
x x x 45gPbI2
1 331gPb(NO3 )2 1molPb(NO3 ) 2 1molPbI 2
Pb(NO3 ) 2 istheLRsinceityieldsthesmallervalue
32gPb(NO3 )2 1molPb(NO3 )2 2molKI 166gKI
x x x 32gKI
1 331gPb(NO3 )2 1molPb(NO3 ) 2 1molKI
77g 32g 45gKILeftover

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 Name

*7. In the following equation:

NH3 + O2 ---> H2O + NO2,
a. Balance the equation
b. What is the limiting reactant?
c. If you react 22 L of NH3 with 95 L of air (Which is 20% oxygen), how
many liters of NO2, will be produced?
d. How much excess reagent will remain?
4NH 3 7O2 6H 2O 4NO2
22L19LL?
Igot19Lofairbymulitplying95Lofairby20%

22LNH 3 4LNO2
x 22LNO2
1 4LNH 3
19LO2 4LNO2
x 11LNO2
1 7LO2
O2 istheLRsinceityieldsthesmallervalue
19LO2 4LNH 3
x 11LNH 3
1 7LO2
22L 11L 11LNH 3 Leftover

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 Name

WS D: Percent Yield Worksheet

1. 15.5-g of NH4Cl reacts with an excess of AgNO3. In the reaction 35.5-g AgCl is
produced. NH4NO3 is the other product. What is the percent yield?
NH4Cl + AgNO3 AgCl + NH4NO3
15.5g 35.5g
15.5gNH 4 Cl 1molNH 4 Cl 1molAgCl 143.5gAgCl
x x x
1 53.5gNH 4 Cl 1molNH 4 Cl 1molAgCl
41.57gAgCl
35.5g
% x100 85.3%
41.57g

2. Potassium Chlorate decomposes according to the following reaction.

2KClO3 2KCl +3 O2
In an experiment 32.5-g of KClO3 is decomposed and 15.2-g of KCl is formed.

What is the percent yield?
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
32.5g 15.2g
32.5gKClO3 1molKClO3 2molKCl 74.5gKCl
x x x
1 122.5gKClO3 2molKClO3 1molKCl
19.7gKCl
15.2g
% x100 76.9%
19.7g

3. Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to make ammonia (NH3). 15.5-L of N2 reacts at
STP to make 30-L of ammonia. What is the percent yield?

N2 + 3H2 2NH3
15.5L 30L
15.5LN 2 2LNH 3
x 31LNH 3
1 2LN 2
30L
% x100 97%
31L

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 Name

4. The Haber and Caude processes are methods by which ammonia (NH3) is synthesized
from its elements (H2 and N2) What is the percent yield if 5.0-kg of ammonia (in
Kilograms) is to be expected when 4000.0 L of nitrogen are used in these procedures?
N 2 3H 2 2NH 3
4000L5000g
4000LN 2 1molN 2 2molNH 3 17gNH 3 1kgNH 3
x x x x 6.071kgNH 3
1 22.4 LN 2 1molN 2 1molNH 3 1000gNH 3
5.0kg
% x100 82.3%
6.07kg

5. What is the percent yield of oxygen gas if 54L of O2 can be obtained from the thermal
decomposition of 500.0 g of potassium chlorate?
2KClO3 2KCl 3O2
500.0g54L
500gKClO3 1molKClO3 3molO2 22.4LO2
x x x 137LO2
1 122.5gKClO3 2molKClO3 1molO2
54L
% x100 39.4%
137L

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 Name

6. It is desired to prepare 100.0g of silicon tetrafluoride by adding hydrogen fluoride to

silicon dioxide. The percent yield of this process is 75%. Ho much HF do you need to
react?
4 HF SiO2 SiF4 2 H 2 O
?L 100.0g(75%)
100g x
:: x 133 gSiF4
75% 100%
133 gSiF4 1molSiF4 4molHF 22.4 LHF
x x x 114 .6 LHF
1 104 gSiF4 1molSiF4 1molHF

