1

1. The Maastricht Treaty, which laid down 5. In Britain, the authorities ----
the rules for euro membership, says that considerable restrictions on the
governments may not have budget ---- of advertising agencies ---- customers'
more than 3% of their GDP.. rights..

A) deficits A) have already imposed / to support

B) restrictions B) have already imposed / to have supported

C) rates C) is already imposing / supported

D) allocations D) will already impose / having supported

E) assets E) already imposed / supporting

2. The theory is interesting enough, but is

it ----? .

A) solvable

B) expressive

C) intensive

D) coherent

E) resistant

3. The amount of fish caught did not ---- the

massive increase in vessel tonnage and
fishing effort..

A) pull through

B) make do with

C) keep pace with

D) come across

E) break out of

4. The price of crude oil ---- by 40% this

year due to the continuing risk of
disruption in the Middle East, which ----
for one-third of global production..

A) surges / accounted

B) had surged / has accounted

C) has surged / accounts

D) surged / had accounted

E) will surge / could have accounted

6. If humans ---- one of our ancient
ancestors, we ---- much more about how
people once went about their lives than
any study of dusty bones and artifacts
would reveal..

A) had reanimated / may have learnt

B) have reanimated / learn

C) reanimated / were learning

D) could reanimate / could learn

E) are to reanimate / have learnt

7. One of the great advances ---- astronomy

---- the past decade has been the
discovery of planets outside our solar
system. .

A) of / over

B) through /at

C) in / to

D) for / by

E) with / for

8. ---- little respect the British people may

feel for the monarchy, they are still not
likely to change to a republic. .

A) As far as

B) Whatever

C) Such a

D) However

E) Just as
9. A chemistry journal plans to publish this
hotly disputed article ---- an addendum
that questions some of its conclusions..

A) over against

B) along with

C) from under

D) up against

E) out of

10. ---- broke the window will have to pay for

a new one..

A) Who

B) Whoever

C) Anyone

D) Someone

E) The one
11. ---- an organization depends on
collaborative arrangements, ---- likely it
is to lose control over decisions..

A) Not only / but also

B) Neither / nor

C) Either / or

D) When / then

E) The more / the more

12. His latest novel is about people who take

their work seriously, ---- thats being a
mother, a nurse or a soldier. .

A) even so

B) as if

C) unless

D) besides

E) whether

13. Unemployment is the condition of one -

--- is capable of working, actively
seeking work, but unable to find any
work..

A) whom

B) when

C) who

D) where

E) whose
 The portrait, as it is known today, was born in
18. V.
the Renaissance.In fact, portraits (I) ---- before
the Renaissance, of course: (II) ---- thinkof the
Pharaohs with their colossal statues, or the A) many
busts of the Roman emperors,(III) ---- those B) anything
figures seemed very (IV) ---- .Renaissance
artists, bycontrast, sought to create not just a C) something
likeness of their subjects, but also (V)---- of their
D) any
spirit.
E) few

14. I.

A) exist

B) would exist

C) have existed

D) would have existed

E) had existed

15. II.

A) Just

B) Already

C) Always

D) Usually

E) Previously

16. III.

A) whenever

B) when

C) but

D) while

E) so far as

17. IV.

A) principal

B) prospective

C) enthusiastic

D) recent

E) remote
19. American interest in the African
economy has recently intensified ----.

A) that many American companies had

invested heavily in mining

B) even if the Bush administration fully

supports the American involvement in
Africa

C) as a series of articles published in The

New York Times last year gave the issue
new prominence

D) because most American multinationals

had recognized that Africa might
constitute a threat

E) before the United Nations began carrying

out a survey country by country

20. When we stop trying to fit people into

a common mold, ----..

A) it should be realized that people develop

differently

B) their natural talents as well as their

limitations became apparent

C) people who don\'t fit the mold are

regarded as stupid

D) we\'ll be able to produce brighter, more

effective citizens

E) this should be recognized by educators

and parents alike
21. The issue under debate today is
whether, for all its flaws, capitalism is
the best economic system man has yet
invented..

A) Bir sr aksaklklarna ramen,

kapitalizmin, insanolunun bugne kadar
ortaya koyduu en iyi iktisadi sistem olup
olmad tartlmaktadr.

B) Bugn tartlan konu, tm kusurlarna

ramen, kapitalizmin, insann imdiye
kadar icat ettii en iyi iktisadi sistem olup
olmaddr

C) Eksiklikleri de olsa, insanln bugn

ortaya koyduu en iyi iktisadi sistemin,
kapitalizm olup olmad hl
tartlmaktadr

D) nsann imdiye kadar yaratt en iyi

iktisadi sistem olan kapitalizmin kusurlar,
bugn tartma konusudur

E) nsanln bugne kadar yaratt en iyi

iktisadi sistem olmasna ramen,
kapitalizmin aksaklklar gnmzde
tartlmaktadr
22. On altnc yzyln ilk yarsnda Fransa
kral olan I. Franois, lkesini Avrupada
nde gelen bir g yapmay dlemi,
ancak Avusturya imparatoru V. Charles
tarafndan engellenmitir..

A) The French king Franois I, who had the

dream of making his country Europes
dominant power in the first half of the
sixteenth century, was opposed by the
Austrian emperor Charles V.

B) Franois I, the king of France in the first

half of the sixteenth century, dreamt of
making his country a leading power in
Europe but was prevented by Charles V,
emperor of Austria.

C) Charles V, the emperor of Austria, stood

up against Franois I, the king of France,
who dreamt of making his country a major
European power in the first half of the
sixteenth century.

D) Franois I, the king of France, had the

dream of turning his country into the chief
European power in the first half of the
sixteenth century although he was
opposed by Charles V, emperor of Austria.

E) The king of France in the first half of the

sixteenth century, Franois I, dreamt of
making his country one of the major
powers in Europe but was dissuaded by
the Austrian emperor Charles V.
 The book by physicist Lee Smolin, The Trouble
25. According to the passage, what makes
with Physics, is an all out attack on string theory Lee Smolin's book interesting to read -
in theoretical physics. String theory aims to ---..
unify the laws governing all physical forces by
combining quantum mechanics with general
A) is related to the theories a community of
relativity.It is not very intuitive as it posits the
likeminded physicists can develop
existence of 10 space time. Smolin points out
that, not once in its 30 years of existence, has B) lies in the examination of how string
string theory been validated by a test result. theory has been adopted and become
Although they acknowledge this weakness, the dominant
theory's advocates claim that it helps to clarify a
C) is its power in illustrating how science
number of concepts and, most important of all, writers can affect decisions on public
it holds the promise of a grand unification. funding an careers
Smolin's historical account is both brilliant and
lively. The most interesting feature of the book D) is that like-minded scholars can agree to
is his sociological analysis of the way in which approve public funding for alternative
string theory has taken root in academic circles approaches
and the mechanisms that allowed it to gain its E) is the historical account it provides for the
present almost total dominance. How can a development of string theory
community of likeminded scientists have
secured such a powerful position that it is now
able to determine the course of research, to
monopolize public funding and to decide
careers, to the point of abolishing all alternative
approaches? Indeed, his analysis is applicable to
many other fields and disciplines.

23. It is clear from the passage that the

book by Lee Smolin ----..

A) questions the value of string theory as

well as the extensive influence of
advocating scientists within the field

B) sets out to explain string theory in order

to show its superiority over alternative
theories in accounting for physical laws

C) opens a debate as to how string theory

can be validated by a test result

D) advocates the string theory as It helps to

clarify a number of concepts successfully

E) supports the attention string theory has

received in the academic circles who
decide the course of research, funding and
future careers

24. As it is pointed out in the passage, string

theory ----.

A) suffers from quite a number of

weaknesses as its advocates admit

B) has practical implications for both

theoretical physics and sociology

C) is a theory that is capable of finally

explaining 10 spacetime

D) still needs to be confirmed by test results

E) attempts to combine quantum mechanics

with theoretical physics
26. According to the passage, the writer is
of the opinion that ----..

A) examining physical issues from a historical

and sociological viewpoint is popular
among physicists

B) Lee Smolin went too far in discrediting

string theory, which is very popular among
physicists

C) the sociological analysis done for string

theory is also valid for disciplines other
than physics

D) it is the academic circles that decide

whether string theory should be tested or
not

E) the way string theory has been endorsed

in theoretical physics is unique to this
discipline
27. The arts in Italy have enjoyed a long and
glorious history, and Italians are very
proud of this. ----.Still, efforts are being
made throughout the country to put as
many art collections on show as
possible. The performing arts such as
opera and cinema are also underfunded,
yet there are spectacular cultural
festivals. .

A) A tradition of literary Italian was

established back in the 13th and 14th
centuries by Dante and Petrarch, who
wrote in a cultured Florentine dialect

B) In the land of Verdi and Rossini, opera is

naturally well supported

C) However, it does cost a lot to look after

them

D) It was the artists and scholars of 15th-

century Florence who inspired the
Renaissance in Europe

E) On the other hand, Rome, Florence and

Venice are naturally the main tourist
destinations

28. Director: Were being hit badly by the

recession.

Consultant: _____

Director: Well, what do you suggest?

Consultant: Boost the exports..

A) I know. And something must be done

about it quickly.

B) Stop worrying! Theres nothing we can do.

C) Yes, everyone is saying the same. Lets

reduce the work force.

D) They should raise the interest rates at

once.

E) I only hope there wont be another general

strike.

29. Its only now that she understands how

unhappy she was during her twenties..

A) Despite the fact that her twenties were

not a happy time for her, she now
understands how to be happy.

B) What makes her regretful is that, in her

twenties, she could not be happy at all.

C) Having been unhappy during her twenties,

she is now a very understanding person.

D) She was terribly unhappy during her

twenties, but she has only just realized it.

E) She now realizes that she must come to

terms with the unhappiness she faced in
her twenties.
30. (I) Beginning about age 5, the child
develops a sense of obligation to follow
rules. (II) Indeed, young children change
the rules frequently and arbitrarily. (III)
He treats them as absolute moral
imperatives handed down by some
powerful authority. (IV) For him, rules
are permanent, sacred and not subject
to modification. (V) Obeying them to the
letter is more important than any human
reason for changing them. .

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 A

2 D

3 C

4 C

5 A

6 D

7 A

8 D

9 B

10 B

11 E

12 E

13 C

14 E

15 A

16 C

17 E

18 C

19 C

20 D

21 B

22 B

23 A

24 D

25 B

26 C

27 C

28 A

29 D

30 B
2
1. His efforts to ---- the threat of global
warming with new forms of energy have
been much appreciated. .
A) excuse
6. If all of Earth's water, oceans, icecaps
and glaciers, lakes, rivers, groundwater,
and water in the atmosphere ---- into a
sphere, then the diameter of that water
ball ---- about 860 miles..

B) counter A) were put / would be

C) pursue B) has been put / will have been
D) uphold C) should put / will be
E) deliver D) is to put / might have been

E) would be put / might be

2. In some parts of Western Europe, ---- in
France, Denmark and Sweden,
cohabitation has become almost as 7. Monopolies are characterized ---- a lack
common as marriage. . of economic competition ---- the good or
service that they provide and a lack of
viable substitute goods..
A) completely

B) deceptively A) by / for
C) notably B) about / in
D) voluntarily C) at / under
E) relatively D) from / on

E) with / around
3. Home heating, which ---- less than 7 per
cent of all energy consumed in the US,
has had a commendable efficiency 8. The private sector in the Gulf states
record. . employs mostly expatriate workers, ----
the majority of nationals are employed in
the public sector with higher wages and
A) accounts for
job protection..
B) comes with
A) so that
C) joins in
B) just as
D) picks up
C) while
E) brings out
D) unless
4. For a long time now, biologists ---- that
E) in case
bits of tissue placed next to each other -
---..
9. ---- the causes of alcoholism are various,
alcohol use is a major factor..
A) had known / may fuse

B) have known / can fuse A) When

C) knew / had fused B) Although
D) would have known / have fused C) Just as
E) know / would have fused D) If

5. In order ---- a good sheep-shearing robot
I had to understand sheep shearers and
the skill of shearing, as well as the
technology ---- in building a robot..
E) Whether
10. Childrens appetites begin to diminish
around one year, ---- the slowing of growth..

A) having built / to have been involved A) regardless of

B) in spite of
B) building / to be involved
C) in case of
C) to build / involved
D) consistent with
D) to be building / involving
E) except for
E) to have built / having been involved
11. ---- business plans are failing to
materialise, while ---- are processing at
an astounding pace..

A) Those / each

B) Some / others

C) All/either

D) Each / another

E) Any /none

12. Because of the wide variety of ethnicity

in the United States, people speak
English as ---- their native ---- their
adopted tongue..

A) rather / than

B) either / or

C) more / than

D) so much / as

E) well / as

13. Today virtually all country and suburban

week lies and small dailies are produced
by offset lithography, a procedure ----
photographs can be reproduced
inexpensively..

A) why

B) that

C) which

D) whether

E) by which
 Ever since Lord Curzon, a member of Britains
18. V.
World War I cabinet, (I) ---- that the Allies had
floated to victory on a sea of oil,major
industrialized power shave sought oil security. A) tedious
For instance, an imperialist surge by Japan to B) irrelevant
secure oil supplies in East Asia resulted (II)----
the fateful attack on Pearl Harbour. The desire to C) redundant
control Middle East oil pushed the Soviet Union
D) vague
into Afghanistan, and led to Saddam Husseins
(III)---- of Kuwait. And in his 1980 State of the E) vital
Union speech, US President Jimmy Carter made
clear Americas own oil-security policy (IV) ---- he
described what would become known as the
Carter Doctrine: Any attempt by an outside force
to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be
regarded as an assault on the(V) ---- interests of
the United States of America.

14. I.

A) declares

B) declared

C) has declared

D) would have declared

E) would declare

15. II.

A) in

B) within

C) on

D) below

E) of

16. III.

A) purchase

B) exclusion

C) invasion

D) negotiation

E) illusion

17. IV.

A) in case

B) although

C) even if

D) when

E) so far as
19. Although the colonists enjoyed
unusual prosperity at least until 1764, -
---..

A) Britain would have attempted to tighten

imperial supervision

B) the system did, in fact, fit the needs of the

new country

C) they had, nevertheless, certain economic

grievances

D) only the commercial laws have irritated

the colonists

E) monetary legislation came in too late

20. ---- if there are no shared activities..

A) It is almost impossible to create a sense of

community

B) Cultural diversity has many advocates

C) The problem with relativism is that it has

led, almost inevitably, to separatism

D) Too many people failed to recognize the

dangers of diversity

E) This sense of common purpose would

have been undermined

21. There are still places in the world where

one can go to dive and see very little
indication of human impact..

A) Hl dnyann pek ok yerinde dal

yaplabilir ve insan etkisinin ok az belirtisi
grlebilir.

B) Dnyada hl yle yerler vardr ki dal

yapmak iin buralara gidilebilir ve
buralarda insan etkisinin ok az belirtisi
grlebilir.

C) Dal yapmak iin gidilebilecek ve insan

etkisinin ok az grlebilecei yerleri
dnyada hl bulmak mmkndr.

D) Dnyada, insan etkisinin ok az olduu ve

dal yapmak iin gidilebilecek hl pek
ok yer bulunmaktadr.

E) Dnyada, dal yapmak iin gidilebilecek

ve insan etkisinin ok az belirtisi
grlebilecek yerler hl mevcuttur.
22. Roma mparatorluunun yklndan
sonra, mparatorluun bir paras olan
Avusturya, Slav kkenli eitli milletlerce
istila edilmitir..

A) Following the fall of the Roman Empire,

Austria, which had constituted part of the
Empire, was settled by different peoples of
Slavic origin.

B) In the aftermath of the fall of the Roman

Empire, Austria, which had been one of
the regions of the Empire, was overrun by
a number of originally Slavic peoples.

C) Soon after the fall of the Roman Empire,

Austria, which had been a region of the
Empire, was conquered by various
nations, mostly of Slavic origin.

D) After the fall of the Roman Empire,

Austria, which had been a part of the
Empire, was invaded by various nations of
Slavic origin.

E) When the Roman Empire fell, a number of

nations of Slavic origin had already
invaded Austria, which was part of the
Empire.
 Outside forces have played a major part in the
25. One can understand from the passage
birth and development of Middle Eastern states that the European powers disintegrated
as well as in shaping the environment in which the Ottoman Empire so that they could -
these states have operated. Since Napoleons ---..
intervention in Egypt in the late 18th century,
European powers have been an important part
A) accelerate the political and economic
of the Middle Easts make-up its politics, socio- developments in the Middle East
economic development and external orientation.
It was the European powers who took control of B) continue the conquests of Napoleon in
significant areas of the region from the 19th Egypt
century, and they gave rise to the downfall of
C) liberate Egypt from the Ottoman
the Ottoman Empire and shared its spoils in the domination
early 20th century. It was the same set of
European powers that formed new states from D) benefit economically and extend their
territories under their control. But in the second political influence
half of the 20th century, the nature of outside
E) respond to the call of local people for
intervention changed somewhat. As a
independence
penetrated regional system, the Middle East, for
all its active internal dynamics (nationalism, the
Arab-Israeli War, etc.), was by the 1950s subject
to the influence of strategically-driven
calculations made by the worlds two
superpowers: the US and the USSR. The
superpowers calculations not only directly
affected politics of the region, but also the
environment where the local forces were taking
shape. For over a generation, the Cold War
between superpowers was the framework of the
Middle Easts regional system, from North Africa
in the west to the borders of the Soviet
Caucasus and Central Asia

23. During the second half of the 20th

century, ----..

A) the Cold War between superpowers forced

the Middle Eastern countries to rethink
their calculations

B) active internal dynamics in the Middle

East shaped the regions prospects

C) the two superpowers began to take active

involvement in the Middle East

D) local forces in the Middle East were

against the dominance of two
superpowers

E) the Middle East was a completely different

region from the Soviet Caucasus and
Central Asia

24. The authors attitude towards the

developments in the Middle East is ----..

A) supportive

B) realistic

C) sarcastic

D) modest

E) satirizing
26. It can be inferred from the passage that
the fate of the Middle Eastern states -
---..

A) was decided first by the European powers

and then the two superpowers

B) depended exclusively on the policies of

imperial European powers of the time

C) was directly linked to the survival of the

Ottoman Empire that controlled the region

D) was similar in many ways to the states in

North Africa and the Central Asia

E) was in the hands of their elected rulers for

centuries

27. The age at which puberty starts is

something that many children worry
about. The onset of puberty varies from
child to child and is influenced by a
number of factors, including heredity,
but it generally begins between the ages
of eight and thirteen in a girl, and
between ten and fifteen in a boy. One of
the factors that influences the onset of
puberty is nutrition. ---- Thus, the
average age when puberty started went
down by well over a year. In todays
developed world, malnutrition is rare
and as a result, over the last 50 years or
so, there seems to be a continuing trend
toward an even lower average age of
puberty..

A) There has probably been a reduction of 6

months or so in the average age of
puberty in the last few decades.

B) Puberty is a time of enormous change,

both physical and emotional.

C) In some countries, the changes have

become less marked according to the
reports by the WHO.

D) Nutrition improved in the developed world

between the late 19th century and the
mid-20th century.

E) Puberty is considered to be premature if it

starts before the age of eight.
28. Jane: Smart-phone use is on a
continuous increase in Taiwan. For
example, a Taiwanese smart phone
manufacturer has reported very high
profits.

Mary: What does he mean by high

profits?

Jane:----

Mary: Now I see what he means..

A) It has been a profitable year for Taiwan.

B) More than the Taiwanese people needed

to use.

C) Almost twice as much profit as they made

a year ago.

D) I think he is referring to the worldwide use

of smart phones.

E) He was very happy with the technical

quality of the phones produced.
29. The north of Italy is directly responsible
for the countrys place among the
worlds top industrial nations..

A) Italys northern regions are well-known as

one of the most industrialized areas in the
world.

B) It is entirely the northern part of the

country that has earned Italy a prominent
position among the worlds industrial
nations.

C) In Italy, industry is focused in the north,

but nevertheless she is still one of the
worlds top industrial nations.

D) Italy is one of the worlds top industrial

countries even though all the industrial
activities are concentrated in the north.

E) Italy is one of the few countries in the

industrial world where only one region, the
north, is industrialized.

30. (I) In the past century US life-expectancy

climbed from forty-seven to seventy-
seven. (II) Similar rises happened in
almost every country. (III) And this
process shows no sign of stopping. (IV)
Such a pill could give us an extra twenty
years of life. (V) According to the United
Nations, by 2050 global life expectancy
will have increased by another ten
years. .

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 B

2 C

3 A

4 B

5 C

6 A

7 A

8 C

9 B

10 D

11 B

12 B

13 E

14 B

15 A

16 C

17 D

18 E

19 C

20 A

21 E

22 D

23 C

24 B

25 D

26 A

27 D

28 C

29 B

30 D
3
1. Copper is replacing aluminium in the 6. If you ---- the movie Jurassic Park then
metal interconnections on some chips to you will know that birds ---- from small
improve ----.. meat-eating dinosaurs..

A) creativity A) have seen / evolved

B) credibility B) had seen / have evolved

C) sustainability C) see / will evolve

D) conductivity D) were seeing / might be evolved

E) respectability E) saw / would evolve

2. Many researchers now focus on poverty 7. Bleeding after oral surgery can usually
and poor education as explanations for - be stopped ---- keeping steady pressure
--- mortality.. ---- the surgical site for the first hour..

A) probable A) for / to

B) intense B) in / to

C) preventive C) with / up

D) occasional D) by / on

E) excess E) from / of

3. The Interior Ministry has ordered two of 8. The structures around the eye protect it
its chief inspectors to ---- an ---- allowing it to move freely in all
investigation into the death of a directions. .
journalist whilst in police custody..
A) since
A) carry out
B) while
B) deal with
C) even though
C) take place
D) because
D) put out
E) whereas
E) make up
9. ---- the Roman legions withdrew in the
4. The US presidential election of 1800 ---- 5th century A. D. Britain fell easy prey to
notorious on account of the unforeseen the invading hordes of Angles, Saxons
constitutional problems it ----.. and Jutes from Scandinavia and northern
Europe..
A) is / has presented
A) Lest
B) has been / presented
B) Unless
C) would be / presents
C) When
D) had been / would present
D) Until
E) was / presented
E) As long as
5. NASA is currently preparing a space
mission ---- Mars, and it is possible that 10. Despite the passage of a decade since its
the planet ---- before the end of the opening, the Maritime Museum in
century.. Istanbul remains undeservedly little-
known today ---- a lack of publicity. .
A) visit / has been colonized
A) instead of
B) visiting / will have been colonized
B) in spite of
C) to visit / will be colonized
C) contrary to
D) to be visited / is going to be colonized
D) as to
E) being visited / is being colonized
E) owing to
11. A robot is ---- machine that can make
decisions independent of human
control..

