a?tas?a??? ?????t?te?

?p? t? ????pa?de?a, t?? e?e??e?? e??????pa?de?a

?e? ?a ?e? ?a?e?? p?? pa?astat??? e??ata t?? s???????? ????t???a? t?? e?????s?? ap? ta
?e??t?f?a ?a? ta ??e?a t?? ????st?? St?at??t?, ?p?st????e? ? ??te?s?? (1997, s. 31
)
?? fa?tas?a??? ?????t?te? (imagined communities) ? ??e??? ?????t?te?[1] e??a? ??
???a p?? e?s??a?e ? ?p??e?t??t ??te?s?? (Benedict Anderson), ??eta??? p???t????
ep?st???a? ?a? ?st?????? e?d??e????? se ???? t?? ??t??a?at?????? ?s?a?. ??a fa?tas
?a?? ? ??e?? ?????t?ta d?af??e? ap? ?a ?????t?ta "?es?? epaf??"[2] , st? ?t? de? as
??eta? (?a? ??a p?a?t????? ?????? de? ?a p????se ?a as??eta?) st?? ?a??e???? p??s?p
?-e-p??s?p? a????ep?d?as? eta?? t?? e??? t??. G?a pa??de??a, ? ??te?s?? p?ste?e? ?t?
??a ????? e??a? ?a ????????? ?atas?e?as??? ?????t?ta, t?? ?p??a fa?t????ta? ?? ??
???p?? p?? a?t??a????ta? t??? ea?t??? t??? ?? ??? a?t?? t?? ??da?.[3] ?p?? p?ste?e?
? ??te?s??, ??e? ?? ?????t?te? e ??p??? ??a?? ??e???, a??a ?a? ?? p???e?te?????, e?
?a? fa?tas?a???.[4]
?? ???? Fa?tas?a??? ?????t?te?, st? ?p??a e???e? t?? ?d?a t??, e?d????e ??a p??t? f?
?? t? 1983 ?a? epa?e?d????e t? 1991 e p??s?eta ?ef??a?a. ??e? etaf?aste? ?a? sta e
??????? t? 1997.[3]
?? ?a? ? ???? ep???????e ??a ?a a?afe??e? e?d??? st?? e?????s?, s?e?a ???s??p??e?ta
? e???te?a, s?ed?? ?? s?????? t?? ???? ?????t?ta s?fe???t??. G?a pa??de??a, p??e? ?a ?
??s??p????e? se s??s? e ?a ?????t?ta p?? as??eta? st?? se???a???? p??sa?at???s?,[5] e
?te ?a ??s?p???t??? ?????t?ta p?? e?d?af??eta? ??a pa???s???? ???d????? ?p?? ????????
??? ? ??????????.[6]
? ??te?s?? ???se t? ????? ?? ?a fa?tas?a?? p???t??? ?????t?ta t?? ?p??a ?a?e?? fa
?t??eta? ?? e??e??? pe?????s??? ?a? ????a???. ?a ??? t?? t????? st? ?a?? t??? ?a ???
t? e????a t?? s??se?? eta?? t???, ?p?? p.?. st?? pe??pt?s? e?????? e??t?ta? p?? a
?s?????ta? ta ??? ?ta? ? fa?tas?a?? t??? ?????t?ta s?et??e? se ?a ?ad??? e?d???s? ?p??
?? ???p?a??? ????e?. ?p?? t? ??te? ? Anderson, ??a ????? e??a? fa?tas?a?? epe?d? ?
a???a ????, a??? ?a? t?? ????te??? ??????, de? ?a ?????se? p?t? ta pe??ss?te?a ap?
ta ?p????pa ???, de? ?a ta s??a?t?se? ??te ?a? ?a a???se? ??a a?t?, ??? ? ?a???a?
??e? t?? a?s??s? t?? s??a???e??.[7]
Te??e?ta? pe?????s??? epe?d? ?t? t? ????? ??e? ?a????s??a, ?st? ?? a? e??a? e?ast???,
s????a, p??a ap? ta ?p??a ??s???ta? ta ???a ????.[8] ???a? ????a??? (sovereign) ?
????t?ta epe?d? st? s??????? ep??? ?a d??ast??? ??a???a de? p??e? ?a d?e?d???se? e?
??s?a p??? s a?t? t?? ???????a. ? ?d?a a?t? ?e??????e st?? ep??? ?at? t?? ?p??a ?
??af?t?s?? ?a? ? Ga????? ?pa??stas? ?at?st?efa? t? ????p???s? t?? ?e??? ???a??????,
?e?a????? d??ast???? ??s??.[8]
?????, ??a ????? e??a? ?a fa?tas?a?? ?????t?ta epe?d? a?e???t?ta ap? t?? ??s?ast??