7. When black gunpowder explodes, potassium nitrate, carbon, and sulfur react with each
other to form nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and potassium sulfide. If the original mixture
contains 50.0 g of potassium nitrate, if the total volume of the gases is 20L, what is the
percent yield for this process?
2 KNO3 3C S N 2 3CO2 K 2 S
50g total vol of gases which are N 2 andCO2
50 gKNO3 1molKNO3 4mo lg ases 22.4 Lgases
x x x 22.2 Lgases
1 101gKNO3 2molKNO3 1mo lg ases
20 L
% x100 90.0%
22.2 L

8. Very hot zinc will react with steam to form zinc oxide and hydrogen. 5.4L of H2 was
used to use up 20.0 g of zinc completely? What is the percent yield of this process?
Zn H 2O ZnO H 2
20g?L
20gZn 1molZn 1molH 2 22.4 Lgases
x x x 6.9LH 2
1 65gZn 1molZn 1molH 2
5.4L
x100 78.3%
6.9L

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 Name

WS E Molar Mass Worksheet KEY Name _________________

1. 2.35g of metal with a charge of +2 reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce 0.598
L of gas at STP. What metal do you have?
M 2 HCl H 2 MCl2
2.35 g............0.598L
grams 2.35 g
MM
mol mol ?
0.598 LMH 2 1molH 2 1molM
x x 0.0267 molM
1 22.4 LH 2 1molH 2
grams 2.35 g
MM 88 g / mol
mol 0.0266mol
Strontium
2. (NH4)3PO4 reacts with 0.0345 g of metal sulfate (M2(SO4)3) to produce 0.0399 g of
(NH4)2SO4. Balance the equation. What is the molar mass of the metal? What is
the metal?
__M2(SO4)3 + 2(NH4)3PO4 3(NH4)2SO4 + 2MPO4
0.0345g 0.0456g

g 0.0345 g
MM :: FindMoles
mol mol
0.0399 g ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 1mol ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 1molM 2 ( SO4 )3
x x 1.00757 x10 4 molM 2 ( SO4 )3
1 132 g ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4 4 3mol ( NH 4 ) 2 SO4
g 0.0345 g 0.0345 gM 2 ( SO4 )3
MM 342 g / mol M 2 ( SO4 )3
mol mol 1.00757 x10 4 molM 2 ( SO4 )3
2 M (32 x3 16 x12) 342
M 27 g / mol Alu min um ::: mustHave 3Ch arg e( HasToBeAMe tal )

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 Name

3. 3.45g of a metal hydroxide with charge + 1 reacts with excess Iron III Chloride to
make 0.82g of Iron III hydroxide. What is the identity of the metal hydroxide?

3MOH FeCl 3 Fe(OH ) 3 3MCl

3.45 g ......................0.82 g
grams 3.45 g
MM
mol mol ?
0.82 gMOH 1molFe (OH ) 3 2 3molMOH
x x 0.0230molMOH
1 107 gFe(OH ) 3 1molFe(OH ) 3
grams 3.45 g
MM 150 g / mol
mol 0.0230mol
MOH 36 g / mol
M 17 150
MM 133 Cs
4. 30.2L of oxygen is produced at STP when 135.9 g of metal chlorate of charge +3
decomposes into oxygen and the metal chloride. What is the identity of the metal
chlorate?

2 M (ClO3 ) 3 2 MCl 9O2
135.9 g 30.2L
30.2O2 1molO2 2molM (ClO3 ) 3
x x 0.299molM (ClO3 ) 3
1 22.4 LO2 9molO2
grams 135.9 gM (ClO3 ) 3
MM 303 g / mol
mol 0.299molM (ClO3 ) 3
M (ClO3 ) 3 454 mol
g

M (35.5 x3 16 x9) 454

M 250 454
M 204 g / mol Tl

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 Name

Mixed Stoichiometry Worksheet KEY

1. How many grams of water are formed when 12.5-g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen?
2H2 + O2 2H2O
12.5g ?g
12.5gH 2 1molH 2 2molH 2O 18gH 2O
x x x
1 2gH 2 2molH 2 1molH 2O
112.5gH 2O