A) either

B) some

C) such

D) both

E) any

12. In the early twentieth century, the motor

car was one of the first major consumer
products to be ---- mass produced ----
mass marketed..

A) such / as

B) more / than

C) so / as

D) as / as

E) both / and

13. Elastin and collagen are proteins ----

form the spongy material that lies under
our skin and gives it bounce and
flexibility..

A) in which

B) which

C) whose

D) whichever

E) whatever
 Saturn and its 47 diverse moons have been (I) -
19. ---- when they believe that teachers care
--- the close watch of the Cassini probe since about them personally and
2004. The probes main (II) ---- in its planned 74 educationally..
orbits is to gather detailed images of the second
largest planet in our solar system, its icy moons
A) As a group, these students reached high
and spectacular rings, (III) ---- span (IV)---- 272,
levels of achievement
000 kilometres. So far, the probe (V) ---- some of
the best images we have of Saturn, and B) The psychological needs of students
provided astronomers with a wealth of new data. cannot be over-estimated

C) The learning context should have received

as much attention as the students
14. I.
D) Students develop a positive attitude
towards school
A) under
E) There has been a remarkable
B) in improvement in student performance
C) with
20. The Victorian father was very much the
D) through autocrat in his home, ----..
E) over
A) though his wife was supreme in her own
domain
15. II.
B) that has been the subject of many films of
A) stage the age

B) objection C) even if his children have behaved as they

liked elsewhere
C) assumption
D) even if there is a queen on the throne
D) controversy
E) so daughters in particular know what is
E) aim permissible and what is not

16. III. 21. We are proud to be part of a programme

that gives these often overlooked but
extremely talented athletes long-
A) whatever overdue recognition..
B) where
A) Son derece yetenekli olsalar da bugne
C) who kadar ihmal edilmi olan bu atletlere hak
ettikleri itibar, katlmaktan bizim de kvan
D) which
duyduumuz bu programla
E) whereas salanmaktadr

B) Bizim de gururla dahil olduumuz

17. IV. program, bugne kadar unutulmu, ancak
stn yeteneklere sahip tm bu atletlere
hak ettikleri itibar salamaktadr
A) completely
C) Biz hepimiz, ou kez nemsenmemi,
B) almost
ancak stn yetenekleri olan tm bu
C) largely atletlere hak ettikleri itibar salayan bir
programda yer almaktan son derece
D) adversely kvanlyz

E) slightly D) inde yer almaktan son derece kvan

duyduumuz bu programla, bugne kadar
nemsenmeyen, ancak yetenekleri en
18. V.
stn olan bu atletlere hak ettikleri itibar
salanmaktadr
A) is capturing
E) Biz, ou kez nem verilmemi, ancak son
B) captures derece yetenekli bu atletlere oktan hak
ettikleri itibar salayan bir programn
C) has captured paras olmaktan gurur duyuyoruz

D) had captured

E) will capture
22. Dilbilimi, son zamanlarda hemen tm
alanlarda muazzam bir genileme
salayan, gen bir sosyal bilimdir..

A) Linguistics, which is, in a sense, a young

social science, has expanded in every area
in recent times.

B) Linguistics is a young social science, which

has recently had a massive expansion in
almost all areas.

C) As a young social science, linguistics has

expanded enormously in all areas in
recent years.

D) Although linguistics is in fact a somewhat

young social science, its recent expansion
in almost all fields has been remarkable

E) Linguistics, which has expanded rapidly in

all areas in recent years, is in fact a young
social science.
 Although Aeschylus is considered to be the first
25. It is understood from the passage that -
great innovator of Western drama, it is ---..
sometimes difficult to judge the full extent of the
innovations he introduced, since no plays by his
A) Aeschyluss dramatic poetry is hard to
predecessor, Thespis, have been preserved.
comprehend, as he depicted sophisticated
What we know about Greek drama before
characters
Aeschylus suggests that it had developed
gradually out of choral lyrics, occasionally B) the audience of the time objected to the
interrupted by short dialogues between the idea that a second actor caused chaos on
chorus and a single speaker or singer stage
representing an individual character. Aeschylus
C) Aeschylus was inspired by Thespis in his
took the decisive step of introducing a second attempts to introduce a second character
actor, thus enabling for the first time a dialogue into his plays
or conflict between two individuals to take place
on the stage and in front of an audience. The D) with Aeschyluss initiation, a conversation
innovations made possible by Aeschyluss or a clash was realized by the acts of two
introduction of a second character are very actors on stage
significant. In addition, an actor could leave the E) most Greek tragedies had at least three
stage and reappear in the guise of another actors on stage or in the chorus
character, thus permitting an increase in the
overall number of persons represented. In his
later plays, Aeschylus used three actors,
allowing him to feature a large number of
characters, as in The Libation Bearers, the
second play of the Oresteia trilogy.

23. According to the passage, it is difficult to

grasp the importance of Aeschyluss
innovations, because ----..

A) he, as his successor, parodied Thespiss

elevated style

B) they are believed to have come into being

rather quickly

C) the plays of his antecedents have not

been retained

D) his surviving trilogy was singled out in

terms of its content

E) his plays expressed the confidence and

authority of an emerging empire

24. As indicated in the passage, prior to

Aeschylus, drama ----..

A) had choral lyrics in which short dialogues

between chorus and characters intervened

B) primarily focused on the conflicts between

different characters

C) was dominated by long and continuous

choral lyrics

D) had been specifically performed for the

audience

E) was confined to a single character

represented by a speaker or a singer
26. It is clearly stated in the passage that -
---..

A) Aeschyluss last play, Oresteia, was a

trilogy where numerous kinds of legends
were expressed

B) in order to raise the number of characters

on stage, performers in Aeschyluss plays
changed costumes and played other parts

C) a heroic image was depicted throughout

the plays by the actors representing
different characters

D) developments in drama brought by

Aeschylus had been controversial for a
long time

E) Aeschylus was a man of the stage who

even acted in his own plays in disguise
with other actors

27. At the beginning of every term, Harvard

students are able to enjoy a one-week
'shopping period'. ----. There is a spirited
quality to this stretch, a sense of
intellectual possibility as students pop in
and out of lecture halls, grabbing syllabi
and listening for twenty minutes or so
before rushing away to other classes. It's
quite an amazing event and the
atmosphere is truly stimulating..

A) As soon as the 'shopping period' ends, the

fun of learning begins.

B) They can sample as many courses as they

like and thus prepare the most
appropriate schedule.

C) It is an exceptionally good setting for an

act of political theatre.

D) During this period they take notes in

lectures for exams.

E) It may be hard to get into Harvard, but it

is easy to get out without learning much.
28. Assistant :- Good morning. Can I help
you?

Mr Jones :- ----

Assistant :- Well, both of them have their

advantages.

Mr Jones :- Im sure they do. Id better

let her choose..

A) A laptop is more expensive than a

desktop.

B) No, thanks. Im just looking around.

C) Perhaps. Im looking for a present for my

daughter. Could you suggest something
suitable for a university student?

D) Yes, I want to buy a computer for my

daughter but I am not sure whether to buy
a laptop or a desktop.

E) Later, perhaps. When Ive decided what I

want.
29. Her aquatic undertakings captured the
public imagination and brought her
unexpected fame..

A) Her investigations into life in the oceans

earned her the admiration of the general
public.

B) Her underwater adventures appealed to

the general public and soon she became
quite famous.

C) As her understanding of the sea-bed grew

she attracted considerable attention and
even became famous.

D) She contributed greatly to our knowledge

of aquatic life and deserves her fame.

E) People were enthralled by her undersea

missions and, surprisingly, she became
famous.

30. (I) The social unrest of the Sixties was

international. (II) Its roots lay in the
political struggles and social
transformations of the postwar period.
(III) Mass culture made its most powerful
impact in the visual world, especially
through film. (IV) Of these, the most
important were the anticolonial and civil
rights movements. (V) Especially,
anticolonial movements reflected a
growing racial consciousness and also
helped to encourage that
consciousness..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 D

2 E

3 A

4 E

5 C

6 A

7 D

8 B

9 C

10 E

11 E

12 E

13 B

14 A

15 E

16 D

17 B

18 C

19 D

20 A

21 E

22 B

23 C

24 E

25 D

26 B

27 B

28 D

29 E

30 C
4
1. Controlled diet studies ---- that saturated 6. German troop transfers ---- greater if
fat increases cholesterol levels.. their territorial acquisitions ---- so
dramatic..
A) prescribed
A) can be / was not
B) confirmed
B) could have been / had not been
C) disturbed
C) may be / will not be
D) regretted
D) is / was not
E) deduced
E) would be / might not be
2. Latin American countries on average
export only about 10 per cent of their 7. As regards breast changes, our
products to other Latin American definition ----normal varies ---- age and
countries but ---- 20 per cent of them to experience..
the US..
A) of / with
A) almost
B) for / from
B) fairly
C) at / over
C) respectively
D) in / for
D) initially
E) with / by
E) extensively
8. He was advised not to discontinue
3. Britain plays by far the biggest role, ---- this medicine ---- this might bring a
31 per cent of all foreign investment in recurrence of the complaint..
the US..
A) so that
A) accounting for
B) despite
B) making up for
C) until
C) setting up
D) as
D) running out of
E) due to
E) coping with
9. Most of us think that random events
4. Having read so many contemporary tend to be equally spread, ---- the
American writers, I ---- to feel impatient contrary seems to be true: randomness
with the kind of fiction that ---- in tends to occur in clusters..
England. .
A) as if
A) was beginning / will have been written
B) but
B) had begun / has been written
C) so
C) have begun / would have been written
D) moreover
D) would begin / is being written
E) since
E) began / was being written
10. Humans, like all warm-blooded animals,
5. The miners who ---- exploitation helped - can keep their core body temperatures
--- the principles of modern labour law: pretty much constant ---- differences in
Pay by the hour.. the temperature in the world around
them..
A) had resisted / to be shaping
A) as of
B) resisted / shape
B) regardless of
C) will resist / to shape
C) instead of
D) have resisted / to be shaped
D) in terms of
E) resist / shaping
E) because of
11. A structural formula is a chemical
formula that shows how the atoms are
bonded to ---- in a molecule..

A) another

B) others

C) the others

D) each other

E) every other

12. In September, the weather in Ankara is

not ----warm ---- it is in zmir..

A) too / so

B) the same / as

C) more / as

D) so / unlike

E) as / as

13. Geometry is usually divided into pure

geometry, which roughly embraces the
plane and solid geometry dealt with by
Euclid, and analytical or coordinate
geometry, ---- problems are solved using
algebraic methods..

A) in that

B) in which

C) by whom

D) which

E) whichever
 Light exercise helps to keep brains healthy, at
19. The story of the Trojan War is told in
least in rats. University of Florida scientists (I) - Homer's Iliad ----..
--- active and sedentary rats, then examined
samples (II) ---- their brain tissue. The active
A) whereas the position of Troy was of vital
animals had less of the oxidative damage that
importance for the control of sea traffic
had been thought to result from aging and to
between the Aegean and the Sea of
cause(III) ---- types of mental illness. Mild Marmara
exercise was enough; the healthier rats had
access to a spinning wheel, which they used (IV) B) whereby the war was ended through the
---- every day, although they were not forced to trick of the Wooden Horse
do so. The sedentary rats (V) ---- no source of
C) while, according to others, Troy was
exercise. destroyed by fire

D) so that, in the late 3rd millennium B.C.,

Troy became a prosperous trading centre
14. I.
E) where Achilles is the major hero of the
A) tracking Greeks, and Hector of the Trojans

B) tracked
20. As Haring's short but intensely active
C) will be tracking career shows, ----..

D) will have tracked A) so that fine artists could reach a broader

E) track public

B) it is still possible for original artists to

15. II. attract the attention of a wide public

C) In addition to what had been achieved so

A) of far
B) to D) unless these artists wanted to reach a
wider public
C) for
E) if only he hasn\'t committed himself to
D) through
commercial interests
E) by
21. The Pentagon has estimated that about
16. III. 25 per cent of the military facilities in
the country are unnecessary. .

A) applicable
A) Pentagona gre, lke iinde bulunan
B) supplementary askeri tesislerin yzde 25i gereksizdir.

C) healthy B) Pentagon, lke iindeki askeri tesislerin

hemen hemen yzde 25ine gereksinim
D) reasonable duymadn belirtmitir.

E) various C) Pentagonun hesaplarna gre, lkedeki

askeri tesislerin yzde 25ine hi
gereksinim yoktur.
17. IV.
D) Pentagon, lkedeki askeri tesislerin
A) hardly yaklak yzde 25inin gereksiz olduunu
hesaplamtr.
B) occasionally
E) lkedeki askeri tesislerin aa yukar
C) completely yzde 25ine gereksinim olmad
konusunda Pentagon kararldr.
D) abominably

E) enviously

18. V.

A) having

B) have

C) had

D) have had

E) will have had

22. Yallarn genleri sayca geecei bir
gelecekten korkan pek ok hkmet,
insanlar ocuk sahibi olmaya tevik
etmek iin ne gerekiyorsa yapmaktadr..

A) Fearful of a future in which the elderly

outnumber the young, many governments
are doing whatever they can to encourage
people to have children

B) Most governments, afraid of a future in

which there are more elderly than young
people, are taking whatever measures
they can in order to persuade people to
have more children.

C) In order to urge people to have more and

more children, a number of governments,
which fear that the elderly will outnumber
the young in the future, are introducing
whatever incentives they can.

D) Various governments fear a future in

which the number of the elderly will
exceed that of the young, and are hence
doing their best in order to convince
people to have children

E) Since governments are afraid that, in the

future, the number of the elderly will
exceed that of the young, they are doing
all they can so that people may have more
children
 Studies reveal that even subtle, artificial or
25. According to the passage, exclusion ----..
seemingly unimportant exclusion can lead to
strong emotional reactions. A strong reaction
makes sense when you are rejected or ignored A) can be productive if it generates self-
reflection and an improvement in
by your family or close friends, because they are
behaviour
important to you. It is more remarkable that
intense feelings of rejection can emerge even B) is a very real threat to our psychological
when people close to us are not involved. We welfare
can feel awful even after people we have never
met simply look the other way. This reaction C) is the result of lack of control over our
behaviour in social situations
serves an important function. It warns us that
something is wrong, that there exists a serious D) makes us more physically aggressive,
threat to our social and psychological well-being. leading to further isolation
Psychologists argue that belonging, self-esteem,
a sense of control over your life and a belief that E) is the most effective way for humans to
existence is meaningful constitute four deal with problems in their lives
fundamental psychological needs that we must
meet to function as social individuals. Exclusion
threatens all these needs. Even in a verbal or
physical dispute, individuals are still connected.
Total exclusion, however, cuts all bonds. Worse
than this, the imposed silence forces us to think
about the event in detail, generating self-critical
thoughts in our search for an explanation.This
forced isolation also makes us feel helpless: You
can fight back, but no one will respond. Finally,
exclusion makes our very existence feel less
meaningful because this type of rejection makes
us feel isolated and unimportant.

23. The author of the passage thinks the

results of studies on exclusion are
surprising in that ----..

A) negative feelings of exclusion occur only

after rejection by close friends or family
members

B) people who have been excluded are

usually those who consider relationships
unimportant

C) even people who do not matter to us

personally can hurt us by ignoring us or
keeping us out

D) most people experience no negative

feelings after being rejected by social
groups

E) a person with a wide network of social

connections will experience less rejection

24. We can understand from the passage that

human beings ----..

A) are social beings who require membership in a

group to function properly

B) exclude individuals for valid reasons that must

be resolved by the individual

C) are essentially sensitive beings who exclude

others only by accident

D) are different from all other living organisms in

the extent of their need for social ties

E) rarely experience very strong feelings of

rejection
26. According to the passage, having an
argument or physical fight is preferable
to exclusion because ----..

A) acting out disagreements is a primary

psychological need

B) built-up feelings of aggression will only

cause greater future violence

C) the individual is still part of the group and

has ties to others

D) human beings often find deep meaning in

disagreements and conflicts

E) sometimes using force is the only way to

achieve certain aims

27. The year 1960 seemed golden and full of

promise. Despite nearly constant
international tension, everyday life in
Europe and North America seemed to be
improving. Economies recovered, many
standards of living rose, and new forms
of culture flourished. The economic
horizon looked bright. ----. Western
Europeans could no longer be so certain
of their prosperity or of their leaders
ability to provide the sort of life they
took for granted..

A) Legal changes would not have occurred

without womens movements of the time

B) These changes marked a new culture of

mass consumption boosted by marketing,
advertising, and credit payment

C) However, by 1990, most of the familiar

landscape had been dramatically
transformed

D) The civil rights movement in the US had

enormous significance for the twentieth
century

E) The most serious outbreak of student

unrest in Europe came in Paris in the
spring of 1968
28. Mrs Brown : The post you have applied
for involves a lot of travelling. Have you
been abroad much?
Mr White :----
Mrs Brown : Why did you go there?
Mr White : The company sent me there
to attend a conference..

A) No, I havent. This will be the first time.

B) Well, Ive been to central Europe once, to

Hungary.

C) I have not thought of travelling abroad.

D) I did not know that this job requires

travelling.

E) Travelling is my hobby.
29. The 1980s brought a surge of new
interest in expanding the definition of
intelligence..

A) Efforts to widen the definition of

intelligence are immensely characteristic
of the 1980s.

B) It was during the 1980s that the definition

of intelligence attracted some attention

C) During the 1980s the desire to broaden

the definition of intelligence re-appeared
with compelling force.

D) With the 1980s radical new definitions of

intelligence suddenly and unexpectedly
came into being

E) With the 1980s came the compulsive

desire to narrow the definitions of
intelligence.

30. (I) The eruption of Nevada del Ruiz in

Columbia in 1985 illustrates how a lack
of monitoring and poor evacuation can
lead to loss of life. (II) The eruption itself
was a small one and didnt kill anyone.
(III) Disaster came later when molten
rock melted the ice cap. (IV) This caused
mudflows which wiped out 230, 000
people. (V) Sometimes there are early
signs that an eruption is imminent. .

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 B

2 A

3 A

4 E

5 B

6 B

7 A

8 D

9 B

10 B

11 D

12 E

13 B

14 B

15 A

16 E

17 B

18 C

19 E

20 B

21 D

22 A

23 C

24 A

25 B

26 C

27 C

28 B

29 C

30 E
5
1. The ---- of wasting in people with AIDS is 6.
similar to that seen in people who die People generally ---- to go the opera as if
from starvation.. they ---- to an official wedding ceremony.
.
A) degree
A) are dressing up / go
B) solution
B) dressed up / had gone
C) cure
C) will dress up / have gone
D) reversal
D) dress up / were going
E) relief
E) would dress up / could go
2. It is hoped that these ---- projects will
lead to a better understanding of 7. Roger Revelles calculations about what
typhoons and improve short-term happens to the carbon dioxide released -
weather forecasting.. --- the burning of fossil fuels were
correct ---- showing that much of it
would end up in the sea..
A) defensive

B) excessive A) from / with

C) comprehensive B) by / in
D) regrettable C) to / by
E) forceful D) in / for

E) through / about
3. The worst fires firemen have to ---- are
those that emit stifling smoke and
noxious gases.. 8. ---- he was aware of the dangers of this
kind of research, he still continued with
the project..
A) take over

B) put over A) If
C) fill out B) Even though
D) cope with C) So that
E) pull through D) Whereas

4. Many parts of rural America ---- to reflect
the values and traditions of the
European immigrants who ---- in the
country during the nineteenth century..
A) continued / have arrived
E) However
9. ---- everyone appears to dislike a person
who is known as a 'gossip, ' it is an
exceedingly unusual individual who
doesnt enjoy a bit of gossip..

B) have continued / would have arrived A) If

C) continue / arrived B) Unless
D) would have continued / were arriving C) Although
E) will continue / would arrive D) Whenever

5. At present, the number of species estimated E) Once

---- extinct as a result of human activity is
still far smaller than those ---- during the
major mass extinctions of the geological
past..

A) to have gone / observed

B) going / to observe

C) to go / have been observed

D) having gone / to be observed

E) gone / observing
10. In veterinary medicine, federal
governments and professional
associations keep data on animal
euthanasia and, ---- the research results
obtained so far, have developed
guidelines and procedures..

A) in the hope of

B) as of

C) in case of

D) in accordance with

E) on behalf of
11. Actually, though he and I are both
hydrologist, ---- duties and
responsibilities are rather different; he
is more concerned with flood defense
activities, whereas ---- field is
strategic planning..

A) their / his

B) our / my

C) your / our

D) his / mine

E) my / your

12. Wellington's abandonment of an attempt

to make a Tory government was not ----
due to threats of civil war ---- to Peel's
refusal to join a Tory government..

A) so far/as if

B) as/as

C) as much / than

D) so much / as

E) even / more

13. During the wars ---- followed the French

Revolution, Belgium was occupied by
France and later annexed..

A) whether

B) who

C) when

D) that

E) as
 People may bruise easily because of fragile
18. V.
capillaries in the skin. Each time these small
blood vessels break, a little blood (I) ----, leaving
tiny red dots in the skin and bluish-purple A) such
bruises. Women seem more prone than men to B) no
bruising from a minor injury, especially (II) ----
the thighs, buttocks, and upper arms. Older C) much
people are especially susceptible to bruising
D) so
after bumps and falls (III) ---- they have fragile
blood vessels and a thinner layer of fat under E) many
the skin, which normally serves as a cushion to
help protect against injury. For most people, the
condition isnt serious, but bruising easily (IV) -
--- a sign that something is wrong with the blood
clotting elements, most likely the platelets.
Blood tests can determine if (V) ----problems
exist.

14. I.

A) passes by

B) comes up

C) runs away

D) breaks off

E) leaks out

15. II.

A) on

B) with

C) throughout

D) through

E) over

16. III.

A) unless

B) even so

C) because

D) whereas

E) so that

17. IV.

A) has to be

B) should be

C) would be

D) may be

E) will be
19. If only he'd sought the advice of an
expert ----..

A) the whole family had been spared a great

deal of worry

B) his financial position has already started

to improve

C) his business affairs wouldn\'t be in such a

terrible state now

D) the legal charges have obviously been

needlessly excessive

E) the situation hadn\'t got completely out of

control

20. ----, they are rising in the prosperous

northern parts..

