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Transformer

Transformer rated output = 20/25 MVA


Power factor = 0.8 lag
Transformer HV Voltage = 66 kV
Transformer LV Voltage = 11kV

Capacitance values
1) Transformer capacitance to = 0.0029 f / Ph. As supplied by Transformer Mfg.
ground per phase
2) Surge capacitor = 0.25 f as per engg practice
3) Cable Capacitance (From = 0.8 f per km / Ph.
Transformer to VCB) 0.8x4x0.06 f for about 60 mtrs. == 0.192f

Total capacitance/phase = 0.0029+0.25+.0192 = 0.4449 f

Design of grounding transformer

Total Capacitive Reactance I


= = Xc
2fc
I
=
2xx50x0.4449x10-6
Xc = 1397
The capacitive current per phase - Ic
Ic 415
=
415 415
0.0.172A
= =
3 x Xc 1.732 x 1397 24919.6

The capacitive zero sequence current = 3 x Ic = ICN


= 3 x 0.172
= 0.516 A

In order to avoid ferro-reconance over, the resistivity component of the current should be equal to or
greater than capacitive fault current during generator fault conditions.
Hence IRN = 3 x IC = 0.516 A
Total current through neutral will be
IN = IRN + j ICN
= 0.516 + j 0.357
= 0.505 A
The primary voltage rating of the grounding transformer is

VNGTH = KT x KV x E

KT = The factor by which generator voltage will rise due = 1.6


to transient during single phase fault
KV = Generator over voltage due to AVR operation cond. = 1.05
E = Generator per phase voltage = 415
3
VNGTH = 1.6 x 1.05 x 415
= 402 V
3
The rated secondary voltage of NGT is selected as 110 V.

The transformer capacity = VNGTH x IN


= 0.415 x 0.505 = 0.822 kVA Say 850VA
Selected 1000VA

Hence, short time rating of the neutral grounding transformer shall be 1000 VA. In general
practice, the short time rating of the transformer shall be for 10 sec., as any fault could be
cleared much earlier to 10 sec. overload of 4 times the normal rating can be applied in this
case. Therefore, the continuous rating of the transformer shall be 1000/4 = 250VA. 415V/110V

Design of Loading Resistance


The equivalent resistance value of primary side of NGT is equal to the impedance of total zero
sequence capacitance at frequency
RL XC 1397
= = = 465.66 ohms
3 3

Secondary side loading resistance

12.93
2
RL = 465.67x 11000
=
66000
The fault current on LV side of the transformer through loading resistance shall be

0.505x 415
IS = = 1.90 A
110
Power dissipation capacity of loading resistance shall be

= IS x RL
= (1.90) x 47.20 = 170 watts
Short time rating of the resistant shall be 2 A for 10 sec. Say 250 W for 10 Secs.

Summary Data
1. NGT : 415 V , 250 VA cont.
110 V
Short time rating 1 kVA for 10 sec.

2. Loading resistance : 47.2 , 2 A for 10 sec., 250W

Prepared by PB Verified by RLT

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