Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind

Turbine

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRMGPC

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project entitled FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE
COMPARISION OF ARCHIMEDES WIND TURBINE WITH CONVENTIONAL
WIND TURBINE submitted by SHASHANK CHAUDHARY (1212240195),
SAURABH PATEL (1212240188), RICHA NANDA (1212240176) and RAJAT DIXIT
(1212240169) in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology (Mechanical Engineering) of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University, is a record of students own work carried under our supervision and guidance.
The project report embodies results of original work and studies carried out by students
and the contents do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate
or to anybody else.

Mr. PARMOD KUMAR Prof A.K. SRIVASTAVA

(Assistant Professor) (Head of Department)
(Project Guide) (Mechanical Engineering)

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 1

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRMGPC
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project entitled FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE
COMPARISION OF ARCHIMEDES WIND TURBINE WITH CONVENTIONAL
WIND TURBINE submitted by us in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (Mechanical Engineering) of Dr. A. P. J.
Abdul Kalam Technical University is record of our own work carried under the
supervision and guidance of Mr. Parmod Kumar (Assistant Professor ME Department).
To the best of my knowledge this project has not been submitted to Dr. A. P. J. Abdul
Kalam Technical University or any other University or Institute for the award of any
degree.

Shashank Chaudhary Saurabh Patel Richa Nanda Rajat Dixit

(1212240195) (1212240188) (1212240176) (1212240169)

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 2

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any project, be it large or small in magnitude, its success greatly depends collectively on
the efforts of numerous hands who have rendered their support in their own helping
ways. We hereby take this sincere opportunity to appreciate all such Individuals for their
inspiration, support and guidance involved in every niche of the work being done and
instrumental in making this work a success. First and foremost, we thank the Almighty
for blessings, and showing enlighten path in handling ups and downs in our work
throughout the course of time.

At this juncture, we feel deeply honored in expressing our high obligation to our project
guide Mr. Parmod kumar (Asst. Professor, ME Deptt.). We have been fortunate enough
to have an advisor who gave us the freedom to explore and at the same time the guidance
to recover when our steps faltered. He has provided us with all the necessary information
that has been required in our project work. His sincerity, meticulousness and vast
knowledge regarding the project has been a constant guiding light for us and piloted this
project to achieve zenith.

We would like to express our deep regards to Prof. A. K. Srivastava (HOD, ME Deptt.)
for his insightful comments, constructive criticisms and advices at different stages of our
project. These have not been just thought provoking but also have become a source of
improvement for us.

We would like to thank our project coordinator Mr. Shivendra Srivastava (Asst.
professor, ME Deptt) and Prof. D. V. Mahendru, (ME Deptt.) for providing practical
advices regarding project and for enriching our ideas. Their questions and advices during
the presentation sessions became a means in getting deep knowledge of the project at
certain places.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank our college Shri Ramswaroop Memorial
Colleges of Engineering and Management, Lucknow for providing us with an
environment for such activities and a library that was of great use for extracting

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 3

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

knowledge in the concerned field of our project. We express our heartfelt gratitude to
them for their help and support, this project is a result of our combined efforts and hard
work

Nevertheless, we express our gratitude toward our families and friends for their kind co-
operation and encouragement which helped us in completion of this project.

Shashank Chaudhary Saurabh Patel Richa Nanda Rajat Dixit

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 4

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

PREFACE

Among the renewable sources of energy available today for generation of electrical
power, wind energy stands foremost because of the no pollution, relatively low capital
cost involved and the short gestation period required. Wind powered systems have been
widely used since the tenth century for water pumping, grinding grain, and other low-
power applications. There were several early attempts to build large-scale wind powered
systems to generate electricity.

CHAPTER 1 provides detailed information about wind turbines and their types. It starts
with a discussion covering the details of wind power generation. This chapter also covers
the need of wind power generation and factors affecting wind power generation.

CHAPTER 2 comprises the literature survey for the fabrication of Archimedes wind
turbine. This chapter covers the detailed information about the past research and their
findings which is very helpful to adopt a proper methodology for fabrication of
Archimedes wind turbine.

CHAPTER 3 deals with the project objectives and proposed methodology of this
project. This chapter also covers the material requirement and there desirable qualities.
Detailed information about hardware requirement and fabrication procedure is also
summarized.

CHAPTER 4 deals with the result and experimental setup made for testing performance
of Archimedes wind turbine. This chapter contains information about the formulas used
for calculation of various type of power, coefficient of power and tip speed ratio. A brief
explanation of test results is also given in this part of report.

CHAPTER 5 covers all the advantages and dis advantages of fabricated Archimedes
wind turbine. This part covers all the points which make this turbine better than other
conventional wind turbines. Although this turbine has lot of advantages over
conventional wind turbines still there are some limitations of this turbine ,which are
covered in this section of report.
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 5
 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

CHAPTER 6 concludes the findings and test results of the Archimedes wind turbine.