A) Since more births will be an alternative to

accepting millions of immigrants from
beyond Europe

B) Because the EU\'s lowest fertility rates are

all to be found in its southern countries

C) Even though the main factors affecting

birth rates were apparently cultural and
socioeconomic

D) While birth rates continue to fall in the

poorer and more traditional south of Italy

E) Although many young women feel they

cannot have both children and a career
21. The European Union is engaged in a
variety of programmes all around the
world to promote and protect the rights
of children, particularly in countries
where children are affected by war. .

A) Tm dnyada zellikle savaan lkelerdeki

ocuklar iin ocuk haklarn desteklemek
ve korumak iin Avrupa Birlii birok
programa izin veriyor.

B) Avrupa Birlii dnyada savaan lkelerin

ocuklarnn haklarn desteklemek ve
korumak iin eitli programlar
destekliyor.

C) Avrupa Birlii tm dnyada, zellikle

ocuklarn savatan etkilendii lkelerde,
ocuk haklarn desteklemek ve korumak
iin eitli programlarla ilgileniyor.

D) Avrupa Birlii zellikle savatan etkilenen

lkelerin ocuklarn desteklemek ve
korumak iin tm dnyada eitli
programlar dzenliyor.

E) zellikle ocuklarn savatan etkilendii

lkelerdeki ocuk haklarn destekleyen ve
koruyan Avrupa Birlii tm dnyada eitli
programlarla ilgilidir.
22. ABD, Arap petrolnn serbest akn
salamak iin asker g dahil gerekli
her vastay kullanmaya kendini resmen
baml klmtr..

A) In order to secure the free flow of Arab oil,

the USA has officially decided to resort to
any means imaginable, including military
force.

B) The USA is officially committed to the use

of any means necessary, including military
force, to ensure the free flow of Arab oil.

C) It is a determined policy of the USA to

make sure, through the official use of any
means, including military force, that Arab
oil flows freely.

D) The USA is clearly determined to use any

means whatsoever, even military force, in
an effort to secure the unobstructed flow
of Arab oil.

E) It is the official policy of the USA to ensure

the free flow of Arab oil by using all kinds
of means except military force.
 For decades, nets and sprays have been the
25. It can be inferred from the passage that
only effective methods for controlling the ----..
mosquitoes that cause malaria. However,
Spanish chemist Pilar Mateo thinks she can do
A) the paint may not be as common as
better with her invention of embedding
sprays, since they have long been in use
pesticides in microcapsules stirred into house
for pest control
paints at her Valencia company. The insecticides
are released from the paint slowly, remaining B) Mateo will also contribute to the economy
effective for two to four years, while sprays need of a less well-off nation with her new
to be reapplied at least every six months. The project
paint acts like a vaccine for houses, she says.
C) greater amounts of pesticides are required
The amounts of pesticides released from the in Latin American countries
paint are harmless to people but are devastating
to insects, according to the tests made by D) the use of the paint will be restricted to
scientists. The paint has already been approved fifteen countries around the world
for use in fifteen countries, including China and
E) people in poor countries may not be able
England. Mateo is seeking approval in the US
to afford to buy the paint because of its
and a recommendation from the World Health high cost
Organization. She says she has received offers
to buy her patent but refuses to sell out.
Instead, her new venture, another company in
Africa, will produce it commercially at a factory
in Ghana and employ a great number of
workers. By taking production outside Spain,
we can reduce the cost and make it more
accessible, she says. Her idea is to sell the
paint as an affordable alternative to sprays.
After years of donating paint to poor people in
Latin America, Mateo wants to fund her broader
humanitarian efforts. Its not just the insects
that are the problem, she says, Its the
poverty.

23. According to the passage, Mateos

invention ----..

A) provides easy application and proves to

be more effective than other methods

B) has been guided by the World Health

Organization and initially applied in the US

C) is supported primarily by the funds from

China and England

D) has resulted from a collaborative work of

scientists from different countries

E) has attracted much attention especially

from developed countries

24. According to the passage, the paint ----..

A) reveals different results in some parts of

the world

B) needs to be stirred well before application

C) has a long-lasting effect when compared

to sprays

D) releases pesticides every six months

E) should be used in houses where people

have been vaccinated
26. It can be understood from the passage
that Mateo ----..

A) has made important donations to Latin

American countries with the help of the US

B) is thought to be the most successful

inventor in the field of pest control

C) has tried to sell her patent, but could not

manage to do so

D) is the first to make use of

microencapsulation technology

E) ultimately plans to fight against poverty

through her lucrative enterprises
27. Nineteenth-century liberals had
confidence in science. Not only did
science deliver technological and
material progress, but it also confirmed
liberals faith in the power of human
reason to uncover and command the
laws of nature. ---- Evolutionary theory,
psychology and social sciences all
introduced visions of humanity that were
sharply at odds with conventional liberal
wisdom. At the same time, artists and
intellectuals mounted their own revolt
against nineteenth-century conventions.
Morals, manners, institutions, and
traditions: all established values and
assumptions were under question..

A) Geologists have always challenged the

Biblical account of creation.

B) These upheavals in the world of ideas

unsettled older conceptions of
individuality.

C) Towards the end of the century, however,

scientific developments defied these
expectations.

D) The scientists of the time held the view

that the world had been formed over
millions of years.

E) The implications of Darwins writings went

far beyond the domain of the evolutionary
sciences.

28. Jack: I never knew you were an urban

explorer. Is that what you were doing at
the weekend?

Sam:Yes, I've been doing it for about a

year now.

Jack:----

Sam: I just love the thrill of exploring,

especially in the abandoned tunnels
under the streets..

A) It sounds like a thrilling experience. Is it

scary?

B) How long have you been exploring such

places?

C) Is it just something to do at the weekend?

D) In your opinion, which is the best city to

go urban exploring?

E) So you explore old forgotten places in our

cities. Why do you do it?
29. Clinton is said to be charismatic because
he seems to embody the virtue of caring
when he speaks..

A) Because people are very impressed by

what Clinton says, they admire him and
think that he has a great deal of charisma.

B) Because, through his speech, Clinton can

move people, they believe that charisma
is a distinctive quality of his character.

C) Since in addressing people Clinton

appears to be genuinely concerned, it is
said that he has charisma.

D) People are always very concerned when

Clinton addresses them, and so they
regard him as a very charismatic person.

E) When Clinton addresses people, he

arouses their feelings so much that they
admire him for his charismatic personality.

30. (I) In a small firm the manager may

perform the role of cost accountant,
salesman, personnel officer, stock
controller etc. (II) However, as a firm
increases in size it can take advantage of
specialization of labour. (III) Each
managerial role can be allocated to a
specialist in that field. (IV) Many firms
spend a lot of money on research and
development. (V) Furthermore, bigger
firms can buy in-management services
and afford large in-house salaries to
entice and retain the best management..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 A

2 C

3 D

4 C

5 A

6 D

7 B

8 B

9 C

10 D

11 B

12 D

13 D

14 E

15 A

16 C

17 D

18 A

19 C

20 D

21 C

22 B

23 A

24 C

25 B

26 E

27 C

28 E

29 C

30 D
6
1. For the information systems to work 6. If he ---- the conditions of the insurance
properly, you need to ---- the technology policy carefully, he ---- that it did not
to suit the situation.. cover such eventualities..

A) convince A) has read / realized

B) adjust B) reads / has realized

C) reduce C) is reading / realizes

D) sustain D) were reading / had realized

E) explain E) had read / would have realized

2. In spite of the widespread effects of 7. For decades presidents have been

Christianity on the Anglo-Saxons, they coming ---- plans to deal with the fact
clung ---- to many of the superstitions that one day the world will run ---- its
and customs from their pagan past.. key source of energy: oil..

A) hardly A) up with / out of

B) firmly B) out of / up against

C) rapidly C) down to / away from

D) fairly D) up for / through

E) urgently E) over to / into

3. Recent findings answer key questions
about how tumour cells ---- residence in
other parts of the body..
A) cut down
8. ---- climate change seems likely to
threaten the entire worlds health, an
ever greater number of political leaders
are insisting that something must be
done to stop it..

B) pull up A) Even though

C) slow down B) Now that
D) wait for C) Provided that
E) take up D) As if

E) Even if
4. With few exceptions, most totalitarian
governments ---- more liberal since 1989
when the Berlin Wall ----.. 9. ---- Charles Dickens himself had a very
hard childhood, he found it possible to
write novels which contain humour and
A) became / falls
have happy endings..
B) are becoming / would fall
A) If
C) were becoming / has fallen
B) Before
D) had become / was falling
C) When
E) have become / fell
D) Although
5. When windmills and well pumps ----, one
E) Unless
of its first uses on the farm besides ----
water for animals was for cooling milk, to
extend the storage life before being 10. ---- the eminent Victorian biologist
transported to the town market.. Thomas Huxley, the great sea fisheries
were inexhaustible..

A) had invented / to provide

A) In accord with
B) have been invented / being provided
B) In view of
C) are invented / provide C) With regard to
D) were invented / providing D) According to

E) were being invented / to be provided E) In the case of

11. As regards the decision to modernise the
mines in the region, here is a report
which contains ---- relevant information..

A) another

B) any

C) many

D) a

E) some

12. Networks without controlled access can -

--- ensure the security or privacy of
stored data, ---- keep network resources
from being exploited by 'hackers'..

A) neither / nor

B) so / as

C) only / but

D) rather / than

E) also / but

13. Water, indispensable and abundant,

provides the environment ---- nearly all
the bodys internal activities are
conducted..

A) in which

B) whose

C) wherever

D) by what

E) however
 Fifteen million Europeans are infected by the
18. V.
hepatitis B and C viruses, and chronic hepatitis
is responsible for two-thirds of all cirrhoses and
cancers of the liver. Thanks to experience with A) such
HIV, we (I) ----multi-therapy strategies in our B) just
fight (II) ---- hepatitis, combining several drugs
to reduce the development of any resistance. C) as well
These strategies now allow us to completely (III)
D) both
---- the virus from the patients body in 50% of
hepatitis C cases. (IV) ---- , multi-therapy E) so
treatment can only halt hepatitis B, not cure it.
This is why vaccination is (V) ---- important.

14. I.

A) have developed

B) had developed

C) may have developed

D) will have developed

E) must have developed

15. II.

A) to

B) against

C) about

D) towards

E) of

16. III.

A) eradicate

B) cancel

C) delay

D) clean

E) disappear

17. IV.

A) Accordingly

B) Besides

C) As a result

D) On the other hand

E) As well as
19. Because Latvian ethnic identity
was suppressed throughout its history
by foreign rulers, ----..

A) the new Latvian republic has set up strict

citizenship laws, limiting the citizenship to
ethnic Latvians

B) the EU had begun negotiations for the

admission of Latvia as a member

C) the Latvian government would have

speeded up the naturalization process of
the country\'s minorities

D) the easing of its citizenship rules cannot

be disputed

E) the Latvian government will have refused

citizenship to the country\'s 740 000
ethnic Russians

20. After enjoying an increase in Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) in the early and
mid 1990s, ----..

A) structural reforms would have done little

or nothing to reduce the income inequality
in Latin America

B) Latin America Is now facing economic

stagnation

C) the political mood in Latin America had

shifted sharply to the left

D) everybody admitted that the International

Monetary Fund (IMP) had been at fault

E) the Latin American countries would have

followed the advice of analysts and looked
to Korea as a role model
21. It is time to recall that the European
Union was founded on the basis of
human rights, fundamental freedoms
and the rule of law, including the right to
a fair trial..

A) Bir kez daha anmsanmaldr ki Avrupa

Birliinin temeli, insan haklarna, temel
zgrlklere ve adil yarglanma hakkn da
ieren hukukun stnlne dayaldr

B) Her zaman anmsanmaldr ki Avrupa

Birliinin dayand temel, insan haklar,
temel zgrlk-ler, hukukun stnl ve
buna bal adil yarglanma hakkdr

C) nsan haklar, temel zgrlkler, hukukun

stnl ve bunun bir paras olan adil
yarglanma hakknn, Avrupa Birliinin
temelini oluturduu hususu her zaman
anmsanmaldr

D) Avrupa Birliinin, insan haklar, temel

zgrlkler ve, adil yarglanma hakk
dahil, hukukun stnl temeli zerine
kurulduunu anmsamann zamandr

E) Avrupa Birliinin temelinde, insan haklar,

temel zgrlkler, adil yarglanma hakk
ve hukukun stnlnn olduunu
anmsamann tam zamandr
22. Yllk olarak retilen 67 milyon ton
dokuma ipliinin yarsndan fazlas
petrolden elde edilen sentetiklerdir..

A) Half of the synthetics produced from

petroleum within a year make up more
than 67 million tons of textile fibres.

B) Annually, 67 million tons of textile fibres

are produced, almost half of which are
synthetics based on petroleum

C) About half of the 67 million tons of textile

fibres which are produced in a year are
synthetics made essentially from
petroleum.

D) More than half of the 67 million tons of

textile fibres produced annually are
synthetics made from petroleum.

E) Petroleum-based synthetics account for

about half of the annual production of
textile fibres, which amounts to 67 million
tons.
 Scientists have urged national leaders for years
24. It is emphasized in the passage that ----..
to tackle climate change, based on the
assumption that all nations should take steps in
harmony for the success of their prevention A) Hurricane Katrina became the moment of
awakening, especially for national leaders,
efforts. But as anyone who has watched the past
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
15 years of international climate negotiations
can attest, most countries are still reluctant to B) national leaders have been supporting
take meaningful steps to lower their production urban managers to tackle climate change
of greenhouse gases, much less address issues through sponsored projects
such as how to help developing countries
C) national leaders are better equipped than
protect themselves from the extreme effects of
mayors to plan the control of climate
climate change. Mayors and urban managers change more successfully
are taking over as they have a keener sense
about how changing weather patterns will affect D) local leaders have often taken better steps
their cities political and economic futures. than national leaders to cope with climate
Indeed, within months after Hurricane Katrinas change
landfall, the C40 Cities Climate Leadership
E) scientists should first encourage mayors
Group launched in London in October 2005, and and urban managers, not presidents, to
the World Mayors Council on Climate Change reduce greenhouse gas emissions
(WMCCC) got its start in Kyoto that December.
As of June 2011, more than 190 mayors and
other local authorities, representing some 300
million people from around the world, have also
signed a voluntary pact sponsored by the
WMCCC to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
They are tackling climate change, as their cities
are suffering from floods, rising sea levels and
heat waves. They are innovating ways to reduce
carbon dioxide emissions, prevent further
changes in weather patterns and benefit from
transportation systems that protect the
environment

23. It is obvious from the passage that

scientists have long encouraged national
leaders to address the issue of climate
change ----..

A) as they believe that prevention efforts

require the coordinated actions of entire
nations to be effective

B) so that developed countries can

persistently protect themselves from the
extreme effects of climate change

C) with an aim to make developing countries

take significant steps to reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions

D) because most cities are suffering from

catastrophes such as floods, rising sea
levels and heat waves

E) in order that city leaders and urban

managers should minimize the costs of
the measures taken to prevent climate
change
25. It can be understood from the passage
that shortly after the devastation
Hurricane Katrina caused in 2005, ----..

A) climate negotiations started to focus more

on the issues of greenhouse gas emissions

B) two major alliances of city mayors were

formed in order to combat climate-related
problems

C) national leaders came together to take

unprecedented measures against
greenhouse gas emissions

D) both civic leaders and presidents began to

take more effective and coordinated
actions

E) a voluntary pact was signed to deal with

climate change more efficiently

26. One point made in the passage is that

there are evidently extreme effects of
climate change, ----..

A) thus the World Mayors Council on Climate

Change prioritized some steps to prevent
rising sea levels in some countries

B) so most countries are increasingly helping

developing nations tackle the climate-
related problems

C) yet the C40 mayors know exactly which

countries can help them to deal with
catastrophes

D) though mayors and urban managers are

not making any attempts to collaborate
with national leaders

E) but most countries seem unwilling to take

important measures to lessen their
greenhouse gas emissions
27. One of the causes of World War II was
the failure to create lasting, binding
standards for peace and security in
Europe in particular and in the world at
large. Diplomats spent the 1920s, trying
to restore such standards. Some put
their faith in the legal and moral
authority of the League of Nations. ----
Throughout the decade, a number of
leading European statesmen tried to
reach a set of agreements that would
stabilize the peace and prevent
rearmament..

A) Despite the good faith of many statesmen

involved, none of these agreements
carried any real weight.

B) Economic conditions in Europe were

another important cause of renewed
conflict.

C) Others saw disarmament as the most

promising means of guaranteeing peace.

D) Politicians feared international relations

would be undermined by the growing
imbalance of power in Europe.

E) Moreover, the economic depression of the

1930s contributed in several ways to the
coming of the war.
28. John:- Creditors always carry a remote
risk of extreme loss.
Terry:- How do they protect themselves
against it?
John:- ----
Terry:- I think its a good idea..
A) Actually, a number of banks have gone
bankrupt.
B) I think most loans are not paid back in
time.
C) The government provides a variety of
incentives.
D) Most economists can anticipate the
amount of future losses.
E) They invest in Treasury bonds.
30. (I) Patriarchy does not simply mean that
29. Critics have disagreed as to whether
Antigone or Creon is the protagonist of
Sophocles play Antigone..
A) The question whether the main character
in Antigone, which is a play by Sophocles,
is Antigone or Creon is a matter of
controversy among critics.
B) As regards Sophocles play Antigone,
critics have pointed out that it is not
certain whether Antigone or Creon is a
more important character.
C) To what extent Antigone or Creon
becomes the leading character in
Sophocles Antigone has led critics into a
futile discussion.
D) According to various critical views, in his
play Antigone, Sophocles does not make it
clear whether Antigone or Creon is the
most important character.
E) There is much controversy among critics
that, in his play Antigone, Sophocles has
failed to make Antigone or Creon the
leading character.
men rule. (II) Otherwise, through a
process of cultural evolution, societies
that adopted this particular social
system maximized their population. (III)
Indeed, it is a particular value system
that not only requires men to marry but
to marry a woman of proper station. (IV)
It competes with many other male
visions of good life, and for that reason
alone is prone to come in cycles. (V) Yet
before it degenerates, it is a cultural
regime that serves to keep birth-rates
high among the affluent while also
maximizing parents investments in their
children..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 B

2 B

3 E

4 E

5 D

6 E

7 A

8 B

9 D

10 D

11 E

12 A

13 A

14 A

15 B

16 A

17 D

18 E

19 A

20 B

21 D

22 D

23 A

24 D

25 B

26 E

27 C

28 E

29 A

30 B
7
1. A strong ---- exists between a countrys 5. There are many inter-related issues ----
wealth and the freedom afforded its hunger, which ---- to economics and
citizens.. other factors that cause poverty..

A) coincidence A) causing / are related

B) correlation B) caused / were related

C) consideration C) to cause / have related

D) determination D) cause / are relating

E) interpretation E) to have caused / have related

2. Only a few foods supply ---- amounts of 6. If I ---- a similar kind of research, I ---- on
vitamin D, notably those derived from just two decades..
animals..
A) will do / concentrate
A) decisive
B) had done / concentrated
B) significant
C) have done / would have concentrated
C) compulsive
D) were doing / would concentrate
D) previous
E) did / will concentrate
E) alien
7. Most companies would prefer to
3. Finally, the commissioners settled on a concentrate ---- domestic rather than
short, simple, constitutional amendment foreign markets because of their greater
granting Congress the authority to ---- familiarity ---- their own environments..
guidelines for selecting temporary
members in an emergency..
A) in / of

A) hold up B) on / with

B) bring down C) over / by

C) call out D) at / from

D) serve up E) for / to

E) set up
8. ---- a new anti-viral drug is developed,
scientists first test it on the hepatitis C
4. Of all the arts it ---- to classical music virus..
that Germany ---- the greatest
contribution..
A) Even if

A) had been / made B) Before

B) is / has made C) Since

C) has been / had made D) Because

D) was / will have made E) Whenever

E) might be / would have made

9. He realized that the world could run out 13. The part of an animal ---- gases are
of key resources, ---- he was a harsh exchanged with the environment is
critic of the wastefulness of modern called the respiratory surface..
industrial society. .
A) how
A) so that
B) which
B) whether
C) whatever
C) so long as
D) what
D) and so
E) where
E) but

10. Compared with industrialized economies,

most developing countries are poor in
the essential factors of production ----
capital and skilled labour..

A) more than

B) either

C) so that

D) the most

E) such as

11. At the equator, plants grow faster and

bigger than ---- else on Earth..

A) somewhere

B) anywhere

C) where

D) wherever

E) everywhere

12. With a nuclear weapon, the objective is

to release the energy ---- rapidly ----
possible and produce a nuclear
explosion..

A) as / as

B) both / and

C) either / or

D) so / that

E) not only / but also

 Not so long ago, doctors in the West were
18. V.
forbidden (I) ---- remove kidney stones, since
that was reserved for surgeons. However, the
latest technology makes the distinction (II) ---- . A) ambiguously
Today, kidney stones can be dealt with by using B) hastily
a dose of shock waves to break them up with
no cutting required. These waves are a C) formerly
particular sort of sound wave. More gentle sound
D) infinitely
waves, such as ultrasound, (III) ---- in medicine
to peer inside the body and produce images of E) rarely
internal organs. Now, (IV) ---- light rays focused
by alens can create extreme heat, so too can
19. ----, they will know how to cope even in
new ultrasound rays, generated from a such a desperate situation..
specially-designed instrument, burn away
tumours. Shock wave therapy, as it is known, is
A) If the firemen had been trained to meet
just one of a range of non-invasive techniques
any eventuality
that reduce the need to slice people open in
order to treat them. Such techniques promise to B) Since they are experienced Red Cross
blur still further the (V) ---- sharp distinction workers
between physician and surgeon.
C) Though relief supplies came too late

D) As soon as the medical supplies came

14. I. through

E) Even before anyone capable of

A) about supervising the work appeared
B) from
20. Since worrying never puts anything
C) by right, ----?.

D) through
A) what is the point of worrying
E) to
B) were they really convinced of the
feasibility of the plan
15. II.
C) hadn\'t the time come to reach a final
decision
A) inconsistent
D) has the money still not been accounted for
B) irrelevant
E) why are his worries so irrational
C) incoherent

D) particular

E) contradictory

16. III.

A) will long be employed

B) would long be employed

C) had long been employed

D) have long been employed

E) would long have been employed

17. IV.

A) just as

B) even if

C) as though

D) although

E) whereas
21. During World War II many Britons
believed that Churchill was clearly the
man to lead the country to final victory,
but few expected him to go on after the
war..