2. How many liters of carbon dioxide are formed when 12.3-g of sodium carbonate reacts
with 2.0-L of hydrogen chloride. The reaction is printed below:
Na2CO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
12.3g 2.0L L?
12.3gNa2CO3 1molNa2CO3 1molCO2 22.4LCO2
x x x
1 106Na2CO3 1molNa2CO3 1molCO2
2.60LCO2
2.0LHCl 1LCO2
x 1.0LCO2
1 2LHCl
1.0LCO2 : Answerbecauseitisthelowest

3. How many grams of precipitate are formed when 24.3-g of zinc nitratre reacts with
20.5-g of sodium phosphate?

3Zn(NO3)2 + 2Na3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + 6NaNO3

24.3g 20.5g ?g (ppt)
24.3gZn(NO3 ) 2 1molZn(NO3 ) 2 1molZn 3 (PO4 ) 2 385gZn 3 (PO4 ) 2
x x x
1 189gZn(NO3 ) 2 3molZn(NO3 ) 2 1molZn 3 (PO4 ) 2
16.5gZn 3 (PO4 ) 2 :: Thisistheanswerb/citislowest
20.5gNa3 PO4 1molNa3 PO4 2molNa3 PO4 385gZn 3 (PO4 ) 2
x x x
1 164gNa3 PO4 3molZn(NO3 ) 2 1molZn 3 (PO4 ) 2
32.1gZn 3 (PO4 ) 2

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 Name

4. How many liters of oxygen are produced when 3.25-g of KClO3 decomposes into KCl
and O2?
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
3.25g L?
3.25gKClO3 1molKClO3 3molO2 22.4LO2
x x x
1 122.5gKClO3 2molKClO3 1molO2
0.89LO2

5. When 2.25-g of sodium chloride reacts with excess silver nitrate, 3.45-g of precipitate is
formed. What is the percent yield?
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
2.25g 3.45g
2.25gNacl 1molNaCl 1molAgCl 143.5gAgCl
x x x
1 58.5gNaCl 1molNaCl 1molAgCl
5.51gAgCl
Actual 3.45g
&Yield x100 63%
Theoretical 5.51g

6. 4.35-g of C5H12 reacts with 4.0-L of O2.

a. How many liters of CO2 are formed?
b. How much excess reactant remains?
C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
4.35g 4.0L L?
4.35gC5 H12 1molC5 H12 5molCO2 22.4LCO2
x x x
1 72gC5 H12 1molC 5 H12 1molCO2
6.76LCO2
4.0LO2 1molO2 5molCO2 22.4LCO2
x x x
1 22.4LO2 8molO2 1molCO2
2.5LCO2 Answerduetobeinglower
4.0LO2 1molO2 1molC5 H12 72gC5 H12
x x x
1 22.4LO2 8molO2 1molC 5 H12
1.61gC5 H12 usedup
4.35g 1.61g 2.74gC 5 H12 leftOver

7. 3.0-g of zinc reacts with silver nitrate to form how many grams of zinc nitrate?
Zn + 2AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
3.0g ?grams?

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3.0gZn 1molZn 1molZn(NO3 ) 2 189gZn(NO3 ) 2

x x x
1 65gZn 1molZn 1molZn(NO3 ) 2
8.72gZn(NO3 ) 2

8. 8.2-mol of barium carbonate decomposes into how many moles of barium oxide. The
other product is carbon dioxide.
BaCO3 BaO + CO2
8.2mol ?mol
8.2molBaCO3 1molBaO
x 8.2molBaO
1 1molBaCO3
9. 4.5-g of sodium hydroxide reacts with 2.0-g of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). How many grams
of water are formed?
2NaOH + H2SO4 2HOH + Na2SO4
4.5g 2.0g G?
4.5gNaOH 1molNaOH 2molHOH 18gHOH
x x x
1 40gNaOH 2molNaOH 1molHOH
2.0gHOH
2.0gH 2 SO4 1molH 2 SO4 2molHOH 18gHOH
x x
1 98gH 2 SO4 1molH 2 SO4 1molHOH
0.73gHOHthisisthecorrectanswer : Itislower