CHAPTER 7 gives the future scope of our project work. And how this project can fulfill
the growing need of electricity in the future is also mentioned in this section. This chapter
also covers the future enhancements that can be made in the design and scope for further
modifications possible in the project.

ABSTRACT

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 6

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

Wind energy is the environmental pollution free, hazardless and one of the best
renewable energy for generation of electric power. So to harness the maximum amount
of wind energy a new type of horizontal axis wind turbine adopting the Archimedes spiral
blade is fabricated successfully in the college workshop by using aluminum sheets,
aluminum shaft and rectangular cross section mild steel pipes for urban-use.

In this work a new technique to sense the direction of the wind and to rotate the rotor in
the most appropriate direction is also introduced and tested successfully. The
aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine (such as output power, power coefficient,
mechanical power and torque) were investigated with the help of experimental setup. The
power coefficient as a function of tip speed ratio with more than 81% of Betz limit can be
observed successfully in the test results. The torque generated by the rotor at various
wind speeds shows good agreement with software analysis value of the torque. Ability of
the rotor to generate large amount of power at higher wind speed with approximately
same efficiency can be observed successfully in test results. The Archimedes spiral wind
turbine model employed in this field test shows that this small scale wind turbine is more
efficient than any other conventional type small scale wind turbines. Thus the fabricated
spiral blade type Archimedes wind turbine is the best way to harness wind energy at small
level.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 7

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

Certificate i
Declaration ii
Acknowledgement iii-iv
Preface v-vi
Abstract vii
Table of Contents viii-ix

1. Introduction 01-11
1.1 General 01
1.2 Principle of Wind Energy Conversion 02
1.3 Types of Wind Turbine 03
1.3.1 Archimedes Wind Turbine 04
1.3.2 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) 05
1.3.3 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 07
1.4 Factors Affecting Wind Power 09

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 12-15

3. PROBLEM FORMULATION 16-26

3.1 Project Objective 16
3.2 Solution Approach 16
3.2.1 Selection of Material 17
3.2.2 Fabrication of Archimedes wind turbine 18
3.3 Fabrication Process 21
3.4 Designing of Wind Turbine on solid works 23
3.5 Hardware Requirement 25

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 27-34

4.1 Calculation of Power 27
4.1.1 Mechanical Power Output 27
4.1.2 Electrical Power Output 27
4.1.3 Input Power 28
4.2 Calculation for Coefficient of Power 28
ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 8
 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

4.3 Calculation of Tip Speed Ratio 29

4.4 Experimental Setup 29
4.5 Observation Table 31
4.6 Result 32

5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 35-36

5.1 Advantages 35
5.2 Disadvantages 36

6. CONCLUSION 37-37

7. FUTURE SCOPE 38-40

7.1 Future scope 39
7.2 Scope for Modification 40

APPENDICES x-xvi
Appendix A: List of figures x
Appendix B: List of tables xii
Appendix C: List of Abbreviations and Common Symbols Used xiii
Appendix D: Glossary xiv
REFERENCES xv

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 9

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

Appendix A:
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Description Page No.

Figure 1.1 Drag And Lift Forces on Lift Type Turbine Blade 2

Figure 1.2 Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) 3

Figure 1.3 Liam F1 Archimedes Wind Turbine 4

Figure 1.4 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine 6

Figure 1.5 Various Types of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 8

Figure 2.1 Variation of Cp with Tip Speed Ratio 13

Figure 3.1 Aluminum Sheet Used to Make Archimedes Rotor 17

Figure 3.2 Shape of Sheet Used to Make Individual Blades 18

Figure 3.3 Archimedes Rotor After Mounting all Three Blades 19

Figure 3.4 Base to support Archimedes Rotor 20

Figure 3.5 Base Frame Which Supports All Other Components 20

Figure 3.6 Fabrication of Archimedes Rotor 21

Figure 3.7 Rotating Mechanism 22

Figure 3.8 Rendered View of Designed Archimedes Wind 23

Turbine
Figure 3.9 Rendered View of Pressure Variation Test on Rotor 24

Figure 3.10 Analysis of Velocity Streamline on Rotor 24

Figure 3.11 Bearings Used to Support Rotor Shaft 25

Figure 3.12 Chain Sprocket 26

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 10

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

Figure 4.1 Experimental Setup of Archimedes Wind Turbine for 30

Torque Testing
Figure 4.2 Variation of Coefficient of Power With Wind Speed 32

Figure 4.3 Variation of Torque With Respect to Wind Speed 33

Figure 4.4 Variation of Power With Wind Speed 34

Figure 7.1 Distribution of Wind Energy Production Among 38

States In MWs

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 11

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

Appendix B:
LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

Table 4.1 Aerodynamic Characteristic on Archimedes Wind 31
Turbine

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 12

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

Appendix C:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND COMMON
SYMBOLS USED

A : Cross sectional area of wind turbine blades

D : Drag force acting on wind turbine blades
KE : Flow of kinetic energy per unit time
L : Lift force acting on wind turbine blades
m : Mass flow rate of air
n : Number of measurements
N : Number of blades used in wind turbine
P : Power
R : Wind turbine radius
T : Thrust force generated on wind turbine blades
U, V : velocity of wind
: Angle of attack
: Density of dry air
: Tip speed ratio
VAWT : Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
HAWT : Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
MW : Mega Watt
W : Watt
Kw : Kilo Watt

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 13

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

Appendix D:
GLOSSARY

AC : Alternating current as produced by the alternator.