A) II. Dnya Savanda lkeyi kesin zafere

ulatracak kiilerden birinin Churchill
olduuna inanan birok ngiliz, onun
savatan sonra da liderliini srdreceini
dnyordu.

B) ngilizlerin ou, Churchillin, II. Dnya

Savanda lkeyi niha zafere ulatracak
kii olduuna inanmsa da birka onun
savatan sonra grevini srdreceini
sanyordu.

C) II. Dnya Sava srasnda pek ok ngiliz,

Churchillin kesinlikle lkeyi niha zafere
gtrecek kii olduuna inanyor, ancak
ok az onun savatan sonra devam
etmesini umuyordu.

D) II. Dnya Sava boyunca ou ngiliz,

lkeyi kesin zafere ulatracak tek kii olan
Churchillin, sava sonrasnda da grevini
srdreceini umuyordu.

E) Churchillin II. Dnya Sava srasnda

lkeyi mutlak zafere ulatracak adam
olduuna kesinlikle inanan pek ok ngilize
karn sadece birka ngiliz onun sava
sonrasnda da devam etmesini bekliyordu.

22. Bildiimiz gibi, Amerika Birleik

Devletleri anayasasna gre, Kongre
snrsz bir yasama yetkisine sahip
deildir..

A) As far as we know, the Constitution of the

United States of America does not grant to
Congress unlimited powers for legislation.

B) As we know, according to the Constitution

of the United States of America, Congress
does not have unlimited power of
legislation.

C) We know that, according to the

Constitution of the United States of
America, Congress cannot exercise
unlimited power for legislation.

D) As is well known to us all, Congress is

denied by the Constitution of the United
States of America the right to use
unlimited power for legislation.

E) As we all know, Congresss unlimited

power of legislation has been curtailed by
the Constitution of the United States of
America
 Environmental health has biologic, chemical,
physical and sociological components, including
the immediate and future conditions in which
people live. In colonial America, little attention
was paid to community hygiene and sanitation,
and there was almost a complete lack of
community organisation for better health
services. During this time, epidemics of cholera,
smallpox and dysentery continually occurred.
Although such epidemics were attributed to
environmental health hazards such as
overcrowding, inadequate housing and impure
water, little was done to improve these
conditions. Early attempts to ensure
environmental health included a law in 1610
that prohibited the throwing out of water from
dirty clothes into the street, and required people
to do the necessities of nature outside the town.
Those who violated the law were often subjected
to strict penalties. Such measures were more
concerned with the aesthetics of the
environment than with related health
consequences, and environmental practices
were frequently directed at keeping the
environment attractive.
23. According to the passage, the term
environmental health ----..
A) describes the emergence of epidemics
B) has been around for a very long time
C) refers to basic health standards
D) still means little to American people
E) includes many different factors
24. The main purpose of the passage is to -
---..
A) give the reader an understanding of the
importance of health care
B) present a historical overview of the
development of environmental health
C) provide background information regarding
American health practices
D) show the lack of understanding of
environmental health in the past
E) define what is meant by the term
environmental health
25. It is clearly stated in the passage that in
the past, ----..
A) dirty water was the biggest threat to
health
B) epidemics like cholera were not very
deadly
C) people were not acting collectively to
provide improved health care
D) serious steps were taken to prevent
epidemics
E) preventive health care was directed at
both men and women
26. It can be understood from the passage
that with the introduction of the law in
1610, people ----..
A) could be severely punished for
contaminating the environment
B) began to consult to the opinions of other
people regarding sanitation
C) found it hard to keep the environment
appealing
D) were obliged to wash their clothes in
public places
E) realized that hygiene included biologic,
chemical and physical components
27. Musical notes are assigned different
pitches, and are put together to form
melodies. These may contain phrases,
which can be thought of as musical
sentences. Often, each phrase contains
as many notes as can be sung
comfortably in a single breath. ---- The
flavour of melodies and harmonies often
results from the types of scales or
collections of notes that are used..
A) The simultaneous sounding of a number of
different notes creates harmony.
B) The basic materials of music are pitch and
rhythm.
C) Rhythm, at its most basic, is the beat of a
piece of music and the metre
D) Harmony can be regarded as the
resolution of tension.
E) As a general rule, the longer the string or
column of air, the lower the pitch.
28. Joan :- My credit card bill arrived this
morning. My debt is far greater than I
had expected.

Benjamin :- ----

Joan :- No, but I always pay at least the

required minimum.

Benjamin :- Then thats probably why it

is so high. You pay interest on the
remainder of your debt..

A) Had you repaid the whole of your debt?

B) Didnt you look at the details?

C) Had the bank called you about your debt?

D) Did you spend less last month?

E) Were you expecting a higher bill?

29. Get your brother to fix the roof; hes

quite the best person to do it..

A) Try to persuade your brother to fix the

roof: hes good at such things.

B) As hes good at things like that, why dont

you get your brother to fix the roof?

C) Your brother would mend the roof better

than any one else; tell him to do it.

D) Why dont you get your brother to fix the

roof? Im sure he would.

E) Since your brother is good at roof-fixing,

ask him to do it.

30. (I) Academics are smart and fast, and, in

non-scientific fields such as law and
history, they can be very fluent. (II) They
are able to supply plausible commentary
at short notice on pretty much any
subject that engages the interest of the
public. (III) The greater that interest, the
greater the outpouring of instant
commentary. (IV) But when academics
speak unprepared, especially about
matters outside their area of expertise,
the quality tends to go down. (V)
Furthermore, topics such as foreign
affairs, terrorism, security, the
intricacies of politics and the like have
been studied extensively..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 B

2 B

3 E

4 B

5 A

6 D

7 B

8 E

9 D

10 E

11 B

12 A

13 E

14 E

15 B

16 D

17 A

18 C

19 B

20 A

21 C

22 B

23 E

24 D

25 C

26 A

27 A

28 A

29 C

30 E
8
1. The Suns gravitational pull on the moon 6. If the prevalence of obesity ---- to rise at
is more than twice that ---- by the the present rate, some experts predict
Earth. . that by the year 2030, every adult in the
US ---- overweight..
A) attempted
A) continues / will be
B) undertaken
B) has continued / is
C) magnified
C) continued / could have been
D) replaced
D) is continuing / must be
E) exerted
E) had continued / would have been
2. In the largely closed economies of the
Gulf, private as well as public funds have 7. An Indian drug company has offered to
---- turned to real estate and equity supply an anti-AIDS drug ---- sufferers in
markets, fuelling a dangerous developing countries ---- less than one-
speculative boom.. twentieth of the standard cost in the
West..
A) unlikely
A) in / to
B) nominally
B) at / over
C) rapidly
C) with / for
D) still
D) to / at
E) tightly
E) on / with
3. There were plenty of people willing to -
--- the experiment as the subject, 8. ---- the inequality of income prevails in
controlling emotions, attracted them.. the economy and fails to have a uniform
distribution, any poverty reduction
strategy will prove to be futile. .
A) fill out

B) take part in A) If
C) watch out for B) Though
D) make do with C) Whereas
E) open up D) Unless

E) In that
4. Investigations by modern doctors ----
that Catherine the Great of Russia ----
from syphilis.. 9. The numbers of older persons with
diabetes are expected to grow ---- the
elderly population increases in number..
A) have suggested / has suffered

B) suggest / suffered A) as
C) had suggested / was suffering B) though
D) may have suggested / would have C) thus
suffered
D) now that
E) suggested / suffers
E) even if
5. Thomas Mathews in order ---- his point of
view highly ---- the literary terminology and 10. In Scandinavia, wild life in many rivers has
evidences from history and philosophy as been destroyed ---- the devastating power of
well.. acid rain..

A) to support / used A) in spite of

B) supporting / use B) because of

C) supported / is using C) as opposed to

D) support / was used D) in terms of

E) having supported / had used E) as regards

11. Basel handles more foreign trade than -
--- town in Switzerland on account of its
position on the Rhine River..

A) some other

B) any other

C) the other

D) other

E) one another

12. Engineering structures must conform ----

to their type ---- to the laws of physics. .

A) not only / but also

B) as / as

C) more / but

D) both / as

E) either / and

13. The Great Pyramid of Khufu, ---- is near

Cairo, is one of the most famous
monuments in the world..

A) who

B) where

C) which

D) whom

E) what
 Investigating the relation between cell phones
18. V.
and cancer remains terribly difficult and (I) ---- .
Brain cancer studies are particularly hard to
conduct (II) ---- the tumours are rare and can A) concluded
take decades to develop.Most studies have B) would have concluded
addressed either malignant tumours such as
glioma, or benign tumours such as meningioma C) would conclude
or acoustic neuroma. The majority of the studies
D) should have concluded
have found no link between cell phones and
these types of cancer, but (III)---- have. E) had concluded
Researchers of a university hospital in Sweden
found increased risk(IV) ---- glioma and acoustic
neuroma after ten or more years of regular cell
phone use. They (V) ---- that current radiation
limits for cell phones are unsafe.

14. I.

A) inconclusive

B) explicit

C) obvious

D) influential

E) available

15. II.

A) that

B) unless

C) although

D) because

E) while

16. III.

A) none

B) a few

C) most

D) much

E) more

17. IV.

A) against

B) from

C) for

D) to

E) about
19. Frances biggest problem is mass
unemployment, ----..

A) since students are protesting against a

new, more flexible job contract

B) if employers transform permanent jobs

into less secure ones

C) which had been outside the control of the

government for at least two decades

D) as long as the government continues to

support the heavily-protected high-level
workers

E) which has continued for more than two

decades

20. In Britain last year, there were about 5.5

million residents born outside the
country, ----..

A) whatever one means by Britishness,

citizenship and integration

B) since the government denies migrants

free English lessons

C) of whom only about 60 per cent were

citizens

D) although many migrants work in

situations that only require their native
language

E) while British customs and institutions help

people to integrate

21. Scientists tell us that 90 per cent of all

matter in the universe consists of
hydrogen..

A) Bilim adamlarnn bize sylediine gre,

hidrojen ieren maddeler evrendeki tm
maddelerin yzde 90n oluturmaktadr.

B) Bilim adamlar bize, evrendeki tm

maddelerin yzde 90nn hidrojen
ierdiini sylemektedir.

C) Hidrojenin evrendeki tm maddelerin

yzde 90n oluturduu, bize bilim
adamlarnca sylenen bir gerektir.

D) Bilim adamlarnn bize syledii gibi,

hidrojen, evrendeki maddelerin yzde
90nda bulunmaktadr.

E) Bilim adamlar, hidrojenin, evrendeki tm

maddelerin yzde 90n oluturduunu
sylyor.
22. Kadnlarn bilimsel aratrmalardaki
durumuna ilikin olarak denilebilir ki
temel sorun, kadnlar bilime ekmek
deil, ancak yetitirildikten sonra onlar
bilim iinde tutabilmektir..

A) On the part women play in scientific

studies, it is to be emphasized that the
initial problem is not if women find science
attractive but if they can be involved in it
after their training.

B) One may argue about the position of

women in scientific studies that the major
problem is not how to attract women into
science, but how to employ them as soon
as they complete their training.

C) With reference to the role of women in

science, it must be stated that the primary
problem is not whether women can take
part in scientific research but whether
they can be relied on after they have been
trained.

D) As for the role of women in scientific

research, one can maintain that the
ultimate problem is nowhether science is
attractive to women but whether,
following their training, they can
contribute to it.

E) As regards the status of women in

scientific research, it may be said that the
fundamental problem is not attracting
them to science but retaining them in
science after they have been trained.
 Although most cities seem to form by accident,
25. It is pointed out in the passage that
for thousands of years some of them have been fashion ----..
designed. Whether for defence, beauty, or
practicality, urban designers have imposed their
A) and necessity have fought for the control
ideas of what a city should be about. But ideas
of urban development
are subject to changing needs and fashions.
Centuries ago, a moat or a castellated wall B) has often had a role to play in urban
would have been essential. Now, greenery is in development
vogue. While existing cities look for ways of
becoming more environmentally friendly, a C) may have encouraged the building of
beautiful cities, but not of practical ones
number of new ones are planned that intend to
be totally green. One of the seis Masdar. D) will soon dictate that all cities will be built
Masdars advertising states that 'one day, all in the style of Masdar
cities will be built like this.' This is not the case.
For one thing, Masdar is experimental and a E) is always changing so the style of Masdar
work in progress. What emerges will not will inevitably give way to other styles
necessarily translate well elsewhere. Each green
city is unique, and getting it to work depends on
its location and economy.

23. One point emphasized in this passage by

the writer is that ----..

A) cities that look attractive are not always

well designed

B) each green city must be individually

designed

C) a primary consideration throughout the

ages has been to design cities that can
withstand attack

D) an established city cannot easily or

economically, be modernized

E) all our cities must be turned into green

cities

24. According to the passage, cities, until

recently ----..

A) have usually come into being quite

naturally and of their own accord

B) have only undergone carefully-designed

change when large parts have been
destroyed

C) have boasted beautiful buildings, but poor

infrastructure

D) grew very slowly, if at all

E) were built to house workers, and their

comfort was scarcely taken into
consideration
26. It is clear from the passage that the city
of Masdar ----..

A) follows a design suitable to all locations

B) will be the prototype of all green cities

C) will be constructed strictly in accordance

with the design

D) has been designed and is being built to be

a green city

E) will not turn out to be totally

environmentally friendly

27. A Belgian doctor, who gave a man a new

life after he was wrongly believed to be
in a coma for 23 years, has begun to re-
examine dozens of other cases. He
reports that he has discovered some
degree of consciousness in other
patients but will not say how many. ----
'It is unbelievably difficult to tell the
difference, ' he says..

A) Not wanting to believe the Belgian

doctors, the coma patients mother had
taken him on five separate trips to the US
for neurological testing.

B) In the case of the coma patient, the man

was put through a PET scan, which
revealed his fully conscious mental state.

C) Long before his intervention in the case

three years ago, his patient had been
declared by other doctors to be in a
vegetative state following a car crash.

D) He sees around 50 cases a year, most of

which focus on identifying the fine
distinction between a vegetative state and
minimal consciousness.

E) Since what he describes as his rebirth

three years ago, the coma patient has
been able to visit his fathers grave to
witness the planting of a tree.
28. Jane : Can you do me a favour, please?

Tony : Of course.

Jane : Can you pick up my 12-year-old

sister from the airport tomorrow, at 2
p.m.?

Tony : ----.

A) Wasnt she rather young to be travelling

on her own?

B) I havent seen her for a long time, so I

didnt recognize her.

C) Certainly. III be pleased to do so.

D) Shes a very grown-up 12-year-old.

E) You should have told her Id be meeting

her; then she wouldnt have worried.
29. The pictures of the 18th-century painter,
Hogarth, seem modern because of their
wit and satire..

A) Hogarth gives an authentic picture of

18thcentury life which appeals to modern
times.

B) It is the detail and worldliness of the

drawings of Hogarth that give them a
modern touch, though they date from the
18th century.

C) Though the scenes and the costumes in

the drawings are very 18th century, there
is still something modern about Hogarths
drawing.

D) The appeal of Hogarth lies in the dramatic

depiction of everyday life in the 18th
century.

E) There is a contemporary feel for the

pictures of 18th-century painter, Hogarth,
owing to their humour and satirical
content.

30. (I) Caviar has held a place at the top of

Russian menus under czarist,
communist, and post-Soviet regimes
alike. (II) Until the Russian economic
crisis of 1998, even people with modest
incomes could afford half a pound or so a
month. (III) Caviar has always been
treasured in Russia, where people
believe that it provides relief from grief
and despair. (IV) In Eastern Europe,
caviar fetches as much as $700 a pound.
(V) It is also prized for medical reasons
since it contains lipids, vitamins, and
albumen..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 E

2 C

3 B

4 B

5 A

6 A

7 D

8 A

9 A

10 B

11 B

12 A

13 C

14 A

15 D

16 B

17 C

18 A

19 E

20 C

21 B

22 E

23 B

24 A

25 B

26 D

27 D

28 C

29 E

30 D
9
1. In England, the general publics ---- of 5. Sweden is to be the first country ----up
medical advice from the government diplomatic relations with the online
stems from the fact that, in the past, community in the hope ---- its profile
such information has often proved vastly around the world..
inaccurate..
A) to open / of increasing
A) approval
B) opening / to increase
B) inadequacy
C) opened / to be increasing
C) mistrust
D) to be opened / for increasing
D) distraction
E) having opened / increase
E) preference

2. At present, interest rates are

comparatively ---- ; lets hope they
remain that way. .

A) frequent

B) uneasy

C) consecutive

D) comprehensive

E) steady

3. The report emphasizes that, due to

serious acidification in the coastal
waters, many marine organisms have -
---..

A) died out

B) taken off

C) used up

D) run down

E) ended up

4. The United States ---- expensive high-

tech solutions to the problem of land-
mine clearance, but simpler methods ----
more preferable..

A) should pursue / were

B) pursues / had been

C) pursued / will have been

D) would pursue / would have been

E) has pursued / may be

6. The healthy individual possesses means
of arresting minor haemorrhages; if this
---- so, trivial cuts ---- to a fatal loss of
blood..

A) was not / have led

B) were not / would lead

C) is not / led

D) will not be / would have led

E) would not be / had led

7. Much can be learned from a study ----

two Medicare bills that are currently
working their way ---- Congress..

A) in / at

B) for / into

C) to / over

D) of / through

E) from / for

8. ---- a violent storm is over, it leaves a

cooler ocean behind, lowering the
likelihood that more storms will flare up,
at least not immediately..

A) Once

B) Even so

C) Even if

D) Since

E) While

9. ---- Americans are generally marrying

less, they still marry, divorce and
especially remarry at rates higher than
in most other countries..

A) As

B) When

C) Since

D) Just as

E) Even though
10. ---- other areas of policy analysis, foreign
policy analysis also starts with a number
of central questions about the nature of
what is to be studied..

A) In place of

B) By means of

C) As opposed to

D) Instead of

E) As in
11. Chip-making is very competitive, so -
--- opportunity to cut costs and improve
yields is highly prized..

A) all

B) certain

C) some

D) any

E) such

12. Research suggests that older children

are ---- likely to develop allergies ----
their younger siblings..

A) more / than

B) most / from

C) less / as

D) least / than

E) so / as

13. An earthquake is a movement of the

earths surface ---- follows a setting free
of energy at the surface of the earth..

A) where

B) when

C) whose

D) whom

E) which
 Computers are now part of our everyday lives
19. The public may be interested in whom
and there seems to be nothing out of the ministers have lunch with, ----..
ordinary about them. However, the computers of
the (I) ---- are a different proposition. They are
A) regardless of the fact that civil servants
already beginning to sound (II)---- science
are always at the heart of public decision-
fiction. Super computers, many (III) ---- more
making.
powerful than todays fastest machines, could
be contained in a tiny drop of liquid. (IV)---- B) even though the contribution of civil
would not be built of silicon, (V) ---- DNA, the servants to policy-making was decreasing
stuff of life itself. in recent years.

C) and what are the benefits of greater

openness for a democratic political
14. I. system?

D) but is it in the public interest for the day-

A) future to-day activities of ministers to be fully
disclosed?
B) current
E) even if most senior civil servants get paid
C) present
more than academics.
D) recent
20. It is generally felt that members of the
E) next white working class in Britain express
racist sentiments ----..
15. II.
A) or there may be disagreements and
A) according to tensions between different groups of
people
B) along with
B) since they are the people most directly
C) like affected by Asian immigration

D) close by C) if the class hierarchy is internalized by

each member of society
E) up to
D) unless they want to be respected on their
own terms
16. III.
E) whether or not they have control over
A) conditions their own lives

B) ways
21. Even when we are not moving, our
C) times muscles are in a state of partial
contraction known as muscle tone..
D) degrees

E) tests A) Hareket etmediimizde bile, kaslarmz

kas tons olarak bilinen ksm bir
kaslma durumunda olur.
17. IV.
B) Hareket etmesek bile, baz kaslarmz
ksmen kaslr ve bu duruma kas tons
A) Theirs
denir.
B) These
C) Kas tons olarak bilinen ksm kaslma
C) Any of them durumu, kaslarmz hareket etmedii
zaman oluur.
D) The latter
D) Kas tons, hareket etmediimiz halde
E) Which kaslarmzda oluan ksm kaslma
durumuna verilen addr.
18. V. E) Eer hareket etmezsek, kaslarmz kas
tons olarak bilinen ksm kaslma
A) but of durumunu srdrr.

B) rather than

C) instead of

D) though

E) except
22. Uyku haplar, zellikle birka haftadan
daha uzun sre veya yksek dozlarda
dzenli olarak kullanldnda, baz
insanlarda bamlla neden olabilir..

A) When people take sleeping pills regularly

at particularly high doses for much longer
than one or two weeks, they become very
dependent on these medicines.

B) If sleeping pills are used regularly at high

doses for a few weeks or longer, some
people in particular can develop an
addiction to them.

C) Sleeping pills, especially when used

regularly for longer than a few weeks or at
high doses, can cause dependency in
some people

D) So long as sleeping pills are taken at very

high doses for several weeks or longer,
they can cause dependency in a number
of people.

E) Some people can be particularly addicted

to sleeping pills when used at high doses
or for much longer than several weeks.
 The people of Hong Kong have been
25. The passage points out that Hong
experiencing an identity crisis ever since the Kongers identity crisis ----..
British returned the colony to China in 1997 and
it became a Special Administrative Region with
A) arises from their having lived under British
special privileges (for 50 years). Although they
colonialism in the past
are proud of their Chinese ethnicity, culturally
they have always felt overwhelmingly Western B) is related to their communications with
and therefore much different from their cousins their families on the mainland
on the mainland. Now they have anew worry: a
growing threat to Hong Kongs economic C) is closely linked with their citys economic
downturn
success. The Chinese government recently
announced its plan to turn the city of Shanghai D) has been made worse with the emergence
into a global financial and shipping centre by of Shanghai as a future competitor
2020, a move that is seen as weakening Hong
Kongs traditional and profitable position as E) did not exist before 1997
international gateway to mainland China. Even
worse, Chinas friendlier relationship with former
enemy Taiwan is already reducing transit
commerce through Hong Kong. After an
economic contraction of almost 8% earlier this
year, Hong Kong is feeling real pain, and the
jobless rate could approach record levels. So the
normally hands-off local government has sprung
into action: it has announced two rounds of tax
cuts and various handouts to the poor and to
businesses. In addition, the citys long-term
planners have recommended that Hong Kongs
government focus on developing six fields
including education, environmental-related
industries, and medical technology in which
Hong Kong already has an edge.

