GNU Calc Reference Card Arithmetic Scientific Functions

(for version 2.02 of January 1992)

add, subtract, multiply, divide +, -, *, / ln, log10 , logb L, H L, B
raise to a power, nth root ^, I ^ exponential ex , 10x E, H E
Starting and Stopping change sign n sin, cos, tan S, C, T
reciprocal 1/x
√ & arcsin, arccos, arctan I S, I C, I T
start/stop standard Calc M-# c square root x Q inverse, hyperbolic prefix keys I, H
start/stop X keypad Calc M-# k set precision p two-argument arctan fT
start/stop either: M-# # or M-# M-# round off last two digits c 2 degrees, radians modes m d, m r
stop standard Calc q convert to fraction, float c F, c f pi (π) P
Calc tutorial M-# t enter using algebraic notation ’ 2+3*4 factorial, double factorial !, k d
run Calc in other window M-# o refer to previous result ’ 3*$^2 combinations, permutations k c, Hk c
quick calculation in minibuffer M-# q refer to higher stack entries ’ $1*$2^2 prime factorization kf
finish alg entry without evaluating LFD next prime, previous prime k n, I k n
set mode where alg entry used by default m a GCD, LCM k g, k l
Getting Help random number, shuffle k r, k h
minimum, maximum f n, f x
The h prefix key is Calc’s analogue of C-h in Emacs.
Stack Commands error functions erf, erfc f e, I f e
quick summary of keys ?
Here Sn is the nth stack entry, and N is the size of the stack. gamma, beta functions f g, f b
describe key briefly h c
incomplete gamma, beta functions f G, f B
describe key fully h k key no prefix prefix n prefix −n
Bessel Jν , Yν functions f j, f y
describe function or command h f RET copy S1 copy S1..n copy Sn
read on-line manual h i or M-# i LFD copy S2 copy Sn copy S1..n complex magnitude, arg, conjugate A, G, J
read full Calc summary h s or M-# s DEL delete S1 delete S1..n delete Sn real, imaginary parts f r, f i
M-DEL delete S2 delete Sn delete S1..n convert polar/rectangular cp
TAB swap S1 ↔S2 roll S1 to Sn roll Sn to SN
Error Recovery M-TAB roll S3 to S1 roll Sn to S1 roll SN to Sn
Financial Functions
abort command in progress C-g With a 0 prefix, these copy, delete, or reverse S1..N .
display recent error messages w enter percentage M-%
undo last operation U Display convert to percentage c%
redo last operation D percentage change b%
recall last arguments M-RET scroll horizontally, vertically < >, { } present value b P
edit top of stack ‘ home cursor o future value b F
reset Calc to default state M-# 0 (zero) line numbers on/off d l rate of return b T
trail display on/off t d number of payments b #
Transferring Data scientific notation d s size of payments b M
fixed-point notation d f net present value, int. rate of return b N, b I
grab region from a buffer M-# g floating-point (normal) notation d n Above computations assume payments at end of period. Use I
grab rectangle from a buffer M-# r group digits with commas d g prefix for beginning of period, or H for a lump sum investment.
grab rectangle, summing columns M-# : For display mode commands, H prefix prevents screen redraw straight-line depreciation bS
grab rectangle, summing rows M-# _ and I prefix temporarily redraws top of stack. sum-of-years’-digits bY
yank data to a buffer M-# y double declining balance bD
Also, try C-k/C-y or X cut and paste. Notations
Units
Examples scientific notation 6.02e23
minus sign in numeric entry _23 or 23 n enter with units ’ 55 mi/hr
In RPN, enter numbers first, separated by RET if necessary, fractions 3:4 convert to new units, base units u c, u b
then type the operator. To enter a calculation in algebraic complex numbers (x, y) convert temperature units u t
form, press the apostrophe first. polar complex numbers (r; θ) simplify units expression u s
RPN style: algebraic style: vectors (commas optional) [1, 2, 3] view units table u v
Example: 2 RET 3 + ’ 2+3 RET matrices (or nested vectors) [1, 2; 3, 4] Common units:
Example: 2 RET 3 + 4 * ’ (2+3)*4 RET error forms (p key) 100 +/- 0.5 distance: m, cm, mm, km; in, ft, mi, mfi; point, lyr
Example: 2 RET 3 RET 4 + * ’ 2*(3+4) RET interval forms [2 .. 5) volume: l or L, ml; gal, qt, pt, cup, floz, tbsp, tsp
Example: 3 RET 6 + Q 3 ^ ’ sqrt(3+6)^3 RET modulo forms (M key) 6 mod 24 mass: g, mg, kg, t; lb, oz, ton
Example: P 3 / n S ’ sin(-pi/3) RET = HMS forms 5@ 30’ 0" time: s or sec, ms, us, ns, min, hr, day, wk
date forms <Jul 4, 1992> temperature: degC, degF, K
infinity, indeterminate inf, nan

c 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permissions on back. v2.02