? a??s?t?ta ?a? t?? e?et???e?s? p?? ????a??e? se ???e ?????t?ta, t? ????? ??e?ta?
p??ta sa? ?a a???, ??????t?a s??t??f??? s??s?. Se te?e?ta?a a????s?, e??a? a?t? t
? a?s??a t?? ade?f?t?ta? p?? d??e? t? d??at?t?ta se t?sa e?at????a a????p??? t??? d
?? te?e?ta???? a???e?, ??? t?s? ?a s??t?????, ?s? ?a e??a? p?????? ?a d????? t? ?
?? t??? ??a t?s? pe?????s??e? fa?tas??se??.[9]
?at? t?? ??te?s??, ? d???????a fa?tas?a??? ?????t?t?? ?at?st? d??at? ???? t?? ??t?
p?? ?ap?ta??s??. ?ap?ta??st?? ep??e???at?e? t?p??a? ta ???a ?a? ta ?sa e?????s?? t???
t?? ?a???? e?????? ???sse? (a?t? se ???sse? ?p?? ta ?at?????), p???e????? ?a e??st
?p????e? ? ?????f???a. O? ap?t??esa, ?? a?a???ste? p?? ????sa? d??f??e? t?p???? d?
a???t??? ?????a? se ??s? ?a ?ata?aa????? ? ??a? t?? ???? ?a? ?ts? p??????e ??a? ??
???? d???????. ? ??te?s?? ?p?st????e ?t? ta p??ta e???pa??? ????-???t? s??at?st??
a? ?ts? ???? ap? t?? e?????? ??t?pe? ???sse? t???. ? ?d??? ?ftase s a?t? t? ?e???a
epe?d? ?????e ?t? ??te ? a???st??? ??te ? f??e?e??e?? f???s?f?a e?????sa? epa????
t?? e?????s?.
? pa???s?a ?????? e ta p??????a ?sa ep????????a? ????? epe?te??e? t? fa?tas?a?? t?? e
???? p??a ap? ta ?e???af??? t??? ???a, pa?? apa????e? ta e????? ???a.[10]
? s????af?a? ?atat?sseta? st?? ?st?????st??? ? ??te???st??? s???? e?et?t?? t?? e??
???s??, a?? e t?? ???st G????e? (Ernest Gellner) ?a? t?? ???? ??psp? (Eric Hobsbawm),
t?? ?????a ?t? p?ste?e? ?t? ta ???? ?a? ? e?????s?? e??a? p?????ta t?? ?e?te????
t?ta? ?a? ????? d????????e? ?? ?sa ??a p???t????? ?a? ??????????? s??p???. ??t? ? s
???? ???eta? se a?t??es? e t??? p??t?????st?? (primordialists), ?? ?p???? p?ste????
?t? ta ????, a? ??? ? e?????s??, ?p?????? ap? t?? a???? t?? a????p???? ?st???a?.
?? fa?tas?a??? ?????t?te? p????? ?a ?e??????? ?? ?a ??f? ?????????? ???st????t??s??
se a?a????a e t?? fa?tas?a??? ?e???af?e? t?? ??t??a??t Sa??t (Edward Said). ?at?
t?? Gellner ?e?t???? ???? st?? s??at?s? t?? e?????? ?????t?t?? ??e? ? a????? a?fa?t?
s?? e?? ?at? t?? ??te?s?? ? d??d?s? t?? t?p???af?a?.[11]
Se a?t??es? e t?? G????e? ?a? t?? ??psp?, ? ??te?s?? de? e??a? a?t??et?? p??? t?? ?d
?a t?? e?????s?? ??te ?e??e? ?t? ? e?????s?? e??a? ?epe?as???? se ??a? pa???s??p????e
?? ??s?. ? Anderson e?t?? t? ??t?p??? st???e?? st?? e?????s?.[12] S?f??a e t? ?e???a
t??, ?? ????e? a?t?e? t?? e?????s?? e??a? ? e???e?? s?as?a t?? p?????a??? p??sas?? se
??apt?? ???sse? ?p?? ta ?at????? ???? t?? a????? ?a???? e?pa?de?s??, t? ????a ??a
t?? ?at????s? t?? ?de?? t?? e??? Te?? e???s?a? ?a? t?? ??????????? ??a???a?, ?a? ? ef
???s? t?? ??t?p?? ?ap?ta??s?? - ??a ta fa???e?a p?? efa?????ta? e t?? ??a??? t?? ????
?a????? ?pa??stas??.
? ??t??? S?? (Anthony D. Smith) ?p?st????e? ?t?, a??? ?a? a? ta ???? e??a? t? p???
?? t?? ?e?te????t?ta?, e??a? d??at? ?a ?e???? pa?ad?s?a?? e????? (ethnic) st???e?
a p?? ep??????? se s??????a ????. ?? e?????? ??de? e??a? d?af??et???? ap? ta ????.