23. According to the passage, the Hong

Kong government ----..

A) has been investing heavily in medical-

technology companies

B) views the government of Taiwan as its

enemy

C) supports the plan to make Shanghai a

global financial and shipping centre

D) is planning to bring about a rise in the

jobless rate in the city

E) usually does not interfere in the local

economy

24. We can infer from the passage that for

many years ----..

A) Hong Kong has made a lot of money from

others trading with China

B) Hong Kong has been suffering from severe

economic contraction

C) the Chinese government has pressured

the people of Hong Kong to give up their
Western ways

D) China and Taiwan have enjoyed friendly

relations

E) the Hong Kong government has given out

money to the poor people of the city
26. We learn from the passage that Hong
Kongs long-term planners ----..

A) hope to give the city a natural advantage

in education, environmental-related
industries, and medical technology

B) identified six economic areas deserving of

government support

C) advised the government to carry out two

rounds of tax cuts

D) are concerned about how to meet the

challenge represented by Taiwan

E) are planning to boost the citys economy

by 2020 in order to be equal to Shanghai

27. Columbus arrival in the New World in

1492 was a disaster for the natives. ----
With no resistance to new germs, tribes
rapidly were exposed to unfamiliar
illnesses after their first brief contact
with Europeans. In many cases, the
number of the natives was vastly
reduced without anyone even firing a
shot. Where the tribes developed a
closer relationship with the new arrivals,
they were frequently tricked, tormented,
and massacred by their visitors..

A) Known as Indians, they were good at

mixing herbs to make natural medicines.

B) They were most adversely affected by the

Europeans.

C) The Indian tribes became prominent in the

story of North America as the Europeans
spread westwards.

D) They had natural immunity against most

of the diseases.

E) The colonists, consisting mainly of soldiers

and traders, established an easy
relationship with Indian tribes.
28. Sally : What did you learn in school
today?

Bob: Apparently, when the universe was

only a few minutes old, the only element
was hydrogen.

Sally :----

Bob: Well, they were formed later..

A) How can scientists know that?

B) Do you know why?

C) Where did it come from?

D) Really? What about the other elements?

E) That\'s amazing! What do you think?

29. Actually, I try to keep out of her way
because, whenever I do run into her, she
pesters me for a loan..

A) Whatever you do, dont ever give her a

loan or youll find yourself forced to lend
her Money every time she asks for it.

B) Even so, its best to keep out of her way, if

you can, as she takes every available
opportunity to get money out of you.

C) As a matter of fact, I avoid her as much as

possible since, if we ever do happen to
meet, shes sure to work on me to lend
her money.

D) Even so, I prefer not to risk a meeting with

her as I know she will do her best to make
me lend her the money.

E) Id rather not put myself in a position to be

forced to lend her money again.

30. (I) When searching for land mines, it is

exceedingly difficult to distinguish them
from the tin cans, spent cartridges, and
other metallic debris that litter a war
zone. (II) Fewer than one per cent of all
signals from de-miners metal detectors
actually indicate land mines. (III) Indeed,
civilians have frequently been victims of
land mines. (IV) Moreover, the
technology used in the field has barely
advanced since World War II. (V)
Therefore, the clearing process is
laborious and inefficient, as well as
dangerous..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 C

2 E

3 A

4 E

5 A

6 B

7 D

8 A

9 E

10 E

11 D

12 A

13 E

14 A

15 C

16 C

17 B

18 A

19 D

20 B

21 A

22 C

23 E

24 A

25 E

26 B

27 B

28 D

29 C

30 C
10
1. Normal dietary iron intake cannot 6. If microchips ---- back in the late 1950s,
usually ---- for iron loss from chronic computer technology ---- as advanced as
bleeding.. it is today..

A) compensate A) werent developed / isnt

B) account B) hadnt been developed / wouldnt be

C) request C) wouldnt have been developed / werent

D) ensure D) wouldnt be developed / wouldnt be

E) exchange E) werent being developed / wont be

2. The Allied bombing campaign against 7. In February 1996, ---- a meeting in

Germany in World War II exacted terrible
damage on the countrys factories,
transportation network, population, and
---- very limited fuel-production
capacity..
Bermuda, international partners in the
Human Genome Project agreed to
formalize the conditions of data access,
including release of the sequence into
public data bases ---- 24 hours..

A) already A) at / within

B) solely B) from / in

C) immediately C) in / by

D) inadequately D) during / to

E) rightly E) on / through

3. A mystery virus has ---- more than 90 per 8. ---- demand grows for graduate business
cent of some bird species in India.. degrees, schools are offering their
students more options regarding the
length and content of their
A) found out
programmes. .
B) broken through
A) If
C) turned up
B) As
D) wiped out
C) Unless
E) put off
D) Once
4. Many observers predict that as China ----
E) Whenever
to open itself, state control ----..

9. ---- doctors advise their patients to eat

A) has continued / had eased
well and exercise for their health, they
B) continues / will ease should be telling them to sleep well..

C) continued / could have eased A) Even

D) will continue / has eased B) Because
E) had continued / may have eased C) Just as

5. Several villages in the Arabian Peninsula D) Although

are believed ---- out by a volcanic
E) As if
eruption in the Mediterranean Sea in
1500 BC.
10. Many severe hormone resistance syndromes are
---- inherited defects in membrane receptors..
A) to wipe
A) in terms of
B) being wiped
B) in case of
C) having wiped
C) due to
D) to have wiped
D) in view of
E) to have been wiped
E) in place of
11. In business, every trend contains the
seeds of ---- counter trend..

A) itself

B) its own

C) any one

D) any

E) one's own

12. Private investments play ---- important a

part in the countrys long-running
economic expansion ---- no government
dares to increase taxation on personal
savings..

A) too / that

B) such / as

C) much / so

D) so / that

E) as / as

13. The film Casablanca, the story ---- is set

in Morocco during World War II, stars
Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman..

A) whose

B) of which

C) by whom

D) whichever

E) what
 The more technologically enhanced we become,
19. ----, who really established and
the more we are going to (I) ---- from people in developed the thriller style in films..
the developing world who have never (II)----
made a phone call. As scientists we must think
A) The cartoon is another popular type of
of imaginative ways (III)---- the developing world
film, especially among children
can leap forward from the 19th century into the
21st century. (IV) ---- the gap never will be B) Strong film industries began to emerge in
bridged and we (V) ---- ourselves in a world that other countries
really is unsustainable.
C) Contemporary issues such as violence and
poverty will attract the attention of many
film directors
14. I.
D) Star Wars is perhaps his best film
A) exceed E) It was the film director Alfred Hitchcock
B) distinguish
20. Although the pace of progress in Latin
C) distract America and the Caribbean over the past
two decades has been impressive, ----..
D) diverge

E) proceed A) there remain tremendous development

needs in the region, resulting from poverty
and inequality
15. II.
B) the EU works with Latin American and
A) even Caribbean nations to advance these goals

B) but C) since 2000, the European Investment

Bank has financed 1.3 billion in projects
C) still in the region

D) just D) Europe and Latin America share historic

and cultural ties stretching back over 500
E) enough years

E) the European Commission Humanitarian

16. III.
Aid Office has funded disaster relief
operations in the region
A) whether

B) in which 21. It has been estimated that the number of

tourists visiting China will grow by the
C) as if end of this decade to about 50 million..

D) surely
A) On yl sonra, ini ziyaret eden turist
E) since saysnda meydana gelecek artn 50
milyonun stnde olaca
hesaplanmaktadr.
17. IV.
B) nmzdeki on yln iinde, ini ziyaret
eden turist saysndaki artn aa yukar
A) Similarly
50 milyon olaca tahmin ediliyor.
B) Whatever
C) Tahmin edilecei gibi, bu on yln sonunda,
C) Accordingly ini ziyaret eden turist says artarak
yaklak 50 milyonu bulacaktr.
D) Therefore
D) ini ziyaret eden turist saysndaki artn
E) Otherwise 50 milyona ulamasnn yaklak on yl
bulaca tahmin ediliyor.
18. V. E) ini ziyaret eden turist saysnn bu on
yln sonuna kadar yaklak 50 milyona
A) would find ykselecei tahmin edilmektedir.

B) have found

C) are going to find

D) were finding

E) had to find
22. Baz siyaset bilimciler, yeleri arasnda
derin duygusal ilikilerin var olduu
ailenin, ufak apta siyasal bir sistem gibi
olduunu ileri srmlerdir..

A) Some political scientists have argued that

the family, in which deep emotional
relationships exist between members, is
like a political system in miniature.

B) In the opinion of various political

scientists, the family, which consists of
members with deep emotional
relationships, can be compared to a minor
political system.

C) As a few political scientists have argued,

the family reminds one of a political
system in miniature, in which members
have deep emotional ties.

D) As pointed out by a number of political

scientists, the family, whose members are
emotionally bound together, resembles a
minor political system.

E) Some of the political scientists present

have suggested that the family, in which
members maintain strong emotional ties
with each other, is similar to a small
political system.
 Although an extension of the worldwide ban on
25. It is clear from the passage that the
ivory exports to discourage the illegal killing of international prohibition of ivory exports
African elephants has been greeted ----..
enthusiastically in many places, the
rhinoceroses (rhinos) of southern and eastern
A) has been strongly opposed by the
Africa are still paying with their lives for their
government of Zimbabwe
horns, which remain prized by the Chinese for
their medicinal and aphrodisiac qualities, and by B) has been totally ignored by the
the Yemenis for making dagger handles. governments of China and Yemen
According to a group, called Traffic, that
C) has been in force throughout Africa since
monitors the wildlife trade throughout the world,
the early 1960s
this illegal business is on the rise. Last month,
the group called for stronger international D) has completely prevented the illegal
cooperation along smuggling routes and for hunting of elephants in Africa and Asia
more secure management of legal horn
stocks.For its part, Zimbabwe, where there are a E) will be continued, and this has been
widely welcomed
lot of illegal killings, has taken a very radical
decision: it says it will start dehorning its rhinos.
Today only five species of rhino survive in Africa
and Asia. In the past, especially in the 19th and
20th centuries, they were slaughtered on a large
scale by white hunters. By the 1960s, fewer than
70, 000 black rhinos were left in Africa, and,
over the next two decades, illegal hunter swiped
out 96% of them. But since 1995, thanks to
vigorous conservation efforts, the number of
black rhinos has gone up again, to around 3,
700. The number of white rhinos has nearly
doubled over the same period, to over 14, 500.

23. As one learns from the passage, black

rhinos in Africa ----..

A) are preferred by the Yemenis over white

rhinos for making dagger handles

B) are so much in demand for medical uses

that the government of Zimbabwe is
devoting more resources to conserving
them

C) were hunted almost to extinction in the

past by Chinese doctors

D) were almost completely exterminated

during the 1970s and 1980s as a result of
illegal hunting

E) and white rhinos in Asia are the only

surviving species of rhinoceros in the
world

24. As is pointed out in the passage, there is -

---..

A) absolute indifference in the world towards

Zimbabwes decision to dehorn its rhinos

B) a full international consensus on the ending

of the wildlife trade in Zimbabwe

C) widespread illegal killing of wild animals in

Zimbabwe

D) now wide support for a new policy of limited

legal killing of African elephants

E) today an ongoing fall in the number of

African rhinos, especially in Zimbabwe
26. According to the passage, in view of the
growth of the illegal wildlife trade, the
group Traffic ----..

A) is concentrating on shutting down the

Chinese and Yemeni wildlife markets

B) has put a great deal of pressure on African

countries, especially Zimbabwe, to begin
dehorning their rhino populations

C) has increased its involvement in the

campaign to save African elephants from
extinction

D) is urging the international community to

step up its efforts to stop the smuggling

E) aims to have governments legalize what is

now the illegal business of wildlife trade

27. ---- However, most of the African art

known today is relatively recent; from
the 19th century or later. Very little
earlier, African art has survived,
primarily because it was made largely of
perishable materials such as wood,
cloth, and plant fibres, and because it
typically met with intensive use in
ceremonies and in daily life. Scholars of
African art base suppositions about
earlier art mainly on the art of the last
two centuries. But they can only guess
at the earlier traditions from which the
recent art developed..

A) Today, African art does not constitute a

single tradition.

B) Many surviving examples of African art

date from the 14th to the 17th century.

C) Each African culture produces its own

distinctive art and architecture.

D) African cultures design many utilitarian

objects with decorative schemes in mind.

E) The earliest known African sculptures are

sculpted clay heads and human figures.
28. Lucy : Is it true that China is slightly
larger in area than the US?
Kate : Thats what Ive read in a booklet
on China.
Lucy : ----
Kate : A varied topography indeed!
Besides, the Yangtze River is the third-
longest river in the world..

A) The principal mountain ranges are the

Tien Shan, the Kunlun chain, and the
Trans- Himalaya.

B) Moreover, from the map one can see that

the greater part of the country is
mountainous, and the Gobi Desert lies in
the North.

C) I understand it has three great river

systems : the Yellow River, the Yangtze
River, and the Pearl River.

D) The earliest recorded human settlements

have been discovered in the Huang Ho
basin.

E) As you know, in the southwest is Tibet,

which China annexed in 1950.
29. By all accounts, the operation was a
success, but the period of recuperation
looks like being a long one..
A) So long as the operation is carried out
successfully, the period of recuperation
that follows will be short.
B) Even if the operation is successful, it will
be a long time before he gets back to
normal.
C) Since the operation was only a partial
success, we mustnt expect a speedy
recovery.
D) The operation was a huge success, so he
is expected to be back to normal almost at
once.
E) The operation apparently went off well,
but quite some time may be required for
him to recover fully.
30. (I) El Salvador is a country tectonically
so volatile that its capital city has been
destroyed ten times in the past four
hundred years. (II) In Latin America, El
Salvador is not the first country to
switch to the dollar, nor is it likely to be
the last. (III) At least twelve major
earthquakes shook El Salvador during
the twentieth century. (IV) And in this
century, disaster did not wait long to
strike. (V) In early 2001, an earthquake
measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale
levelled much of the country, killing
almost a thousand people..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 A

2 A

3 D

4 B

5 E

6 B

7 A

8 B

9 C

10 C

11 B

12 D

13 B

14 B

15 A

16 B

17 E

18 C

19 E

20 A

21 E

22 A

23 D

24 C

25 E

26 D

27 B

28 B

29 E

30 B
11
1. In the 1990s the Belgian government 6. If he ---- with this rare congenital
was involved in numerous scandals that disorder at this early age, treatment ----
contaminated it with a reputation for less successful..
incompetence and ----..
A) hasn't been diagnosed / had been
A) participation
B) weren't diagnosed / was
B) despair
C) wouldn't be diagnosed / will be
C) corruption
D) hadn't been diagnosed / would have been
D) dislike
E) isn't diagnosed / has been
E) certainty
7. A priori knowledge ---- Western
2. Satellite television transmission now philosophy is knowledge that is
makes it ---- for us to watch events as independent ---- all particular
they unfold in other countries.. experiences, as opposed to a posteriori
knowledge, which derives from
experience alone..
A) worldwide

B) substantial A) at / for
C) aware B) in / of
D) commonplace C) through / by
E) liable D) beside / towards

E) with / from
3. There has been increasing pressure in
the US to ---- the amount of funding
allocated to foreign aid, and instead, use 8. ---- she gave up smoking, she has
the funds to improve the domestic enjoyed the best of health..
economy..
A) Although
A) make up for
B) If
B) point out to
C) Since
C) keep up with
D) For
D) cut down on
E) When
E) take up with
9. In the Renaissance period, there was a
4. The EU ---- that the establishment of the wide range of classical texts available to
International Criminal Court ---- a humanist scholars, ---- some of these
milestone achievement in global human texts had survived only in fragments or
rights protection.. were only available in Greek..

A) believed / may have represented A) so long as

B) had believed / has represented B) before

C) has believed / represented C) whether

D) believes / represents D) in case

E) would have believed / had represented E) but

5. ---- into Latin, the works of Aristotle survived

in Europe only in this form after ---- there for
many centuries..

A) Translated / having been lost

B) To be translated / losing

C) Translating / to lose

D) Being translated / having lost

E) To have translated / lost

10. In vertebrates, the central nervous
system (CNS) consists of a brain and a
spinal cord, which are linked to the
body's muscles and organs ---- the
peripheral nervous system..

A) with regard to

B) instead of

C) in case of

D) by means of

E) according to
11. Some people can easily recover from
their disappointments, whereas ---- are
depressed by even minor setbacks..

A) others

B) the other

C) another

D) other

E) any

12. Great works of art seem to be ----

inexhaustible and unpredictable ---- real
human beings..

A) both / and

B) as / as

C) as well as / than

D) more / from

E) so / or

13. Emily Dickinson, ---- is a famous New

England poet of the nineteenth century,
published only seven poems in her life
time..

A) whose

B) whom

C) which

D) about whom

E) who
 The design and construction of foundations are
19. As the Hubble Space Telescope
largely controlled by the contours or falls of the continues its mission, ----..
site and the type of subsoil. Site falls (I) ---- 1 in
20 usually require special methods of foundation
A) Edwin Hubble encouraged this idea in
construction. Gravel or chalk are good sub-soils
connection with his own research
(II) ---- they do not hold moisture, and(III) ----
heavy loads. They are, (IV) ---- ,economical and B) Eta Carinae is one of the most massive
do not vary in bulk with the vagaries of the stars known in the Milky Way, and is
weather and temperature. Most rocks are thought to be on the verge of becoming a
eminently (V)---- but usually expensive to work. gigantic supernova

C) millions of people have already learned a

great deal about the solar system
14. I.
D) we tend to think of science in terms of
great minds coming up with great ideas
A) replacing
E) it sends home new revelations about the
B) completing life and death of stars and the nature of
our expanding universe
C) exceeding

D) reducing 20. Although geologists tended to dismiss

the attempt of the physicist Kelvin to
E) surviving estimate the age of Earth as being too
simplistic, ----. .
15. II.
A) the theory of continental drift might have
A) just been accepted decades earlier

B) or B) early nineteenth-century geologists

largely accepted that Earth was of
C) unless unlimited age

D) since C) many people believe that his calculation

failed through his ignorance of
E) besides radioactivity

D) Kelvin began writing on this subject when

16. III.
he was 16

A) can support E) the model he used has in fact proved very

useful in geology
B) have supported

C) would support 21. New Zealand was the first country in the
world to give women in 1893 the right to
D) supported vote..

E) could support
A) 1893te dnyada kadnlara ilk seme hakk
verilen lke Yeni Zelandadr.
17. IV.
B) Dnyada kadnlara 1893te ilk seme
hakkn veren lke Yeni Zelanda olmutur.
A) on the other hand
C) Yeni Zelanda, dnyada, kadnlara 1893te
B) moreover
seme hakk veren ilk lkeydi.
C) in contrast
D) Dnyada kadnlara ilk seme hakk,
D) occasionally 1893te Yeni Zelandada verilmitir.

E) regrettably E) Kadnlara 1893te seme hakk verilen

dnyadaki ilk lke, Yeni Zelanda idi.

18. V.

A) incapable

B) comparable

C) suitable

D) disruptive

E) conditional
22. Gs kanseri hakkndaki korkunun bir
ksm, bu hastaln tehlikelerine ilikin
yanl bilgiye ve yanl anlamaya
dayanmaktadr..

A) There is so much misinformation as well

as misunderstanding about the risks of
breast cancer that it has led to a great
deal of fear about this disease.

B) There is so much misinformation as well

as misunderstanding about the risks of
breast cancer that it has led to a great
deal of fear about this disease.

C) The risks of breast cancer are such that

misinformation and misunderstanding
about this disease have been the cause of
much fear.

D) Some of the fear about breast cancer is

based on misinformation and
misunderstanding concerning the risks of
this disease

E) Breast cancer involves various risks, but

some of the fear about this disease mainly
derives from misinformation and
misunderstanding concerning it.
 Many governments these days feel that the path
25. According to the passage, the OECD
to happiness for society as a whole lies through carried out its investigation of child
spending on the welfare of its youngest welfare in its members ----..
members:their health, education, and general
well-being. A recent report from a leading
A) to see if their stated goals were being
international organization, the OECD, examined
reached
these efforts among its 30 member countries in
order to learn if the aim was being achieved. B) because many governments believe that
Specifically, the researchers investigated 21 spending on child welfare leads to societal
variables that were then grouped into six main happiness
categories. The results surprisingly showed that
C) in order to learn where government funds
while some kinds of spending on children do directed at child welfare were being
work, many should be improved or scrapped. wasted
Also, total government spending per child was
seen to vary considerably, as did outcomes, but D) to prove that more spending on child
the correlation between these was not strong. welfare guarantees positive results
Moreover, the differences in spending levels
E) despite the fact that a key correlation was
among countries were not directly linked to their weak
relative levels of prosperity.For example, rich
Sweden is, as expected, kind to its children, but
poorish Hungary turns out to be generous, too.
Up-and-coming South Korea might be expected
to be a bit reluctant to part with so much
money, but the stinginess of Switzerland is
totally unexpected. Childrens lobbies always
want more refunds, but the OECD report
suggests that more money does not reliably
yield better results. America has one of the
highest levels of spending per child, and among
the worst outcomes. In contrast, Australia
spends less, with better outcomes.

23. The passage points out that an OECD

member countrys level of prosperity in
relation to other members ----..

A) will determine if its child-welfare

programmes should be improved or
scrapped

B) is associated with the constant efforts of

childrens lobbies to obtain more funds

C) generally convinces it to be more

generous in providing for its children

D) depends on its geographic location

E) was shown to have almost no connection

to its amount of spending on child welfare

24. The passage makes it clear that typical

expectations about a countrys spending
on child welfare ----..

A) often match the reality found by the

researchers

B) can easily turn out to be wrong

C) are essentially the same for most of the

OECD

D) cannot be separated from its record in the

six main categories

E) do not take into consideration all the 21

variables studied by the researchers
26. The passage mentions the case of
Australia in order to demonstrate ----..