10. 8.0-L of butane (C4H10) reacts with oxygen to make 50-g of carbon dioxide. What is
the percent yield?
2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O
8.0L 50g
8.0LC4 H10 1molC4 H10 8molCO2 44 gCO2
x x x
1 22.4 LC4 H10 2molC4 H10 1molCO2
62.8gCO2 : Theoretical
Actual 50.0
%Yield 79.5%
Theoretical 62.8

11. 8.5-L of hydrogen reacts with 5.4-L of nitrogen to make

a. how many liters of ammonia (NH3)?
b. How many liters of excess reactant remains?
3H2 + 1N2 2NH3
8.5L 5.4L ?L

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8.5 LH 2 2 LNH 3
x 5.7 LNH 3 : Answer lower
1 3molH 2
5.4 LN 2 2 LNH 3
x 10.8 LNH 3
1 1LN 2
8.5 LH 2 1LN 2
x 2.83LN 2UsedUp
1 3LH 2
5.4 2.8 2.6 L left over

12. ** 2.25-g of aluminum sulfate reacts with 3.25-g of sodium phosphate to make 1.0-g
of precipitate. What is the percent yield?
Al2(SO4)3 + 2Na3PO4 2AlPO4 + 3Na2SO4
2.25g 3.25g 1.0g

This is both a limiting reactant problem and a percent yield problem

2.25gAl2 (SO4 ) 3 1molAl2 (SO4 ) 3 2molAlPO4 122gAlPO4
x x x
1 339gAl2 (SO4 ) 3 1molAl2 (SO4 ) 3 1molAlPO4
1.62gAlPO4 :: thisisthetheoreticalamountduetobeingsmaller
3.25gNa3 PO4 1molNa3 PO4 2molAlPO4 122gAlPO4
x x x
1 164gNa3 PO4 2molAlPO4 1molAlPO4
2.41gAlPO4
Actual 1.0
%Yield x100 61.7%
Theoretical 1.62

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Chapter 10 Review
EHS Chemistry

1. 23.5-g of KClO3 decomposes in the following way:

KClO3 KCl + O2
How many grams of O2 was forms? (Make sure to balance the equation)

2. In the reaction:
Na2CO3 + H3PO4 Na3PO4 + H2O + CO2
How many grams of Na2CO3 react with the H3PO4 to produce 100L of CO2 at STP?

3. Mercury (II) oxide decomposes to form liquid mercury and oxygen gas. If 5.4 g of
mercury (II) oxide decomposes, how many grams of mercury is formed? (Hint: You must
start with a correctly balanced chemical reaction)

4. 2.5-g of C4H10 reacts with 0.59-L of O2 at STP to form CO2 and H2O.
a. Write the balanced equation.
b. How many grams of H2O will be formed?
c. How much excess reactant remains?

5. 2.30-g of Barium chloride reacts with 5.45-g of sodium carbonate in a double

displacement reaction. How many grams of precipitate will form? (Hint: These are the
calculations for the lab that you did). Make sure to use the table of solubilites to determine
which substance is the solid precipitate.

6. 32.5-g of Hg(NO3)2 reacts with NH4Cl to make HgCl2 and NH4NO3. When the
chemicals were mixed it was discovered that 20.0-g of HgCl2 was formed. What is the
percent yield?

7. BONUS: 2.52x1025 atoms of sodium react with 325-L of phosphoric acid gas (H3PO4)
at STP. 302.5-L of a gas is given off. What is the percent yield of the reaction?