?a ???? e??a? t? ap?t??esa ?a? t??p??? epa??stas?? p?? a????e? e t?? a??pt??? t??
?ap?ta??s?? ?a? ?d??e? se ??a ??afe????at??? ?a? p???t?s??? s???e?t??t?s?, a?? e ?a ap
??e?a e???s?a? ap? t?? ?????s?a. ? S??, ?st?s?, ?p?st????e? ?t? ?p?????? ep?s?? p
????? pe??pt?se?? a??a??? e???? ?a?, ?ts?, de? p??e? ?a ?e????e? ??te???st??.
? ?????a t?? fa?tas?a??? ?????t?ta? pa?a??e? ?d?a?te?a ep??a??? se ??a s??????? p
????at?s? pe?? t?? p?? ta ????-???t? s?????t??? ?a? a?ap??sa?????? t?? ta?t?t?t? t??
? se s??s? e es?te????? ?a? e??te????? p???t????, ?p?? ?? p???t???? ??a t??? eta??
ste? ?a? t? eta??ste?s?.[13]
???t???
???t??? st? ?e???a t?? ??te?s?? ??e? as???e? ap? ep?st???e? d?af???? e?d???t?t??.
? ?e?????? ?a? ?st?????? ??t??a? ?st????? (Adrian Hastings) p?ste?e? ?t? ? ?p??
es? t?? ??te?s?? e??a? ?a e?a??et??? ?pe?ap???ste???? e????a t?? ???t??? ?a? t?? ?
??s?e?a? st?? ????p? p??? ap? ta t??? t?? 18?? a???a. ?at a?t?? ? ??te?s?? de? e?
??e? ??at? ? d??d?s? t?? ????? de? e??e st?? 16? a???a t? ap?t??esa p?? ?p?t??eta?
?t? e??e st?? 17? a???a, e?? de? e???e?ta? ?a? ? e??p??s? t?? e?????s?? st?? ?e?t
???? ?a? ??at????? ????p? ?ta? de? e??a? a??????? ????a??p???s?. ?p?s??, e?? ? ??t
e?s?? ?s?????eta? ?t? ? ??a??? t?? e?????s?? s???? st?? ?e???? ?a? ??? st?? ????p?,
de? e???e? epa???? ??at? s???? a?t?.[14] ? ?st????? ep?s?? pa?at??e? ?t? ? ??te?
s?? de? ?a??e? ?p??? t?? ?t? ?a? ? p??f????? f???????a p??e? ?a ap?te??se? ?s?? ??a
t?? a?t?-fa?tas?a e??? ??????, ?t? ? p??f????? p???s? e??e a?e?? e?????st??? ep?d
?as?, ?a? ?t? ? ????? e??a? ??a ????? ?s?? ?sa ap? t? ?p??? fa?t????ta? t? ????? ??
a?a???ste? t?? (Hastings, s. 23, 135, 12). S?e???e? ep?s?? t?? d?af???e? p?? ?p?
????? ?? p??? t? s?e?? ef???s?? t?? ???????? ??????, t? ?p??? t?p??ete?ta? se d??f
??e? ep????, ap? t?? 8? ??? t?? 19? , e?? ? ??te?s?? t? t?p??ete? st?? ep??? t??
???t???a??? ?pe??a??s??. (Hastings, s. 35).
?f?e????? st?? ???t??? t?? ?e???a? t?? Fa?tas?a??? ?????t?t?? t?? ??te?s?? e??a? ??
??? t?? ?a????t??a? p???t???? ep?st??? R. Desai[15] ? ?p??a s?e???e? ta a?t?fat???
?a? af??e??e?a s?e?a ?a? t?? etast??f?? a?t?? t?? ?e???a? ?ste ?a e???e?se? fa???e?a
?p?? ? d???????a e?????? ??at?? et? t? d????s? t?? S??et???? ???s?? ?a? ? pa???s??p?
??s?. ? ?d?a pa?at??e? ?t? ? ??te?s?? de? ?ataf???e? ?a a?t???f?e? t?? a????ep?d
?as? eta?? ?a???s??/??????s?? ?a? e?????s??.[16]
?s?? af??? t?? ap??e?? t?? e? ???? s????? ??a t?? ?e?e??????? e????? d?a??f?s?, ?
?e? ???e? ? pa?at???s? ?t? t?s? ? Anderson ?s? ?a? ????? s???????? ?st?????? ???
?? e???p? ???s? t?? e???????? ?st???a?, ?????? ???? t?? ad??a?a? t??? ?a e?et?s???
p???? st?? e??????? ???ssa. ??d???te?a ??a t?? Anderson a?af??eta? ?t? ? ???se?
? t?? ??a t?? ?e?e??????? ?st???a a?t????ta? ap? t?? Kendourie, ? ?p???? fa??eta
? ?t? t? ??? ?e?e??????? ?e?e?? p?? ??e? d?a?se? e??a? t? "?p???a" t?? ???a? (1803) ?
