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5G Base Station Antenna Design

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Agenda

5G Design Challenges

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator

5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies

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Agenda

5G Design Challenges

MIMO

Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator

5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies

CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com


5G Design Challenges
High Gain Requirements
Mobile Device: 12 dB and Base Station: 25 dB

High Frequency (28 GHz)


Array topology
Atmospheric effects

Diversity Gain: MIMO


Multipath

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Agenda

5G Design Challenges

MIMO

Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator

5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies

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Communication Networks
Communication antennas need to cope with a complex environment

All base-station antennas are Multi-path signal transmission


placed near the horizontal plane may lead to destructive signal
Mean Effective Gain (MEG) overlay, resulting in local deep
dips (called Rayleigh-Fading)
Diversity/MIMO

Tilted reflecting planes change


signal polarization
Cross Polarization Rate (XPR)

MIMO Antenna Systems for Advanced Communication


Webinar
https://www.cst.com/Applications/Article/MIMO-Antenna-Advanced-Communication

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Diversity / MIMO Antennas
Simple Maximal Signal Diversity Gain
Multi-path signal transmission may
lead to destructive signal overlay
resulting in local deep dips
(called Rayleigh-Fading)

Antenna 1

Antenna 2
Multiple antennas (antenna diversity)
may overcome this problem
best of (diversity gain)

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Diversity / MIMO Antennas
Select from:
Diversity Gain
Envelope Correlation Coefficient
Multiplexing Efficiency
Mean Effective Gain

Load farfield of second antenna

Envelope Correlation from Farfield: Envelope Corr. from S-Parameters:

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Agenda

5G Design Challenges

MIMO

Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator

5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies

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MIMO Base Station Array Example

[1] Konstantinos Prionidis, MIMO Configurable Array for Sector / Omni-Directional Coverage, Department of Signals
& Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 2014

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Huawei MIMO Base Station Example
-Novel antenna array concept study for small cell sizes
(higher capacity and efficiency), 25% bandwidth at 2GHz

-MIMO Diversity gain central to improved efficiency

-2 logical ports; Polarization diversity utilized (Eh and


Ev received)

-12 physical ports (spatial diversity)

-Unique 360azimuth plane beam forming capabilities

-Elevation up and down tilt beam steering capabillities

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Horizontal Element

Horizontal (top)

Vertical (bottom)

4 printed arc-dipoles, centrally fed


Printed stack up and parasitic tuning elements used to obtain
good compromise between size and bandwidth (~27%)
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Vertical Element

Vertical (top)

Horizontal (bottom)

Small ground monopole

Planar width increases bandwidth

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Obtained Return Loss

Broadband impedance matching obtained, while maintaining compact antenna


configuration

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Array Design and Considerations

Both horizontal and vertical elements can produce one vertical polarized
omni-directional OR one vertical polarized sector radiation pattern

Spacing between horizontal elements a challenge, grating lobes for array

Top and bottom ground plates introduce phased reflections to mitigate; acts as
a small ground for vertical monopole elements

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Agenda

5G Design Challenges

MIMO

Huawei MIMO Base Station Demonstrator

5G Antenna Magus Base Station Case Studies

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Mobile Broadband Communication System

28 GHz system
500 MHz bandwidth
25 dBi Transmit gain (Sector antenna)
12 dBi Receive gain (Mobile)

* Antenna Array Design for Multi-Gbps mmWave Mobile Broadband Communication


Sridhar Rajagopal, Shadi Abu-Surra, Zhouyue Pi and Farooq Khan, Dallas Technology Lab,
Samsung Electronics,

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station

Millimetre Wave
Base station
Very High Gain

OR

An array of Millimetre Wave antennas


Base station
Very High Gain

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
Objectives:
Centre frequency(f) = 28 GHz
Gain (G) = 25 dBI

Parameters:
Waveguide width (Wg) = 8.405 mm
Waveguide height (Hg) = 8.405 mm
Waveguide length (Lg) = 16.86 mm
Flare angle of the horn () = 28
Length from apex to outer top edge (Lt) = 172.4 mm

Derived Quantities:
The length of the antenna (X) = 172.4 mm
The width of the antenna (Y) = 42.99 mm
The height of the antenna (Z) = 69.23 mm
Length from apex to inner bottom edge (Lb) = 105.3 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
Hexagonal sector-array layout

Objectives:
Centre frequency(f) = 28 GHz
Number of array elements (N) = 6
Radius of the array = 7 (75 mm)

Derived Quantities:
Diameter = 150 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
Objectives:
Centre frequency(f) = 28 GHz
Objectives: Gain(G) = 11 dBi
Centre frequency (f) = 28 GHz
Gain (G) = 12 dBi Derived Quantities:
Number of elements = 14
Parameters:
Length = 68.20 mm
Aperture width (Wa) = 19.65 mm Spacing = 5.238 mm

Diameter of coaxial inner conductor (Di) = 357.1 m


Diameter of coaxial outer conductor (Do) = 822.5 m
Length of the coaxial feed (Lc) = 1.071 mm

Derived Quantities:
The width of the antenna (aperture width) (X) = 19.65 mm
The height of the antenna (aperture height) (Y) = 6.901 mm
The length of the antenna (waveguide length + flare length) (Z) = 12.07 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
Objectives: Objectives:
Centre frequency (f) = 28 GHz Centre frequency (f) = 28 GHz
Gain (G) = 11 dBi Number of elements = 14
Spacing = 0.7 (7.493 mm)
Derived Quantities: Side lobe level = 30dB
Number of elements = 14
Length = 68.20 mm Derived Quantities:
Spacing = 5.238 mm Length = 90.47 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
Hexagonal sector-array layout

Objectives:
Centre frequency(f) = 28 GHz
Number of array elements (N) = 6
Radius of the array = 3 (37.5 mm)

Derived Quantities:
Diameter = 64.24 mm

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Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
150
mm

105mm

65mm
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Array Comparison
Parameter Base Station 1 Base Station 2

Number of Elements 6 14 x 6 [84]


Gain (dBi) 24.8 21.79
Sector 3dB Beamwidth (deg) 11.17 22.18
Array Size in Az (mm) 150.0 65.0
Array Size in El (mm) 172.4 105.0
Beam Steering in El No Yes

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Summary
5G Antenna Device design will require high efficiency devices at
frequencies approaching mm wave

MIMO Base Station design for maximum diversity

Antenna Magus provides Antenna and Array synthesis for rapid


design exploration

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Thank you

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