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Chapter 10 Review KEY

EHS Chemistry

1. 23.5-g of KClO3 decomposes in the following way:

KClO3 KCl + O2
How many grams of O2 was forms? (Make sure to balance the equation)

2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

23.5g G?
23.5gKClO3 1molKClO3 3molO2 32gO2
x x x
1 122.5gKClO3 2molKClO3 1molO2
9.2gO2

2. In the reaction:
Na2CO3 + H3PO4 Na3PO4 + H2O + CO2
How many grams of Na2CO3 react with the H3PO4 to produce 100L of CO2 at STP?
3Na2CO3 + 2H3PO4 2Na3PO4 + 3HOH + 3CO2
?g 100L
100LCO2 1molCO2 3molNa2CO3 106gNa2CO3
x x x
1 22.4LCO2 3molCO2 1molNa2CO3
473gNa2CO3

3. Mercury (II) oxide decomposes to form liquid mercury and oxygen gas. If 5.4 g of
mercury (II) oxide decomposes, how many grams of mercury is formed? (Hint: You must
start with a correctly balanced chemical reaction)

2HgO 2Hg + O2
5.4g ?g
5.4gHgO 1molHgO 2molHg 201gHg
x x x
1 217gHgO 2molHgO 1molHg
5.0gHg

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4. 2.5-g of C4H10 reacts with 0.59-L of O2 at STP to form CO2 and H2O.
a. Write the balanced equation.
b. How many grams of H2O will be formed?
c. How much excess reactant remains?
2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O
2.5g 0.59L ?g
2.5gC4 H10 1molC4 H10 10molH 2O 18gH 2O
x x x
1 58gC4 H10 2molC4 H10 1molH 2O
3.88gH 2O
0.59LO2 1molO2 10molH 2O 18gH 2O
x x x
1 22.4LO2 13molO2 1molH 2O
0.364gH 2O : LowestAnswer correct

0.59LO2 1molO2 2molC4 H10 58gC4 H10

x x x 0.24gC4 H10
1 22.4LO2 13molO2 1molC4 H10
2.5 0.24 2.26gC4 H10 LeftOver

5. 2.30-g of Barium chloride reacts with 5.45-g of sodium carbonate in a double

displacement reaction. How many grams of precipitate will form? (Hint: These are the
calculations for the lab that you did). Make sure to use the table of solubilites to determine
which substance is the solid precipitate.
BaCl2 + Na2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NaCl
2.30g 5.45g ?g:ppt
2.30gBaCl2 1molBaCl2 1molBaCO3 197gBaCO3
x x x
1 208gBaCl2 1molBaCl2 1molBaCO3
2.18gBaCO3 ::: Correct Lowest
5.45gNa2CO3 1molNa2CO3 1molBaCO3 197gBaCO3
x x x
1 106gNa2CO3 1molNa2CO3 1molBaCO3
10.1gBaCO3

6. 32.5-g of Hg(NO3)2 reacts with NH4Cl to make HgCl2 and NH4NO3. When the
chemicals were mixed it was discovered that 20.0-g of HgCl2 was formed. What is the
percent yield?

Hg(NO3) + 2NH4C HgCl + 2NH4NO

2 l 2 3
32.5g 20.0g
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32.5gHg(NO3 ) 2 1molHg(NO3 ) 2 1molHgCl2 272gHgCl2

x x x
1 325gHg(NO3 ) 2 1molHg(NO3 ) 2 1molHgCl2
27.2gHgCl2 Theoretical
Actual 20.0g
%Yield x100 73.5%
Theoretical 27.2g

7. BONUS: 2.52x1025 atoms of sodium react with 325-L of phosphoric acid gas (H3PO4)

at STP. 302.5-L of a gas is given off. What is the percent yield of the reaction?
6Na + 2H3PO4 2Na3PO4 + 3H2
2.52E25 325L 302.5L
2.52x10 25 atomsNa 1molNa 3molH 2 22.4LH 2
x 23
x x
1 6.02x10 atomsNa 6molNa 1molH 2
468.5LH 2
325LH 3 PO4 3LH 2
x 487.5LH 2 :: LRduetolowest = theo
1 2LH 3 PO4
actual 302.5L
%Yield = x100 64.5%
theoretcial 468.5L

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