A) a contrast with other members of the

OECD

B) the resistance of some OECD members to

the pressures coming from childrens
lobbies

C) the similarities between it and America in

terms of their child-welfare policies

D) the wisdom of the Swiss governments

decisions affecting child welfare in
Switzerland

E) how spending relatively less on child

welfare doesnt necessarily produce
harmful results

27. Sensing the emotional states of others is

an important part of social interaction. If
you do not do this well, you may end up
unintentionally annoying or offending
those in your social circle. ---- You can
strengthen friendships by recognizing
when a person is sad and looking for
appropriate comfort, for example. To
succeed in business, you also need to
accurately detect the emotions of other
people when proposing a new idea or
deciding when to ask for promotion..

A) You cannot help but communicate your

mood to colleagues and neighbours
through subtle cues.

B) Some people find it virtually impossible to

detect other peoples feelings and have
difficulty relating to others.

C) In the past, scientists focused largely on a

region of the brain responsible for
detecting emotional hints.

D) Researchers have found that cues such as

posture and tone of voice are critical to
nonverbal communication.

E) Detecting emotional hints is critical to

success in many domains such as
friendships and business.
28. Ralph : Ive learned that there are many
details to learn about the maintenance
of home aquariums.
Dick : ----
Ralph : At first glance, its true. But do
you know that even the decorative
materials used in aquariums should be
placed properly? Otherwise, for example,
they may obstruct the filter pipes.
Dick : Really? I hadnt thought of that
before..

A) Yes. For example, fish dont disrupt the

cleanliness of the home with messy fur or
feathers.

B) Right; routine maintenance only requires a

few minutes of your attention daily,
supplemented by an hour or so once a
week.

C) Oh, are there? Ive always thought that

looking after an aquarium is very easy.

D) Anyone knows that keeping an aquarium

is expensive.

E) In fact, I am as interested as you are in

aquariums.
29. Everyone seems to be on edge these
days, but with the elections so near that
is hardly surprising. .
A) The approaching elections seem to have
caused a higher than average amount of
friction between people.
B) As elections are drawing near, we can
expect such displays of bad-temper.
C) The approach of the elections is no excuse
for such displays of bad-temper.
D) Nowadays tempers everywhere are
frayed, which, I suppose, is only natural,
with election day so close.
E) With elections so close its essential that
everyone makes an effort to stay calm.
30. (I) Earthquakes are the result of forces
deep within Earths interior that
continuously affect its surface. (II) The
energy from these forces is stored in a
variety of ways within the rocks. (III)
Although the Richter Scale has no upper
limit, the largest known shocks have had
magnitudes in the 8.8 to 8.9 range. (IV)
When this energy is released suddenly
by rupturing movements along faults in
the crust of Earth, an earthquake
results. (V) The area of the fault where
the sudden rupture takes place is called
the focus of the earthquake, while the
point on Earths surface directly above
the focus is called the epicentre of the
earthquake..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 C

2 D

3 D

4 D

5 A

6 D

7 B

8 C

9 E

10 D

11 A

12 B

13 E

14 C

15 D

16 A

17 B

18 C

19 E

20 E

21 C

22 D

23 E

24 B

25 A

26 E

27 E

28 C

29 D

30 C
12
1. What are some of the things that 5. The recovery and identification of plant
differentially affect siblings and help ---- remains from archaeological contexts
their success or failure? . are merely the first steps in a wide-
ranging series of research issues that ----
up paleoethnobotany, also ---- as
A) pursue
archaeobotany..
B) recognize
A) made / knowing
C) recreate
B) will make / is known
D) determine
C) make / known
E) reinstate
D) has made / having known
2. By the start of the 1990s, popular music
E) had made / is to be known
had become ---- globalized, with seventy
per cent of all production resting in the
hands of just five companies..

A) possibly

B) rarely

C) negligently

D) significantly

E) respectively

3. The trouble with golf as a hobby is that

it ---- too much of ones time..

A) turns over

B) looks for

C) gives up

D) puts out

E) takes up

4. Cabbage ---- as early as 2000 B.C., and

the commercial varieties now ----
Brussels sprouts, common cabbage,
sprouting broccoli, and kohlrabi..

A) might have been cultivated / have

included

B) had been cultivated / included

C) would be cultivated / used to include

D) would have been cultivated / can include

E) was cultivated / include

6. If she ---- energy-spending activities into
her daily routine when she was younger,
she ---- a weight control programme
today..

A) could incorporate / doesnt have to attend

B) incorporated / didnt have to attend

C) would incorporate / wouldnt have had to

attend

D) had incorporated / wouldnt have to

attend

E) was able to incorporate / hadnt had to

attend

7. Foreign policy is composed of the goals

sought, values set, decisions made and
actions taken ---- states and the national
governments acting ---- their behalf..

A) by / on

B) about / for

C) at / from

D) over / between

E) in / among

8. The Danish poet and novelist Jeppe

Aakjr grew up in the Jutland farming
area and ---- was well aware of the harsh
conditions endured by farm labourers in
his country..

A) on the contrary

B) even so

C) so

D) still

E) nevertheless
9. Deep-sea diving can cause medical
problems ---- air embolism and
decompression sickness, which can be
fatal if not treated promptly..

A) as regards

B) as far as

C) also

D) such as

E) just as

10. ---- mechanical impact, certain impurities

would make such explosives unstable if
they were stored in warm conditions..

A) Involving

B) Including

C) In case

D) Contrary to

E) Even without
11. The body is composed of many different
types of cells, ---- with its own structure
and function..

A) each

B) the one

C) all

D) many

E) both

12. Some people reckon that, in the

workplace, being popular is ----
Important ---- being effective.

A) more / while

B) so / that

C) too / for

D) even / enough

E) as / as

13. The anaemia of folate deficiency, ----

DNA synthesis slows and the bodys cells
lose their ability to divide, is
characterized by large, immature blood
cells..

A) in which

B) for whom

C) how

D) in that

E) why
 Nuclear energy is now making a serious come
19. Twenty years have passed since the
back. The design(I) ---- of the new nuclear accident at Chernobyl ----..
reactors have taken a huge step forward. (II) -
---being safer and less (III) ---- to terrorism than
A) when many of the studies have been
current nuclear plants, the new reactor (IV) ----
showing an elevated rate of mutations
double duty; it has to generate electricity and
among the animals in the area
produce hydrogen which is the probable
automobile fuel (V) ---- the future. B) so that scientists studying the effects find
themselves in unpopular positions

C) wherever policy makers want concrete

14. I. conclusions and results, not probability
estimates on the dangers of radiation
A) delays exposure

B) complexities D) because many public servants do not

share the scientists enthusiasm for the
C) facilities scientific process

D) requirements E) but the extent to which people and the

environment have been harmed is still
E) replacements being hotly debated

15. II. 20. One of the most important aspects of our

planets evolution is the formation of the
atmosphere, ----..
A) Even so

B) On the other hand A) if continents and oceans, encircled by an

oxygen-rich atmosphere, support familiar
C) As regards
life forms
D) In contrast
B) although such constant change has
E) Besides characterized Earth since its beginning
some 4.5 billion years ago

16. III. C) whether understanding the carbon dioxide

content of the early atmosphere is crucial
for understanding climatic control
A) vulnerable
D) because it is this assemblage of gases
B) impulsive
that allowed life to come out of the oceans
C) conducive and to be sustained

D) compulsive E) as continental shift has been altering the

face of Earth for nearly a billion years
E) disruptive
21. If a person has a family history of a
17. IV. certain disease, it is a powerful indicator
of his/her tendency to contract that
disease..
A) had to do

B) must have done A) Bir hastaln aile iindeki yks, kiinin

bu hastala yakalanma eilimini ortaya
C) must be done koyan en gl belirtidir.
D) must do B) Bir ailedeki bireylerin hastalk ykleri, o
ailedeki bireylerin hastala yakalanma
E) would have to do
eilimini ortaya koyar.

18. V. C) Kiinin belirli bir hastala yakalanma

eilimi, en doru biimde, ailesinin
hastalk yksnden belirlenebilir.
A) at
D) Kiinin belirli bir hastala yakalanma
B) to eiliminin en gl belirtisi, o hastaln
aile yksdr.
C) with
E) Kiinin belirli bir hastalkla ilgili aile yks
D) over
varsa bu, onun o hastala yakalanma
E) of eiliminin gl bir gstergesidir.
22. Siyas bir dahi, ancak bir ekonomi
amatr olan Bakan Bill Clintonn en
kayda deer baars, Beyaz Sarayda
bulunduu sekiz yl boyunca,
Amerikann ekonomik temeline
gerekten yeni bir g katlmasdr..

A) During the eight years President Bill

Clinton was in the White House, the
American economic base was remarkably
strengthened by the truly new power
which, as an economic amateur, but a
political genius, he put into it.

B) During his eight years in the White House,

President Bill Clinton, who was a political
genius but an economic amateur,
achieved great success by adding a great
deal of new power to the heart of the
American economy.

C) As a political genius, but an economic

amateur, President Bill Clintons most
controversial success was in fact the new
power which he injected into the core of
the American economy during his eight
years in the White House.

D) During the eight years he spent in the

White House, President Bill Clinton, a
political genius, though an economic
amateur, put real new power into
Americas economic base.

E) The most remarkable achievement of

President Bill Clinton, who was a political
genius but an economic amateur, was
that, during the eight years he was in the
White House, truly new power was added
to Americas economic base.
 He is young, dark, and handsome, with a
beautiful light tenor voice, and he swept the
Latin Grammy Awards in 2008. But should Juan
Esteban Aristizabal, better known as Juanes,
perform his songs at an upcoming 'peace
concert' in the Cuban capital, Havana? The
debate over this Colombian rock star, who is
based in the US city of Miami, has been raging
on that citys Spanish-language radio and
television shows. Older Cuban-Americans, who
left Cuba in the immediate aftermath of the
1959 revolution there, vehemently oppose the
concert.They argue that it is just the latest
attempt by the Cuban regime to manipulate
public opinion.Traditionally, these older exiles
have held all the political power in Miami. But
younger ones are pushing back, especially when
it comes to the arts.Beyond the overall Cuban-
American community, the Juanes concert is seen
as a potential great turning point in US-Cuban
relations. A successful outcome could smooth
the way for a further softening in American
policy towards Cuba. Artists other than Juanes
have attempted this kind of bridge-building with
Cuba before; for example, left-leaning musicians
like Bonnie Raitt and The Police appeared there
in 1999, but they had an overtly political
agenda.However, Juanes himself, who is widely
admired for his humanitarian work in his native
Colombia, denies having any thought of politics.
'My only message is one of peace, of
humanitarianism, and of tolerance, 'he said
recently.
24. We learn from the passage that older
Cuban-Americans oppose Juaness
concert because ----..
A) they believe the Cuban government is
using him for propaganda purposes
B) Miamis Spanish-language radio and
television programs have been severely
criticizing it
C) they are disturbed by the younger Cuban-
Americans artistic choices
D) they left Cuba soon after the 1959
revolution
E) they never want to see a further softening
in American policy towards Cuba
25. In the passage, it is clear that Juanes -
---..
A) wishes he were Cuban instead of
Colombian
B) claims to have no political purpose with
his planned concert
C) has a tense, hostile relationship with the
Cuban- American community in Miami
D) is more concerned with his own career
than with helping people in need
E) was invited to perform in Havana because
of the Latin Grammy Awards he had won
earlier

23. The passage states that the relationship

between the US and Cuban governments
----..

A) depends on the approval of the older

Cuban- American exiles

B) has been affected by the debate over

Juanes taking place in Miamis Spanish-
language media

C) will change now that younger Cuban-

Americans are disagreeing with the older
generation

D) may become friendlier if the Juanes

concert in Havana goes well

E) was greatly improved by the appearance

in Havana of Bonnie Raitt and The Police
26. We can infer from the passage that the
overall Cuban-American community ----..

A) loves pro-Cuban musical artists like

Bonnie Raitt and The Police

B) believes that Juanes is lying about his

reasons for performing in Havana

C) is much more emotional about US-Cuban

relations than the wider American public is

D) does not speak or understand English very

well

E) has almost no interest in the arts

27. In ancient Egypt most people were poor,
living in crowded conditions in simple
mud-brick dwellings. During the period
of prosperity, however, skilled artisans,
such as jewellers, goldsmiths, and the
like, could elevate themselves and enjoy
nicer surroundings. ---- The vast majority
of Egyptians, however, were peasants
who, as unskilled labourers, provided
the brute force necessary for agriculture
and construction. Beneath them were
slaves, typically captives from foreign
wars rather than native Egyptians..

A) There can be little doubt that the massive

investment of labour and wealth required
to build the great pyramids put grave
strains on Egyptian society.

B) The pyramids were in fact raised by tens

of thousands of peasant workers, who
most probably participated willingly in the
building projects.

C) Governmental control over the lives of

individual Egyptians was very strict, and
the number of administrative officials
employed by the state was quite high.

D) Potters, weavers, masons, bricklayers,

brewers, merchants, and schoolteachers
also enjoyed a higher standard of living.

E) Gender divisions may have been less

clearly defined among the peasantry than
they were among the elites.

28. Chris : Did you know that several years

ago Luciano Pavarotti released his first
solo album of Italian pop songs?
Robert : No, I didnt. I wonder what other
tenors thought of this.
Chris : ----
Robert : In which case, I suppose opera
fans are also accepting the situation..

A) Well, at first they were not in favour of it,

but now they are doing the same thing
themselves!

B) It was at least 20 years ago that his record

company asked him to make this album.

C) As far as I know, it was the song Caruso

that made him do it.

D) He asked three well-known singers to join

him, but for some reason they said no.

E) I dont know. Presumably, they were

annoyed.
29. If the film focuses on terrorism, it is not
likely to attract large audiences. .

A) Films that focus on terrorism are not as

popular as they used to be.

B) If terrorism is central to the film, it

probably wont achieve much popularity.

C) As the film touches on terrorism we cant

expect it to be popular.

D) Unless there is at least a background of

terrorism to the film, it wont be a hit.

E) If you want the film to be a box-office

success, choose any subject but terrorism

30. (I) We have moved backwards in the last

50 or so years. (II) An international
collaboration similar to the one that
gave birth to Concorde is unthinkable
under present day conditions. (IIII) It's
not that the technology isn't available or
even that a prestigious aircraft wouldn't
be financially viable. (IV) The story of
Concorde's long and challenging journey
to full commercial flight certification is
one of the most notable developments in
aviation history. (V) It's more that the
will and daring that made Concorde
possible aren't part of the scene today,
in the way they were in the 1960s..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 D

2 D

3 E

4 E

5 C

6 D

7 A

8 C

9 D

10 E

11 A

12 E

13 A

14 D

15 E

16 A

17 D

18 E

19 E

20 D

21 E

22 E

23 D

24 A

25 B

26 C

27 D

28 A

29 B

30 D
13
1. The genetic fingerprinting technique, 5. Over the past two decades, the
which was developed in the UK and is Corsicans ---- their idyllic island, which
now used as a ---- of legal identification, was wrested by France from the Genoese
determines the pattern of certain parts in 1768, ---- into terrorism, corruption
of the genetic material DNA that is and economic decline..
unique to each individual..
A) have seen / sink
A) benefit
B) had seen / sank
B) structure
C) saw / to sink
C) sufficiency
D) would have seen / had sunk
D) combination
E) would see / had been sinking
E) means

2. China and India serve as models for

Africa because their experiences hold
lessons for developing countries on how
to manage ---- economic and political
transformation..

A) deceitful

B) persuasive

C) accessible

D) irregular

E) gradual

3. The movement of electrons within

electromagnetic waves ---- some of the
waves energy, affecting the properties
of the wave and how it travels..

A) tells off

B) puts in

C) finds out

D) uses up

E) goes around

4. Cosmologists are addressing some of the

fundamental questions that people ---- to
resolve over the centuries through
philosophical thinking, but they ---- this
based on systematic observation and
quantitative methodology..

A) would attempt / have done

B) attempt / will do

C) may attempt / did

D) attempted / should do

E) have attempted / are doing

6. If the birth rate in India ---- controlled,
the population ---- in the next 25 or 30
years, increasing from about 900 million
to about 1, 800 million..

A) is not / will double

B) will not be/doubles

C) has not been / would double

D) would not be / could have doubled

E) was not / would have doubled

7. Economists take pride ---- the

sophisticated statistical techniques ----
which they rely to analyze phenomena
such as growth rates, inflation,
unemployment, trade and fiscal
practices..

A) at / for

B) about / from

C) over / by

D) out of / through

E) in / on

8. ---- the US and Brazil both occupy the

American continent, the northern
location of the former and the southern
location of the latter plainly mark a real
distinction and bring important policy
consequences..

A) As long as

B) Now that

C) Only if

D) After

E) Although
9. Little Caesar, often called the
grandfather of the gangster movie, was
produced at the beginning of the sound
era, and ---- it shows its age in some
areas, it is still an effective thriller..

A) even

B) because

C) while

D) so

E) besides

10. Lycopene is an important part of the

bodys cell protection system which
neutralizes free radicals and ----
decreases the risk of cardiovascular
disease..

A) on the contrary

B) on the way

C) as well

D) yet

E) in this way
11. The hard truth is that money alone, ----
form it takes, is unlikely to solve
Germany's demographic problems..
A) which
13. Highlights of the Great Wisconsin Cheese
Festival include cheesecake contests and
cheese-carving, ---- sculptors transform
18 kg blocks of cheddar cheese into
objects of beauty..

B) what A) from that

C) however B) how
D) whatever C) what
E) whoever D) in which

E) whatever
12. The micro air vehicles they are working
on are ---- small that it will be almost
impossible to detect them with radar..

A) too

B) as

C) such

D) so

E) more
 Towards the end of the 19th century the
19. Surely thats the boy ----. .
typewriter was already becoming popular, and
new models rapidly followed (I) ---- . In
particular, designers (II) ---- ways of making A) that his sister won the painting
competition
them smaller and lighter. Aluminum came to
their aid. Up to that time aluminum had been B) who sang so beautifully at the concert last
(III) ----expensive for use in anything except night
luxury items. But, following the discovery in
1886 of an electrolytic refining method the (IV) - C) unless he sent us the heavy box
--- had increased and the price had accordingly
D) whether his bicycle has been repaired
(V) ----.
E) which everyone is talking about

14. I. 20. I asked my little three-year-old niece -

---..
A) one another
A) whether her mother has gone out
B) each one
B) who she was going to invite to her party
C) the next
C) that she liked going to the zoo
D) another
D) why she has made her little brother cry
E) the other one
E) what her mother is making for dinner
15. II.
21. The Niagara Falls are one of the great
natural wonders of the world although
A) are seeking they are not as high as the Keieteur Falls
B) would seek in British Guyana..

C) have sought A) Dnyadaki byk doa oluumlarndan biri

olan Niagara alayan, ngiliz
D) sought
Guyanasndaki Kaieteur alayan kadar
E) would be seeking yksek saylmaz.

B) ngiliz Guyanasndaki Kaieteur alayan

16. III. kadar yksek olmayan Niagara alayan,
dnyann en muhteem doa oluumudur.
A) such C) Niagara alayan, her ne kadar dnyann
byk doa harikalarndan biri olsa da
B) too
ngiliz Guyanasndaki Kaieteur alayan
C) more gibi ok yksek deildir.

D) as D) Dnyann byk doa harikalarndan olan

Niagara alayan ve ngiliz
E) so Guyanasndaki Kaieteur alayan, ok
yksek deildirler.
17. IV. E) Niagara alayan, ngiliz Guyanasndaki
Kaieteur alayan kadar yksek olmasa
A) supply da, dnyann byk doa harikalarndan
biridir.
B) excess

C) cost

D) amount

E) process

18. V.

A) risen

B) fallen

C) exchanged

D) ceased

E) delayed
22. klim deiiklii ile ilgili ou bilim
adam, kentlerin, evrelerinden daha
scak olduu ve bulut oluumuna neden
olan dikey hava akmlar yaratt
grndedir..

A) Most scientists concerned with climate

change are of the opinion that cities are
hotter than their surroundings and create
updrafts of air causing cloud formation.

B) A number of scientists dealing with

climate change maintain that, as cities are
much hotter than the surrounding
environment, updrafts of air occur over
them and lead to cloud formation.

C) As many scientists studying climate

change have suggested, since cities are
relatively warmer than their surroundings,
there are updrafts of air over them which
bring about cloud formation.

D) Many scientists who are experts in climate

change are convinced that cloud
formation results from updrafts of air over
cities, which are usually hotter than their
surroundings.

E) A lot of scientists who are specialists in

climate change have argued that, because
cities are far hotter than their
surroundings, this causes updrafts of air
which lead to cloud formation.
 For the past 300 years, musicians and scientists
25. It is clearly pointed out in the passage
have puzzled over the unparalleled quality of that the quality of Stradivarius violins -
classical Cremonese violins made by the Italian ---..
master Antonio Stradivari. These classical violins
have become the benchmark against which the
A) has been measured according to the
sound of all other violins is compared. There are
standards specified almost 300 years ago
many theories as to the 'secret' of Stradivarius
violins. What was obviously first explored was B) has only been equalled in very recent
the exact size of the violins and ratio of the times
parts to each other. Although instrument makers
C) is a criterion by which the quality of sound
have disassembled their violins, calibrated every
of all violins is measured
dimension of the pieces to within the hundredth
of an inch, and replicated the measurements D) is by no means a standard one
perfectly in new instruments, they have failed to
duplicate the Stradivarius magic. It is also well- E) is rarely appreciated except by those who
known that the density of the material through play a violin
which a sound propagates influences
significantly the vibration efficiency of the
material, therefore the tonal qualities of the
instrument. It is also a widely held belief that
Stradivaris well-guarded varnish formula was
not just a protective coating of the instrument,
but actually the most important secret to his
violins.

23. It is stressed in the passage that ----..

A) the real secret to Stradivarius violins has

later been revealed to be the varnish
formula

B) what actually makes Stradivarius violins

unique is still a mystery

C) the high quality of Stradivarius violins has

only been successfully copied after 300
years

D) the basic reason for the Stradivarius

quality was the density of the material
used

E) if contemporary instrument makers were

able to duplicate the exact ratio of the
Stradivarius violin, they would produce its
equal in the quality of sound

24. We understand from the passage that -

---..

A) Antonio Stradivari was distinguished as a

skilful violin player

B) Antonio Stradivari failed to achieve the

quality of classical Cremonese violins

C) the exact size of Stradivarius violins was

reproduced only after 300 years

D) it has been a professional challenge to

understand the nature of Stradivarius
violins

E) some violin makers have claimed to have

discovered the secret of Stradivarius
violins
26. According to the passage, there is a
close relationship between ----..