?a??? sta ?a?????. ??se? a?t?? ? Kendourie s???t?se t?? ?p??? ?t? ? ???a?? e??a? ?
p??t?? ?e??????a? p?? a?s???eta? ?t? ?? ?????e? e??a? ap?????? t?? a??a??? ?????
??.[17]
St? d??st?a p?? es????se eta?? t?? p??t?? ?a? t?? de?te??? (1991) ??d?s?? t?? "Imagi
ned communities" a?ade?????a? ?e?te?e? ?e???e? ??a t? ???es? t?? e?????s??, ?p??
a?t? t?? Anthony Smith, ?? ?p??e? ?at?st?sa? e? ??e? ?epe?as??? t? ???? t?? Anders
on. ? ?d???, p??ta a????t?? st?? ???t????, st?? e?sa???? t?? de?te??? ??d?s?? a?
a??????e? ?t? t?s? ? ??s?? ?s? ?a? ? e??t? t?? e?????s?? ????? a????e? s?a?t???, ?t?
t? ???? t?? de? p??e? ?a p??sa??ste? s' a?t?? t?? a??a??? ?a? ?t? ep????e? ?a t?
d?at???se? ?? ??a "a?ast?????? ???t? ep????".[18][19]
?a?ap?p??
S????a? ?????, ?st??????af?a ?a? ?st???a t?? p?a?t???? t?? ??af??: ??a p?????? st
?? ?st???a t?? s??at?s?? t?? ?????a? e?????s?? ?a? st?? pa?a???? t?? ?e?e???????? e
?????? ?st??????af?a?, st? ?st??????af?a t?? ?e?te??? ?a? s???????? ????da? 1833
-2002. ? ??e???? S???d??? ?st???a?, ??a?t???, ????a, 2004, t?. ? , se?. 105.
S????a? ?., s. 104.
??te?s??, ?p??e?t??t (1997). Fa?tas?a??? ?????t?te?. St??as?? ??a t?? apa???? ?a?
t? d??d?s? t?? e?????s??. ????a: ?ef???. ISBN 960-211-311-1.
??te?s?? 1997, s. 26.
Ross, C. (2012). Imagined communities: initiatives around LGBTQ ageing in Italy.
Modern Italy, 17(4), 449-464. doi:10.1080/13532944.2012.706997
Beck, Ulrich (2011), 'Cosmopolitanism as Imagined Communities of Global Risk', A
merican Behavioral Scientist, 55, 10, pp. 1346-1361.
??te?s?? 1997, s. 26
??te?s?? 1997, s. 27
??te?s?? 1997, s. 28
Uriya Shavit, The New Imagined Community: Global Media and the Construction of N
ational and Muslim Identities of Migrants, Sussex Academic Press, 2009, se?. 44.
S????a? ?., s. 105.
Interview with Benedict Anderson by Lorenz Khazaleh
, University of Oslo website
Bauder, H. (2011) Immigration Dialectic: Imagining Community, Economy and Nation
. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Adrian Hastings, The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationa
lism, Cambridge University Press, 6 ??e 1997, s. 10, 11.
Radhika Desai. ?????af??? ?a? ??????af?a, ?a?ep?st??? t?? Manitoba, ?a?ad??.
Radhika Desai (2009) The Inadvertence of Benedict Anderson: Engaging Imagined Co
mmunities.
The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus.
?a?e??? ??s??, ?? pe??p?te?e? t?? e???????? s??e?d?s??. ?a????. "?de???pt??? a??
???s?". ?f?. "?? ??a", 23/01/2005.
??????? Sp????, "?????????? ep?st?e?, ????? ?a? e?????s??". ????a se ?e??da e ??a "? ?
??? ??????s??: ?????a, pe??e??e??, ??????? ???a p?? d???????se ? ??ad??a ??????, 19
??t????? 2010. ???s?e?s? "???? ???? ? ??????", ?t?? 1?, te???? 1?, 2011
Anderson Benedict, Imagined communities, revised edition, Verso, London - N.
York, 2006. ?e????e? "??????? st? ?e?te?? ??d?s?", 1991, se?. xi-xv.
St? ??a a?t? ??e? e?s?at??e? ?e?e?? ap? t? ??a Imagined communities t?? ??????
?? ????pa?de?a?, ? ?p??a d?a??eta? ?p? t?? GNU FDL ?a? t?? CC-BY-SA 3.0
. (?st?????/s??t??te?).
?at?????e?:
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????ate ??p??? sf??a ? pa???e???;
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???tas? ??a d?????s?
???? ?a ???ste ?t? p??e?te ?a p??????sete ? ?d??? st? d?????s? t?? ?a??? p?? ???ate
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