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ON
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
Himanshu Rawat
Roll.No.:216ME1357
Abstract
An anti-lock braking system is also known as an active braking system or anti-skid
braking system is a safety system that allows the wheels to maintain a tractive
contact with the surface as per the input to brakes given to the wheels of a motor
vehicle by the operators. It prevents the locking up of the wheels i.e. ceasing of
rotation and helps in avoiding skidding. It uses an automated system which works
on the principle of threshold braking and cadence braking used in previous
generation braking systems. ABS in its early days used hydraulic systems to transfer
brake force from brake pedal to the pedal and them to rotor. Then Pneumatics
were introduced and now days a combination of electronic and mechanical systems
is used in ABS. Controlling is done at a much faster rate and provides better control.
ABS offers improved control of the vehicles as a result stopping distance on slippery
and dry surfaces is decreased. ABS stopping distance increases significantly on a
surface with lose gravels but control is improved. Recent upgraded systems prevent
locking of wheels under braking. The front-to-rear brake bias are controlled
electronically. Electronic brake force distribution, traction control system and
emergency brake assist depends on the specific capabilities of the antilock braking
system.
Patents
1. Title: Anti-lock brake system
Assignee: Rockwell International Corporation
Appl. NO.: US 07/216,918
Date: 6 June, 1989
An antilock brake system utilizes a microprocessor controller to monitor the
rate of speed decay of a braked wheel of a vehicle and to cause release of
braking force under incipient wheel lock-up conditions. The microprocessor
receives a single digital wheel speed input signal and processes the latter in
accordance with a program whereby a reference signal is generated and is
periodically compared with the wheel speed signal to determine if a lock-up
condition is in progress. The microprocessor compares the speed signal with
the reference signal at frequent sampling intervals and when the wheel
speed decreases at a rate exceeding a desired value, the reference signal is
varied by the microprocessor to decrease at a predetermined first rate of
decrement until the wheel speed signal and the reference signal correspond
to each other, indicating that the wheel speed is dropping at a rate in excess
of a desired rate of speed decay. The microprocessor adjusts the rate of
decrement of the reference signal at a second maximum rate and generates
a brake release signal to relieve the brake force applied to the wheel.
The motor current in a vehicle antilock brake system motor driven pressure
modulator is increased in stepwise fashion to ramp the brake pressure in the
apply phase of an antilock braking cycle. At the beginning of each current
step as the motor current is increased in stepwise fashion, the motor torque
is increased momentarily at least by an amount to assure that the static
friction of the pressure modulator is overcome and that motor rotation is
initiated. The motor torque is increased to a value to initiate motor rotation
at the beginning of each current step by momentarily increasing the motor
current to a value greater than the current step value by a predetermined
amount that assures that the increase of motor torque exceeds the static
friction of the pressure modulator.
3. Title: Anti-lock braking system with electromagnetic brake
Assignee: General Motors Corporation
Appl. NO.: US 07/669,144
Date: 12 May, 1992
10. Title: Anti-lock braking system module for aircraft equipped with master
cylinder brake systems
Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
Appl. NO.: US 10/054,048
Date: 6 January, 2004
A combination brake and anti-lock system for a wheeled vehicle such as an
aircraft includes an operator controlled source of pressurized hydraulic fluid
for selectively applying hydraulic pressure to a hydraulically actuated wheel
rotation braking device which responds to the applied hydraulic pressure to
apply a braking force to a wheel of the vehicle to thereby arresting wheel
motion. There is a low pressure hydraulic fluid return with a normally open
hold valve in circuit between the source and the braking device for
selectively opening and closing a fluid flow path from the source to the
braking device and a normally closed decay valve in circuit between
the braking device and the return for selectively opening and closing a fluid
flow path from the braking device to the return. A wheel speed sensing
device provides an indication of the rotational speed of the wheel and a valve
control responds to an indication of a skid indicative wheel speed irregularity
from the sensing device to close the normally open valve and open the
normally closed valve. The valve control may be disabled manually by an
operator on command or automatically upon detecting an anti-skid
malfunction
11. Title: Predictive control algorithm for an antilock braking system for an
automotive vehicle
Assignee: Visteon Global technologies Inc.
Appl. NO.: US 10/071,070
Date: 27 April, 2004
18. Title: An antilock braking system with continuous wheel slip control
Assignee: Kelsey-Hayes Company
Appl. NO.: EP20040715675
Date: 18 April, 2012