A) the density of the material of a violin and

the tonal quality

B) the protective coating of a violin and the

vibration efficiency

C) the exact size of the violin and the

instrument maker

D) the value of a Stradivarius violin and the

material it is made of

E) Cremonese violins and all other violins

27. The Renaissance, as both a period and a

concept, continues to generate lively
debate about its origins and influence on
European culture and thought. ----. Any
new evaluation of the historical
significance of the Renaissance requires
attention to these kinds of primary
evidence..

A) As the Renaissance slowly spread across

Western Europe, each nation made its
own distinctive contribution to the era

B) Recent research has emphasized the need

to look again at original texts, documents,
and artefacts

C) A glance at the history of the preceding

centuries shows that after the dissolution
of the Roman Empire, there was no
possibility of any intellectual revival

D) The great achievements of the

Renaissance were the discovery of the
world and the discovery of man

E) The Italian Renaissance had placed human

beings once more in the centre of lifes
stage and infused thought and art with
humanistic values
28. James : Hows your philosophy course
going?
Peter : Its hard to say. It certainly
requires a lot of effort.
James : ----
Peter : No. Quite the opposite. In the
main, it consists of learning to look at
the old and familiar facts in a new and
fresh way..

A) Which of the great philosophers are you

going to study?

B) But are you enjoying it?

C) Well, I hope youre finding it interesting!

D) I might take the course next year.

E) Why? Are there a lot of facts to learn?

29. People have usually assumed that this
mountain village was abandoned
because easier living conditions were
available elsewhere..

A) The prospect of better living conditions in

another place must have tempted the
inhabitants to desert this mountain
village.

B) Apparently, people abandoned this

mountain village, tempted by the prospect
of a better way of life elsewhere.

C) It must have been hard to make a

livelihood in this mountain village, so
people opted out and went in search of an
easier way of life.

D) The mountain village was presumably

abandoned when people realized that
easier conditions were on offer elsewhere

E) It has generally been presumed that

people deserted this mountain village
because there was the prospect of a
pleasanter way of life in another place.

30. (I) Between 1800 and the middle of the

twentieth century, the worldwide
population roughly tripled, rising from 1
to 3 billion. (II) Like past scientific
investigations directed at humankind,
genetics has raised fundamental
questions about ethics and humanity.
(III) Between 1960 and 2000, however,
the population doubled again, to 6 billion
or more. (IV) Obviously, improvements in
basic standards of health have
contributed to this dramatic increase.
(V) Yet such growth has strained the
capacity of social services, public-health
facilities, and urban infrastructures..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 E

2 E

3 D

4 E

5 A

6 A

7 E

8 E

9 C

10 E

11 D

12 D

13 D

14 A

15 D

16 B

17 A

18 B

19 B

20 B

21 E

22 A

23 B

24 D

25 C

26 A

27 B

28 E

29 E

30 B
14
1. Until the sixteenth century, when the 5. In recent years, psychologists and
first international postal agreement was cognitive neuroscientists ---- that the
----, there was no postal system as we distinct parts of our brain allow us ----,
know it today.. collaborate and communicate with each
other..
A) assigned
A) revealed / to be interacting
B) maintained
B) have revealed / to interact
C) enacted
C) had revealed / to have interacted
D) seized
D) were revealing / interacting
E) conducted
E) reveal/ having interacted
2. In the opinion of most scientists,
engineering does not ---- offer
universally acceptable solutions. .

A) randomly

B) previously

C) necessarily

D) excessively

E) extremely

3. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO2), a

naturally occurring greenhouse gas, has
been ---- as a result of activities such as
the burning of fossil fuels and
deforestation..

A) setting out

B) building up

C) going out

D) coming in

E) reaching up

4. In an article published in 1990, scientists

of the National Institute of Medical
Research ---- more than 300 biological
theories that ---- to account for
senescence the progressive and
general deterioration that accompanies
aging in humans..

A) were reviewing / attempted

B) have reviewed / should attempt

C) reviewed / had attempted

D) would review / have attempted

E) may have reviewed / attempt

6. If Atatrk ---- his country to victory in
the War of Independence (1919-1923),
Turkey ---- only as an inland state in
central Anatolia..

A) would not have led / had survived

B) did not lead / survived

C) had not led / would have survived

D) has not led / would survive

E) would not lead / will have survived

7. Scientists have studied the health status

of native people in the South Pacific ----
decades, and have noted the explosion
of diet-related disease ---- the area..

A) for / in

B) throughout / over

C) through / about

D) by / off

E) of / at

8. ---- photographers require short

exposures to capture fast moving
objects, chemists need short laser pulses
to study rapid reactions..

A) In contrast

B) In spite of

C) In case

D) Since

E) Just as
9. ---- fiction gives something more than
pleasure, it hardly justifies itself as a
subject of study..

A) Because

B) Unless

C) When

D) If

E) After

10. Silicon-on-insulator technology, which

has helped improve chip performance
considerably, has become cheaper and
easier to adopt, ---- a technology called
Smart Cut ..

A) apart from

B) as regards

C) according to

D) thanks to

E) with respect to
11. The nucleus is surrounded by a number 13. Lead was used for centuries to make the
of moving electrons, ---- of which has a pipes ---- water flowed from reservoirs to
negative charge equal to the positive houses and public buildings such as
charge on a proton.. baths. .

A) both A) through which

B) much B) with which

C) less C) on which

D) more D) at which

E) each E) of which

12. When modern coastal fish-farming began

30 years ago, no one was doing things
right, ---- for the environment ---- the
industrys long-term sustainability..

A) whether / or

B) such / as

C) so / that

D) either / or

E) as / as
 In the past a significant amount of the acid in
18. V.
rainfall was neutralized by alkaline materials,
notably the calcium-rich minerals in wind blown
dusts. But recently there has been a slow (I) ---- A) through
in levels of alkaline materials in the air; this is B) from
partly because there are fewer unpaved roads
which were an important (II) ---- of dust in the C) of
past. Recently, ammonia emissions(III) ---- on
D) to
the increase in many parts of the world. One
might presume that this is a good thing because E) out of
ammonia is alkaline. Unfortunately, however, it
(IV) ---- with SO2 to produce ammonium
sulphate, which is converted (V) ----nitric acid in
soil.

14. I.

A) replacement

B) discrepancy

C) prevention

D) decline

E) relief

15. II.

A) delivery

B) improvement

C) source

D) action

E) expression

16. III.

A) would be

B) have been

C) would have been

D) had been

E) are being

17. IV.

A) impairs

B) accumulates

C) relates

D) exchanges

E) reacts
19. If we had run to catch the bus, ----..

A) the others have warned us about the

heavy traffic

B) we could get to the library before it closed

C) I dropped my glasses on the pavement

D) we may have attended the lecture

E) it wouldnt have been necessary to take a

taxi

20. The manager promised to promote her -

---..

A) if she has proved far more efficient than

any of the other employees

B) that she has really deserved it

C) as she had been working for the company

for so many years

D) unless there was a good reason for doing

so

E) until the companys annual budget is

approved

21. Another method, used to prevent large

avalanches, is to dislodge snow masses
on mountain sides before they can grow
big and become dangerous..

A) Da yamalarndaki kar ynlarnn

datlmas byk lar engellemenin bir
baka yoludur, ama bu yntemin tehlike
bymeden uygulanmas gerekir.

B) Byk lara engel olmak iin kullanlan

bir baka yntem, da yamalarndaki kar
ynlarn, byyp tehlikeli olmadan
yerlerinden oynatmaktr.

C) Dalardaki kar ynlar, byyp tehlikeli

hale gelmeden yerlerinden hareket
ettirilirse, bu yntem byk lar
engelleyebilir.

D) Byk lara engel olmada kullanlan bir

baka yntem, da yamalarnda bulunan
kar ynlar tehlikeli olmaya
baladklarnda bunlara mdahale
etmektir.

E) Dalarn srtlarnda oluan kar ynlar

bymeden ve tehlikeli olmadan nce
datlrsa, bu yntem, byk larn
meydana gelmesini engeller.
22. ou oyunda, bize sunulan dnya ne
denli gerek d olursa olsun, bizden
onu geici olarak gerek dnya gibi
grmemiz beklenir..

A) In a variety of plays, the world presented

to us may be unreal, but it is expected
that, at least temporarily, we take it for
the real world.

B) In most plays, however unreal may be the

world presented to us, we are expected to
regard it temporarily as the real world.

C) The world presented to us in most plays

may be unreal, even though we are
expected to consider it for some time to
be the real world.

D) In a number of plays, we are presented

with an unreal world, which is to be
understood by us, at least for a certain
period, as the real world.

E) We are expected temporarily to take for

real the unreal world which we see
presented in most plays.
 When Time magazine declared its 2006 person
25. According to the passage, the scholars
of the year to be 'You', the magazine was who carried out an investigation into
pointing to an undeniable reality: anyone with new media participation think that the
an Internet connection can be a reporter, present phenomenon ----..
political commentator, cultural critic, or media
producer. Around the same time, the media
A) is a waste of time as there is no particular
scholar H. Jenkins and his colleagues published a merit at all
paper appreciating the 'participatory cultures' of
creation and sharing, mentorship, and civic B) is the result of peoples competent use of
engagement that were emerging online, digital technologies
especially among young people.Although Time
C) should be regarded with suspicion
did not explicitly frame participation in the new
media as a youth phenomenon, most of the D) calls for parental guidance when young
fifteen 'citizens of digital democracy' who were people are concerned
featured in its December 13 article were under
the age of thirty-five. Jenkins and his colleagues E) has created an aggressive young
generation
strongly suggest that young people are
especially well-poised to take full advantage of
Web 2.0. On the other hand, ever since digital
technologies were made available, scholars,
educators, policymakers, and parents have been
debating their implications for young peoples
literacy, attention spans, social tolerance, and
tendency for aggression. Considerable strides
are now being made in scholarship in many of
these areas.

23. It is understood from the passage that -

---..

A) media scholars criticize the young for their

online activities

B) 2006 was announced to be the year of the

youth

C) Internet use among the elderly population

is limited

D) many young people are using the digital

media in impressive ways

E) Time magazine incorporates digital media

into its journalism

24. The expression 'digital democracy' used

in the passage means ----..

A) taking full advantage of all the web

technologies

B) widespread use of Internet technology in

our age

C) the selection of fifteen young people by

Time magazine

D) equal rights given to teenagers to express

their opinions online

E) online media engagement opportunities

made available for everyone
26. It is explained in the passage that ----..

A) there is rapid progress in the fields

investigating various effects of digital
technologies on young people

B) digital media participation does

irreparable harm to young people

C) parents are particularly concerned about

their childrens social tolerance and
attention spans

D) Time magazine offers valid solutions to

the problems experienced by youth

E) the digital practices of todays young

people as reporters, political
commentators, cultural critics, or media
producers exceed in quality those of
earlier periods

27. Power has a bad name. In a society that

cherishes equality and individuality, the
notion that some people wield power
over others is sometimes looked at with
disfavour. Yet many of our societal
institutions would operate badly or not
at all if there were not at least some
execution and distribution of power. Not
only large organizations but also small
institutions would certainly break down
if clear lines of authority did not exist. -
--- For instance, power can be used for
individual benefit, an inflated sense of
self-worth or the devaluation of others..

A) On the other hand, if abused, power can

corrupt the power holder.

B) The economic power of a country can

easily be undermined.

C) Moreover, most institutions are not

governed properly.

D) Similarly, politicians could not govern

without the power given to them by
constitutions and legal systems.

E) Even so, a number of institutions need to

be upgraded.
28. Clare : Whats the matter with you?
Youre not your usual self!
Kate : I know Im not. This report Im
doing is getting me down.
Clare : ----
Kate : No; thank goodness. But the
deadline is near..

A) So thats the trouble. Is there still much

left to be done?

B) The trouble with you is that youre a

perfectionist.

C) When are you expected to hand it in?

D) Would you like me to go over it for you?

E) But it was nearly finished last week,

wasnt it?
29. Leonardo da Vinci forged close
friendships with a wide variety of
people, from humble apprentices to the
king of France..

A) Leonardo da Vinci had some close friends,

who mainly included apprentices and also
the king of France

B) Among the few people Leonardo da Vinci

regarded as his friends were some poor
apprentices as well as the king of France.

C) Leonardo da Vinci was very fond of his

friends, who in fact consisted of the
French king and some poor apprentices.

D) Leonardo da Vinci had a wide range of

close friends, including poor apprentices
and also the king of France.

E) The king of France and a number of

apprentices were the only people who
made friends with Leonardo da Vinci.

30. (I) America's hopes of nurturing

pluralism in the Arab world could bear
some fruit in the Gulf. (II)Quietly, if
hesitantly, Gulf rulers have
been introducing some reforms, (III)
Saudi Arabia's relations with Qatar are
close to breaking point following
America's decision to move its
troops and military control centre there.
(IV) Bahrain now has a functioning
parliament, though only half
the electorate bothers to vote. (V) In
Qatar a new constitution has been
approved by referendum thus paving the
way for a 45-seat legislature..

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 C

2 C

3 B

4 C

5 B

6 C

7 A

8 E

9 B

10 D

11 E

12 D

13 A

14 D

15 C

16 B

17 E

18 D

19 E

20 C

21 B

22 B

23 D

24 E

25 B

26 A

27 A

28 A

29 D

30 C
15
1. The greatest ---- to the spread of nuclear
technology and nuclear power reactors
to developing countries is that it will
increase the risks of nuclear weapons
proliferation..
5. Down syndrome ---- by an additional
chromosome, usually ---- in mental
impairment and other conditions..
A) is caused / will result

A) obligation B) to be caused / was resulted

B) contribution C) causing / is resulted

C) solution D) caused / results

D) condition E) was caused / resulted

E) objection

2. Despite its small population and ----

remoteness, Australia occupies a
powerful position in global science in
general and life science in particular..

A) ultimate

B) sizeable

C) relative

D) extensive

E) recurrent

3. The term geography ---- the English

language in the 16th century from Latin
and ultimately Greek, at the time when
European navigators were beginning to
explore Africa and the New World..

A) broke into

B) turned out

C) carried away

D) went on

E) came into

4. At the end of 1998, Estonia ---- the strict

citizenship requirements that ---- the
countrys Russian minority from gaining
citizenship..

A) relaxes / kept

B) had relaxed / have kept

C) has relaxed / were keeping

D) relaxed / had kept

E) will relax / are keeping

6. If Julie ---- herself like that while we
were away, she ---- from anorexia
nervosa today..

A) hasn't starved / wouldn't suffer

B) didn't starve / isn't suffering

C) hadn't starved / wouldn't be suffering

D) wouldn't starve / won't be suffering

E) wasn't starving / isn't suffering

7. People who travel ---- airlines all have

stories ---- how bad the experience is
when things go wrong..

A) with / for

B) in / of

C) on / about

D) at / over

E) through / to

8. ---- African nations got their

independence, the first thing they did
was to change place names in their
countries..

A) Just as

B) If

C) Although

D) Until

E) When

9. ---- our bodies are exposed to cold, their

first rule of survival is to maintain the
brain and internal organs at a
temperature of 37C..

A) Since

B) Although

C) When

D) Just as

E) Until
10. There is no reason why man, ---- the
other animals, should have a monopoly
on laughter ---- a social tool. .

A) in addition to / so

B) compared with / such

C) in opposition to / thus

D) as opposed to / as

E) on account of / just
11. The nurse claimed that it wasn't -
--- responsibility but the doctor's..

A) hers

B) herself

C) theirs

D) her

E) himself

12. Apparently, the firemen are ---- asking

for higher wages, they are ----
demanding a reduction in their working
hours..

A) not only / also

B) both / and

C) also / but

D) even / still

E) neither / nor

13. The social sciences are a range of

disciplines within the arts and
humanities ---- principal concerns are the
study of various aspects of society..

A) what

B) whose

C) that

D) how

E) when
 Bozono, chief engineer of the Phoenix Bridge
19. ---- why she was looking so upset..
Company, was confident that he could build a
bridge to span the Kinzua gorge; and he did (I)-
--- , in just 94 days. When it (II) ---- in 1882, the A) There is nothing to be ashamed of
Kinzua Viaduct was the tallest bridge in the B) I really didnt know
world. For more than 100 years, it carried trains
across the Kinzua gorge, but in 2003 its service C) We are all extremely worried
came to an (III) ---- end when it took a direct hit
D) There wasnt an explanation
(IV)---- a tornado and 23 of its 41 spans (V) ---- in
spectacular fashion in just 30 seconds. E) Nobody had understood

20. Its a good idea to walk everywhere ----..

14. I.
A) however far it must have seemed
A) as well
B) even though you were so tired
B) so
C) whenever they went to the museum
C) too
D) if you want to learn your way around the
D) only town

E) both E) since their house was on the outskirts of

the town
15. II.
21. He also became known as a poet and as
perhaps the only physicist to write a
A) had been finished
novel. .
B) has been finished
A) O, ayrca, bir ozan ve belki de roman
C) was finished
yazar tek fiziki olarak tannd.
D) was to be finished
B) te yadan, o, hem bir ozan hem de roman
E) finished yazan ilk fiziki olarak tannyordu.

C) Nitekim, ozan olarak bilinen o kii, roman

16. III. yazan tek fiziki olarak da n yapt.

D) O, nce ozan olarak tannd ve daha sonra

A) insufficient roman da yazan bir fiziki oldu
B) occasional E) O, sadece roman yazan bir fiziki olarak
deil ayn zamanda ozan olarak da
C) eager
tannmtr.
D) abrupt

E) insecure

17. IV.

A) from

B) at

C) with

D) over

E) for

18. V.

A) violated

B) reduced

C) reversed

D) repaired

E) collapsed
22. Eer Rusya ve Amerikann youn
nkleer silahlarn ortadan kaldrmak iin
daha fazla bir ey yaplmazsa, Kuzey
Kutup blgesi yeniden bir nkleer cephe
haline gelebilir..

A) Unless further steps are taken to

dismantle their extensive nuclear arms,
the Arctic may become a nuclear front
again for Russia and the US

B) If nothing further is done to dismantle the

extensive Russian and US nuclear arms,
the Arctic could once again become a
nuclear front

C) In order for the Arctic to become a nuclear

front again, something must be done to
reduce the vast amount of nuclear
weapons of Russia and the US.

D) Whether or not the Arctic is to become a

nuclear front again, Russia and the US
must reduce their nuclear arms.

E) Should Russian and US plans for turning

the Arctic once more into a nuclear front
be put into effect, both countries will have
to reduce the amount of nuclear power.
 The last decade has seen not able changes in
25. As the passage indicates, it is now clear
disability policy in Europe. Changed assumptions that ----..
about the concept of disability have been
reflected in the adoption of new national and
A) there is a wide gap between the public
pan-European legislation. As a consequence, the
and legal views on disability
policy which has sought to separate and
segregate people with disabilities in 'special B) the disabled everywhere in Europe have
schools', labour markets, residential been granted extra rights and privileges
accommodation and transport has, to some
degree, and in some countries, been C) the disability groups are demanding even
more rights
reconsidered. Attempts have been made to
develop an integrated approach, opening up D) the understanding of disability in Europe
jobs, services and housing to all people has undergone considerable change
irrespective of their ability or disability. A key
element of this new approach has been the E) Europeans have recently adopted a rather
recognition that segregation and exclusion is not prejudiced attitude towards the rights of
people with disabilities
a necessary consequence of a physical or
intellectual impairment, but the result of
conscious policy choices based on false
assumptions about the abilities of the people
with disabilities. The new approach recognizes
the role which discrimination plays in
disadvantaging people with disabilities and,
conversely, how legislation seeks to combat
elements of disability discrimination and create
sequality of opportunity for people with
disabilities.

23. We understand from the passage that

the new approach to disability ----..

A) maintains the segregational policies

common everywhere in Europe

B) opposes the segregation of the disabled

from society

C) equates physical or intellectual

impairment with inferiority

D) has not sought a legal basis for its

activities

E) aims to provide a the rapeutic

environment for the disabled by placing
them in special institutions

24. According to the passage, people with

disabilities ----..

A) have failed to appreciate the special care

services made available to them

B) have always been provided with

opportunities to make a good living

C) have long been prevented from enjoying

the same rights as the other members of
society

D) would never manage to lead a

comfortable life

E) have for centuries been regarded,

throughout Europe, as a burden to society
26. The passage emphasizes that ----..

A) potential capabilities of the disabled

people had long been underestimated or
ignored

B) future steps require consciously-

developed policies for the rehabilitation of
the disabled

C) people with disabilities deserve somewhat

more attention than those without

D) the new disability policy in Europe will be

useless

E) a change in attitude towards the disabled

is the result of the new employment
policies in Europe

27. When it comes to teenage births, the US

is backsliding. ---- Between 2005 and
2007, however, it crept up 5%. While the
rate is still well below its early-1960s
bubble, experts are getting worried
about the trend line..

A) In the state of Texas, for example, the

government requires only that public
schools emphasize sexual abstinence.

B) In 1960, before the advent of oral

contraceptives, the rate in America was
more than double what it is today.

C) Between 1991 and 2005, the teenage

birth rate declined by 34%, according to
the National Centre of Health Statistics.

D) The state of Texas now has the third-

highest rate of teenage births, after
Mississippi and New Mexico.

E) In terms of repeat pregnancies of teenage

girls, the city of Dallas has the highest
rate in the entire country: 28%.
28. Liz : I am puzzled about why declining
birth rates in the West have been
accompanied by growing populations of
older adults.
Susan : You are right. Actually, it is a
very complicated issue, and there is a
wide range of reasons for it.
Liz : ----
Susan : I dont know where to start. I
think one obvious reason is improved
standards of health care..

A) Thank you so much. Ill take your advice

and do some research on the subject.

B) Exactly. You can perhaps outline some of

them for me.

C) I believe a new type of demographic crisis

different from this confronts Western
governments.

D) One can definitely see that globalization

has a serious impact on the worlds
population.