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 GNU Calc Reference Card Algebra Selections
enter an algebraic formula ’ 2x+3y^2 select subformula under cursor j s
Programmer’s Functions enter an equation ’ 2x^2=18 select nth subformula j n
symbolic (vs. numeric) mode m s select more j m
binary, octal, hex display d 2, d 8, d 6 unselect this, all formulas j u, j c
fractions (vs. float) mode m f
decimal, other radix display d 0, d r
suppress evaluation of formulas m O copy indicated subformula j RET
display leading zeros dz
simplify formulas automatically m S delete indicated subformula j DEL
entering non-decimal numbers 16#7FFF
return to default evaluation rules m D commute selected terms j C
binary word size b w
“Big” display mode d B commute term leftward, rightward j L, j R
binary AND, OR, XOR b a, b o, b x
C, Pascal, FORTRAN modes d C, d P, d F distribute, merge selection j D, j M
binary DIFF, NOT b d, b n
TEX, eqn modes d T, d E isolate selected term in equation j I
left shift b l
Unformatted mode d U negate, invert term in context j N, j &
logical right shift b r
Normal language mode d N rewrite selected term j r
arithmetic right shift b R
simplify formula a s
integer quotient, remainder \, %
put formula into rational form a n Graphics
integer square root, logarithm f Q, f I
evaluate variables in formula =
floor, ceiling, round to integer F, I F, R
evaluate numerically N
graph function or data g f
let variable equal a value in formula s l x =val
graph 3D function or data g F
Variables declare properties of variable s d
replot current graph g p
Common decls: pos, int, real, scalar, [a..b ].
Variable names are single digits or whole words. print current graph g P
expand, collect terms a x, a c add curve to graph g a
store to variable s t factor, partial fractions a f, a a set number of data points g N
store and keep on stack s s polynomial quotient, remainder, GCD a \, a %, a g set line, point styles g s, g S
recall from variable s r derivative, integral a d, a i set log vs. linear x, y axis g l, g L
shorthands for digit variables t n, s n, r n taylor series a t set range for x, y axis g r, g R
unstore, exchange variable s u, s x close graphics window g q
edit variable s e principal solution to equation(s) a S
list of solutions a P
generic solution H aS
Vector Operations apply function to both sides of eqn a M
Programming
rewrite formula a r begin, end recording a macro C-x (, C-x )
vector of 1, 2, . . . , n vx n Example: a r a*b + a*c := a*(b+c) replay keyboard macro X
vector of n counts from a by b C-u v x Example: a r sin(x)^2 := 1-cos(x)^2 read region as written-out macro M-# m
vector of copies of a value vb Example: a r cos(n pi) := 1 :: integer(n) :: n%2 = 0 if, else, endif Z [, Z :, Z ]
concatenate into vector | Example: a r [f(0) := 1, f(n) := n f(n-1) :: n > 0] equal to, less than, member of a =, a <, a {
pack many stack items into vector vp Put rules in EvalRules to have them apply automatically. repeat n times, break from loop Z <, Z >, Z /
unpack vector or object vu Put rules in AlgSimpRules to apply during a s command. “for” loop: start, end; body, step Z (, Z )
length of vector (list) v l Common markers: opt, plain, quote, eval, let, remember. save, restore mode settings Z ‘, Z ’
reverse vector v v display message during macro Z=
sort, grade vector V S, V G query user during macro Z#
histogram of vector data V H Numerical Computations put finished macro on a key ZK
extract vector element v r
sum formula over a range a + define function with formula ZF
matrix determinant, inverse V D, & product of formula over a range a * edit definition ZE
matrix transpose, trace v t, VT tabulate formula over a range a T record user-defined command permanently ZP
cross, dot products V C, * integrate numerically over a range a I record variable value permanently sp
identity matrix v i find zero of formula or equation a R record mode settings permanently mm
extract matrix row, column v r, vc find local min, max of formula a N, a X
intersection, union, diff of sets V ^, V V, V - fit data to line or curve a F
cardinality of set V# mean of data in vector or variable u M
add vectors elementwise (i.e., map +) V M + median of data H uM
Copyright c 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
sum elements in vector (i.e., reduce +) V R + geometric mean of data u G designed by Dave Gillespie and Stephen Gildea, v2.02
sum rows in matrix V R _+ sum, product of data u +, u * for GNU Emacs Calc version 2.02 (January 1992)
sum columns in matrix V R :+ minimum, maximum of data u N, u X Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this card pro-
sum elements, accumulate results V U + sample, pop. standard deviation u S, I u S vided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on
all copies.
For copies of the GNU Emacs Calc manual, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139.

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