DC : Direct current with a positive and a negative side, as in battery circuits.
Drag : A force exerted by the wind on an object. Drag is parallel to the wind
direction at the object.
Drop : Used here to describe a certain measurement of the shape of a windmill
blade. The drop affects the angle of the blade to the wind.
Leading edge : The edge of a blade that would strike an object placed in its path as the
rotor spins.
Lift : A force exerted by the wind on an object. Lift is at right angles to the
wind direction at the object.
Multimeter : A versatile electrical test instrument, used to measure voltage, current
and other parameters.
Neodymium : The name given to a type of permanent magnet containing neodymium,
iron and boron. These magnets are very strong and getting cheaper all the
time.
Phase : The timing of the cyclical alternation of voltage in a circuit. Different
phases will peak at different times.
Power : The rate of delivery of energy.
Rectifier : A semiconductor device that turns AC into DC for charging the battery.
Root : The widest part of the blade near to the hub at the center of the rotor.

Rotor : A rotating part. Magnet rotors are the steel disks carrying the magnets
past the stator. Rotor blades are the propeller driven by the wind and
driving the magnet rotors.
Thrust : The force of the wind pushing the machine backwards.
Tower : The mast supporting the windmill.
Trailing Edge : The blade edge furthest from the leading edge. The trailing edge is
sharpened, so as to release the passing air without turbulence.

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 14

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

REFERENCES
1. Arman Safdari and Kyung Chun Kim,Aerodyna mic and Structural Evaluation of
Horizontal Archimedes Spiral Wind Turbine Journal of Clean Energy
Technologies, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2015

2. Kyung Chun Kim, Ho Seong Ji, Yoon Kee Kim, Qian Lu, Joon Ho Baek and Rinus
Mieremet, Experimental and Numerical Study of the Aerodynamic Characteristics
of an Archimedes Spiral Wind Turbine Blade Energies 7, 7893-7914, 2014,.

3. drs. M. Mieremet, Msf, Kyung Chun Kim, dr. Joon Ho Baek, HoSeong Ji, The
aerodynamic method of the Archimedes Wind turbine Power solutions, 27 th May
2014.

4. Ho Seong JI, Joon Ho BAEK, Rinus MIEREMET, Kyung Chun KIM, The
Aerodynamic Performance Study on Small Wind Turbine with 500W Class through
Wind Tunnel Experiments MEMS Technology Center, Pusan National University,
Busan, 609-735, Republic of KOREA.

5. Yoon Kee Kim, Qian Lu, Ho Seong Ji, Joon Ho Beak, Rinus Mieremet, Kyung
Chun Kim,A Multi-prong Study On Aerodynamic Characteristics Of Archimedes
Spiral-Type Wind Turbine Blade Department if Engineering Research, ESCO RTS,
Doosanventuredigm, B112, Pyeongchon-Dong, 126-1, Dongan-Gu,Anyang,
Gyeonggi-Do, Korea

6. Z. Simic, J.G. Havelka, M.B. Vrhovcak Small wind turbines-A unique segment of
the wind power market, Renewable Energy 50 1027-1036, (2013).

7. Ahmed, N.A. A novel small scale efficient wind turbine for power generation.
Renew. Energy, 57, 7985, 2013.

8. Arens, E.A, Williams, P.B. The effect of wind on energy consumption in

buildings Energy Build. 1, 7784, 1977.

9. Balduzzi, F.; Bianchini, A.; Carnevale, E.A.; Ferrari, L.; Magnani, S. Feasibility
analysis of a Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine installation in the rooftop of a
building. Appl. Energy, 97, 921929, 2012.

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 15

 Fabrication And Performance Comparison Of Archimedes Wind Turbine With Conventional Wind
Turbine

10. A.S. Bahaj, L.Myers, P.A.B. James. Urban energy generation: Influence of micro-
wind turbine output on electricity consumption in buildings. Energy and
Buildings154-165 (2007)

11. HoSeong Ji Pusan National University, Korea, Republic of Aerodynamic

characteristics of an archimedes spiral wind turbine blade according to the angle of
attack change (2014)

12. Howell, R.; Qin, N.; Edwards, J.; Durrani, N. Wind tunnel and numerical study of a
small vertical axis wind turbine. Renew. Energy, 35, 412422, 2010.

13. Fujisawa, N. Velocity measurement and numerical calculations of flow fields in and
around Savonius rotors. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 59, 3950, 1996.

ME DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW Page 16