E) Especially Asias population as a whole

has increased nearly four times over since
1900.
29. In the 19th century, Afghanistan became
a battle ground in the rivalry between
Britain and Russia for control of Central
Asia..
A) During the 19th century, the invasion of
Afghanistan by Britain and Russia led to
serious hostilities in Central Asia.
B) It was in the 19th century that there
emerged hostilities between Britain and
Russia in Afghanistan, since Central Asia
was important for them.
C) In the 19th century, both Britain and
Russia got into a fierce conflict with each
other in Afghanistan in order to dominate
Central Asia.
D) Throughout the 19th century, the
hostilities between Britain and Russia in
Afghanistan were essentially for the
possession of Central Asia.
E) In the 19th century, Central Asia was so
important for Britain and Russia that they
first tried to conquer Afghanistan.
30. (I) There are many different ways of
responding to or experiencing artworks.
(II) We call these art responses. (III)
Being amused by a play is an
art response, and, if the play is a farce,
all things being equal, an appropriate
response. (IV) A large part of what is
called aesthetic experience concerns
noticing, detecting and
discriminating. (V) Similarly, if one is
reading a social protest novel, then
being angered by the
oppression depicted is an art response..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 E

2 C

3 E

4 D

5 D

6 C

7 C

8 E

9 C

10 D

11 D

12 A

13 B

14 B

15 C

16 D

17 A

18 E

19 B

20 D

21 A

22 B

23 B

24 C

25 D

26 A

27 C

28 B

29 C

30 D
16
1. In 1968, Bermuda, which used to be a
British colony, was ---- a new
constitution and autonomy except for
foreign relations, defence and internal
security..
5. Insurance companies ---- countless hours
collecting data on the general
population, ---- relative life expectancy..
A) have been spending / to include

A) leased B) spend / including

B) exploited C) spent / to be including

C) appropriated D) will spend / having included

D) granted E) can spend / to have included

E) abolished

2. The amount of alcoholic drinks a person

can consume safely is ---- individual,
depending on genetics, health condition,
sex, body composition, age, and family
history..

A) violently

B) worthily

C) offensively

D) highly

E) loudly

3. A wise vegetarian does not solely ---- the

products made of textured vegetable
protein, but learns to use a variety of
whole foods instead..

A) set out

B) take along

C) draw up

D) rely on

E) make for

4. Smoking ---- in almost all segments of

the American population, so that, in
various polls, 60 to 65% of Americans ----
non-smokers today..

A) declines / may have been

B) has declined / are

C) had declined / would be

D) could have declined / will be

E) declined / were
6. If women of childbearing age ---- just 0,
4 milligram of folic acid per day
before becoming pregnant, the incidence
of spina bifida ---- by 50 to 75 per cent..

A) have taken / might be reduced

B) take / will have been reduced

C) had taken / had been reduced

D) took / could be reduced

E) will take / is reduced

7. Philosophers have debated the relation -

--- thought and emotions ---- at least two
millennia. .

A) from / over

B) over / in

C) between / for

D) in / by

E) through / to

8. In child development, play and

exploration are similar ---- they are both
intrinsically motivated behaviours and
not directed by external goals..

A) on the other hand

B) whereas

C) otherwise

D) after

E) since

9. ---- the immune system is intricate, its

basic strategy is simple: to recognize the
enemy, mobilize forces and attack..

A) Although

B) If

C) Because

D) In case

E) When
10. Italy declared its neutrality upon the
outbreak of World War I ---- that
Germany had embarked upon an
offensive war..

A) as soon as

B) owing to

C) in view of

D) on the grounds

E) such as
11. The remedies they use in the East are
very different from those we use in the
West; ---- rely more on the natural
properties of herbs and plants while ----
are more chemically orientated..

A) to them / to us

B) they / us

C) their / we

D) theirs / ours

E) themselves / ourselves

12. New York is ---- important in the Spider-

Man film ---- any actor is..

A) an / than

B) so / as

C) as / as

D) more / which

E) the / that

13. It is almost impossible to find two people

---- opinions on this matter are the
same..

A) which

B) who

C) that

D) whose

E) what
 Natural disturbances, including hurricanes and
19. Some comets have such long orbits ----..
earthquakes, have affected coral reefs for
millions of years. They are typically acute but
have short-lived (I) ---- . Reef areas (II) ---- A) while some asteroids may be burnt-up
comets
human influences often recover within a few
years (III) ---- water and substratum quality B) in case they come from a region outside
remain high. Indeed, acute natural disturbances the Solar System
can actually help (IV)---- diversity on coral reefs
by knocking back dominant species and allowing C) since they are often visible from the Earth
(V) ---- competitive species to re-establish
D) that they pass near the Earth only once
themselves. every million years

E) just as their dust tails stretch up to 10

million kilometres across the sky
14. II.

20. Water softeners are particularly useful, -

A) down to ---..
B) up to
A) if you live in a hard-water area
C) up against
B) that they remove chemicals and improve
D) out of the taste
E) away from C) why London water is so hard

15. I. D) since the water contained a greater

concentration of calcium

A) products E) though electrical appliances require soft

water
B) conditions

C) concerns 21. In her short stories that are set in the

Southern states at about the turn of the
D) effects century, Katherine Anne Porter
describes a way of life that is gone..
E) explanations

A) Katherine Anne Porter, Gney eyaletleri ile

16. III. ilgili ksa yklerinde, yzyln balarnda
geen bir yaamdan sz eder.
A) so that
B) Katherine Anne Porter, yzyln balarnda
B) unless Gney eyaletlerinde geen ksa
yklerinde, kaybolmu bir yaam biimini
C) though anlatr.

D) if C) Katherine Anne Porter, Gney eyaletleri ile

ilgili ksa yklerinde, yzyln balarna
E) whether dayanan bir yaam biimini tasvir eder.

D) Katherine Anne Portern ksa yklerinde

17. IV.
tasvir edilen yaam, yzyln balarnda
Gney eyaletlerinde geer
A) to have maintained
E) Yzyln balarnda Gney eyaletlerinde
B) maintaining geen yaam biimi, Katherine Anne
Portern ksa yklerinde anlatlmaktadr.
C) having maintained

D) to be maintained

E) to maintain

18. V.

A) much

B) little

C) as

D) less

E) least
22. Zimbabveden, insanlarn alktan
lmeye baladklarna ilikin yrek
paralayc haberler szmaktadr..

A) Heart-rending news has been filtering out

from Zimbabwe that the people are
starting to die of starvation

B) One gets heart-rending news out of

Zimbabwe that the people there are dying
of starvation.

C) The news out of Zimbabwe that people

are about to die of starvation is heart-
rending.

D) The heart-rending news that has been

leaked out of Zimbabwe is that people
have been dying of starvation

E) The news that the people in Zimbabwe

have been dying of starvation is extremely
heartrending.
 By the end of the twentieth century, East Asia
25. It is pointed out in the passage that
had become a centre of industrial and Western firms ----..
manufacturing production. Especially China
began to establish commercial ties with the
A) made contracts with Chinese companies
West in the 1970s and became the worlds
because of favourable production
leading heavy industrial producer by the year
conditions in China
2000. Its state-owned companies acquired
contracts from Western firms to produce B) made huge investments in commercial
products cheaply and in bulk, for sale back to zones, but they failed to make any profit
home markets in the United States and Europe.
C) established closer commercial ties with
Moreover, the Chinese government established
China to benefit from cheap exports
semi capitalist commercial zones around major
port cities like Shanghai. These commercial D) were mainly concentrated in Hong Kong,
zones were intended to encourage massive since it was a major port city
foreign investment on terms that left China a
favourable balance of trade for its huge volume E) cooperated with China in order to upgrade
its economic performance
of cheap exports. Yet, in practice, they enjoyed
only mixed success. Problems in farming and a
looming energy crisis hampered prosperity and
economic growth, but Hong Kong only managed
to maintain its traditional economic and cultural
ties with the rest of the world. However, in
recent years, China has overcome most of these
problems and radically upgraded its economic
performance.

23. The passage is mainly concerned with -

---..

A) the extent and complexity of problems in

Chinese agriculture

B) the variety and volume of Western

investments in China in the 1970s

C) Hong Kongs economic prosperity and its

impact on social life in the city

D) Chinas economic development and

performance since the last century

E) the improvement of Chinas balance of

trade since the 1970s

24. It is claimed in the passage that Chinas

commercial zones ----..

A) absolutely provided China with a huge

volume of foreign investment

B) were not as successful as had been

originally intended

C) were solely located around Shanghai and

Hong Kong

D) have been the most efficient ones

throughout East Asia

E) were originally intended for state-owned

companies
26. It is stated in the passage that Hong
Kong ----..

A) was the major exporter of cheap products

to the United States and Europe

B) contributed enormously to the emergence

of China as an economic power in East
Asia

C) was not affected at all by the decline of

prosperity and economic growth in the
rest of China

D) took immediate measures to prevent the

looming energy crisis in the area

E) was a major centre of industrial and

manufacturing production in China in the
1970s

27. Infertility is a problem that is affecting

more couples than ever before, as
people wait longer and longer to have
children. One in ten couples older than
30 has trouble conceiving. After age 35,
the ratio is one in five. ---- Some women
reportedly get pregnant even in their
50s. But face it: Spontaneous pregnancy
in a womans late 40s and 50s is rare..

A) Also, some had many serious

miscarriages.

B) Reproductive technologies will become

more sophisticated

C) Of course, age isnt a problem for

everyone.

D) The number of women that have abortion

is increasing day by day.

E) In fact, many women follow a similar

pattern.
28. Harriet : I am writing an article about the
Cold War period. There is a great deal of
material I have to deal with.
Ares : I suggest you focus on a specific
topic rather than giving a general
account.
Harriet : ----
Ares : So, your article will, I am sure,
arouse a great deal of interest in
academic and political circles..

A) Right. I will demonstrate how the Cold War

has given way to more complex global
relations.

B) You know the Eastern European

revolutions of 1989 brought about the
collapse of the Soviet Union.

C) Especially the Soviet Unions increasingly

severe domestic problems led to mounting
protests in Russia in 1991.

D) Everyone knows that the Iron Curtain had

established one of the most rigid borders
in European history.

E) In my opinion, since the end of the Cold

War, adapting to change has been difficult
throughout Eastern Europe.
29. Spanish efforts to recover Gibraltar
culminated in a referendum in 1967, in
which the residents voted
overwhelmingly to retain their link with
Britain..
A) Although Spains aim had always been to
annex Gibraltar, it was made clear in a
referendum in 1967 that the people
preferred British rule.
B) Spain had always tried hard to reclaim
Gibraltar from Britain; however, in a
referendum held in 1967, the people of
Gibraltar decided by a great majority to
stay with Britain.
C) A referendum in 1967 showed that,
despite Spains attempts to annex
Gibraltar, in fact the people favoured
Britain.
D) Spains attempts to reconquer Gibraltar
failed in 1967 when the people of Gibraltar
held a referendum, and showed their
loyalty to Britain.
E) In a referendum in 1967, the people of
Gibraltar rejected Spains claim of
annexation, and voted in favour of Britain.
30. (I) Air photography has been responsible
for a large number of archaeological
discoveries. (II)The first major
archaeological applications of
this technique occurred at the start of
the last century with photographs of the
Roman town of Ostia taken from a
balloon. (III)Recently, there has
been considerable activity in the air over
former Soviet areas showing that these
areas were once as densely occupied as
some of the best-known parts of Britain
and western Europe. (IV) In 1913, Sir
Henry Welcome took vertical pictures of
his excavations in the Sudan by means
of a box kite. (V) World War I gave the
technique a great impetus when
archaeologists in England discovered the
clarity that air photographs
could provide in their plan view of
prehistoric monuments..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 D

2 D

3 D

4 B

5 B

6 D

7 C

8 E

9 A

10 D

11 D

12 C

13 D

14 E

15 D

16 D

17 E

18 D

19 D

20 A

21 B

22 A

23 D

24 B

25 A

26 C

27 C

28 A

29 B

30 C
17
1. Damage to the liver is the main health - 6. If the discovery ----, it ---- speculation
--- for long-term heavy drinkers.. that the Galaxy is teeming with life..

A) consideration A) had been confirmed / would fuel

B) conclusion B) will be confirmed / will have fuelled

C) attentiveness C) is confirmed / will fuel

D) examination D) has been confirmed / has fuelled

E) regulation E) was confirmed / would have fuelled

2. In Existentialism, it is argued that people 7. The objective ---- a proper diet is to

are responsible for, and the ---- judge of, achieve and maintain a desirable body
their actions.. composition and a large capacity ----
physical and mental work..
A) expansive
A) through / through
B) sole
B) on / within
C) previous
C) at / across
D) irresistible
D) of / for
E) prevalent
E) after / between
3. The Council of Europe, the continents
oldest political organization, was ---- in 8. Life on Earth would be impossible
1949 to defend, among other things, without water, ---- all life forms, from
human rights and the rule of law.. bacteria to plants and animals, contain
it..
A) set up
A) since
B) pulled through
B) even so
C) set aside
C) unless
D) put up
D) that
E) made out
E) when
4. Meteorites ---- the best available record
of the chemical and physical processes 9. It was not obvious to scientists what the
that ---- during the first million years of solution would be to the cosmic radiation
our solar systems history.. astronauts are exposed to; ---- was it
obvious that there would be any solution
at all..
A) provide / occurred

B) are providing / have occurred A) either

C) had provided / occurred B) so
D) could provide / would occur C) and
E) provided / might occur D) but

E) nor
5. Individuals ---- any problems with the
urethra should ---- medical help at once..

A) to experience / used to seek

B) experiencing / should seek

C) having experienced / may seek

D) to have experienced / seek

E) to be experiencing / must seek

10. Strategists argue that today's armed
forces should be prepared for multiple
but smallish expeditionary operations in
remote and disparate places, ---- for just
one big conflagration..

A) as soon as

B) than ever

C) most of all

D) rather than

E) more often
11. The two men walked back to the village
together, but ---- of them spoke..

A) any

B) either

C) some

D) neither

E) the other

12. Some anthropologists think that man

today is ---- honest ---- he was hundreds
and thousands of years ago..

A) much / as

B) the less / than

C) the least / of

D) little / as

E) less / than

13. The number of frauds in the US ---- the

criminal uses someone elses credit card
number doubled to 162, 000 cases in
2002..

A) in which

B) by whom

C) of which

D) which

E) with whom
 The United States will officially take 70, 000
19. Towards the end of the seventeenth
refugees in 2003. (I) ---- the number will be century, ----, progress came to an end in
much lower as many thousands will be caught the Ottoman Empire..
up in lengthy (II) ---- necessitated by post-
September 11 security procedures. In 2002, for
A) which were built by masters such as the
example, America (III) ---- only 30, 000 refugees,
architect Sinan
the lowest number in 25 years. This is a
remarkable (IV) ---- of America's traditional B) which had a steady arrival of skilled
generosity (V) ---- the world's displaced. craftsmen from the new territories of the
empire

C) even though there will be few other

14. I. changes

D) as the Ottomans began to lose their

A) In place of technological advantage over Europe
B) In return E) since the Istanbul state had continued
spreading westwards
C) In practice

D) In case 20. ----, but can this prohibition be

enforced?.
E) In excess of

A) It would have been easy to prohibit

15. II.
nuclear weapons

A) distinctions B) Nuclear weapons have been prohibited

B) competitions C) With the prohibition of nuclear weapons,

the problem was finally solved
C) departures
D) The prohibition of nuclear weapons is no
D) delays solution

E) resources E) Nuclear weapons should have been

prohibited
16. III.
21. Under the burning sun of the
Mediterranean basin, the ancient
A) had accepted Greeks, Romans and Egyptians
B) has accepted harvested salt through evaporation from
the sea, on a scale sufficient for their
C) would accept daily needs..

D) is accepting
A) Akdeniz blgesinin yakc gnei altnda,
E) accepted eski Yunanllar, Romallar ve Msrllar,
gnlk gereksinimlerini karlamak
amacyla buharlatrma yntemiyle
17. IV. denizden tuz retiyorlard.

B) Eski Yunanllar, Romallar ve Msrllar,

A) reversal
Akdeniz havzasnn kzgn gnei altnda,
B) exchange denizden buharlatrma yoluyla, gnlk
gereksinimleri iin yeterli lde tuz elde
C) comparison ediyorlard.

D) expression C) Eski Yunanllar, Romallar ve Msrllarn,

gnlk gereksinimlerini karlamak iin,
E) appreciation Akdeniz blgesinin yakc gnei altnda,
buharlatrma yoluyla denizden tuz
18. V. rettikleri bilinmektedir.

D) Gnlk gereksinimlerini karlamak iin

A) against eski Yunanllar, Romallar ve Msrllar,
Akdenizin kzgn gnei altnda,
B) through buharlatrma yntemiyle, denizden
yeterince tuz elde edebiliyorlard.
C) over
E) Akdeniz havzasnn yakc gnei altnda,
D) towards gnlk tuz gereksinimlerini karlamak iin
eski Yunanllar, Romallar ve Msrllar
E) beyond
buharlatrma yntemini kullanmlardr.
22. Kafkaslar, 1991de Sovyetler Birliinin
knden arta kalm birok iten ie
kaynayan atmay barndrmaktadr..

A) After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991,

the Caucasus has become an area with
various simmering conflicts.

B) Following the collapse of the Soviet Union

in 1991, there have emerged various
tensions in the Caucasus ready to explode
into conflicts.

C) The Caucasus harbours several simmering

conflicts left after the collapse of the
Soviet Union in 1991.

D) It is in the Caucasus that, following the fall

of the Soviet Union in 1991, a number of
issues have risen, ready to explode into
conflicts.

E) Several regional conflicts have risen in the

Caucasus since the collapse of the Soviet
Union in 1991.
 Until the early 1960s, the picturesque ruins of
25. The writer claims in the passage that
Aphrodisias were scattered in and around the Aphrodisias, with its wonderful ruins, -
very pretty village of Geyre, where the houses ---..
had been built largely from remnants of the
ancient city. But the present excavations, which
A) has been a place of attraction for
began in 1961, have now reached such a scale
archaeologists for many centuries
that the village and its inhabitants have been
moved to another site nearby. Some of the B) is among the most attractive and loveliest
superb sculptures unearthed are now exhibited of the archaeological sites in Turkey
in a new museum, which is located in what was
C) has now been completely excavated and
once Geyres village square, while others can be
declared an archaeological zone
seen around the archaeological zone, one of the
most interesting and beautiful sites in all of D) still lies hidden under the modern village
Turkey. Surprisingly, the excavations at of Geyre and, hence, needs to be
Aphrodisias have unearthed remains of a unearthed
settlement dating back to about 5, 800 B.C. The
E) is a Graeco-Roman archaeological site,
site seems to have been a very ancient shrine of
settled for the first time in the sixth
Ishtar, the fertility goddess of Nineveh and century B.C.
Babylon, who was one of the predecessors of
Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. In fact,
the earliest Greek sanctuary of Aphrodite on this
site dates from the sixth century B.C., and it was
from this sanctuary during the next four
centuries that the cult of Aphrodite spread
throughout the Graeco-Roman world.

23. As one learns from the passage, the

excavations at Aphrodisias ----..

A) originally had a single aim: to find out

whether there was any connection
between this city and the Mesopotamian
cities of Nineveh and Babylon

B) confirm that Ishtar was reborn as

Aphrodite

C) have unearthed only a small part of the

ancient settlements, which are very
extensive and need to be carefully
identified

D) have focused on unearthing Aphrodites

sanctuary as well as other Graeco-Roman
remnants

E) have been going on for over four decades

and reveal that the city dates back to very
early times

24. It is pointed out in the passage that the

people of modern Geyre ----..

A) have always played an active part in the

excavations, since they are very keen to learn
about the past of their village

B) were forced to re-settle at a new site quite far

from that of Aphrodisias itself

C) used the remains of ancient Aphrodisias as

building material for their homes

D) had been moved to a new site for re-

settlement before the excavations began in
the early 1960s

E) have insisted that the sculptures unearthed

during the excavations be exhibited in the
village square
26. It is stated in the passage that the
temple of Aphrodite in Aphrodisias ----..

A) was the very first site to be excavated in

the early 1960s and is today one of the
most captivating sights at Geyre

B) was designed and built in full imitation of

the temple of the Babylonian fertility
goddess Ishtar on the same site

C) lost its importance completely once the

cult of the goddess had spread in the
Graeco-Roman world

D) is still regarded by most archaeologists as

an architectural wonder, which, with its
superb sculptures, surprises everybody

E) gave rise to the popularity among the

Greeks and the Romans of the worship of
the goddess

27. Madagascar is renowned for its

extraordinary animals, particularly
lemurs, a group of primates extinct
elsewhere on the planet. ---- The island
was one of the last places on earth to be
settled by people, receiving its earliest
migrants in the middle of the first
millennium. Moreover, despite
Madagascars proximity to Africa 400
km at the closest point those settlers
have long been suspected of having
arrived from the Malay islands modern
Indonesia more than 6, 000 km away..

A) Its history of human settlement, though, is

equally unusual.

B) Madagascar is quite an interesting holiday

destination.

C) The Islanders culture includes elements

that are characteristically Asian.

D) There were many Malay expeditions

across the Indian Ocean.

E) It is likely that a successful colonization

would have been followed by others.
28. John : For our investments, we should
consider tourism as a new area.
Edmund : Agreed. In fact, tourism has
now become the worlds biggest
industry.
John : ----
Edmund : I certainly think so. Therefore,
it is of vital importance for the
economies of many of the worlds
poorest nations..

A) Moreover, travel enriches ones life. Dont

you agree?

B) Actually, it fuels economic growth, doesnt

it?

C) Do you believe that travelling broadens

our experience of the world?

D) Furthermore, tourism enables people to

explore other cultures and geographies.
Right?

E) Yes, true. Yet, worldwide mobility because

of tourism has its drawbacks. Do you
agree?
29. What is certain is that Azerbaijans oil-
fired economy has been booming in
recent years..
A) Although Azerbaijans economy is largely
dependent on oil, in recent years it has
entered a period of recession.
B) There is no doubt that, over the past few
years, Azerbaijans economy, which
thrives entirely on oil, has been growing
fast.
C) Since Azerbaijans economic prosperity is
related to oil, there has been some minor
improvement lately.
D) It is only in recent years that, because of
its oil, Azerbaijan has experienced some
economic progress.
E) Over the past few years, due to an
increase in its oil output, Azerbaijans
economy has become much stronger.
30. (I) Although there are considerable
cultural differences between the various
South Asian nationalities that have come
to Britain, there are certain underlying
similarities. (II) Families from rural areas
in South Asia typically take a more
extended form. (III) The rebuilding of
extended family structures is vital to any
community. (IV) They include three
generations in the household and are
organized through a network of males.
(V) They are also strongly bound
together by ideas of brotherhood and
family loyalty..
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
SORU CEVAP

1 A

2 B

3 A

4 A

5 B

6 C

7 D

8 A

9 E

10 D

11 D

12 E

13 A

14 C

15 D

16 E

17 A

18 D

19 D

20 B

21 B

22 C

23 E

24 C

25 B

26 E

27 A

28 B

29 B

30 C