Wireless Communications Homework #3 Solutions

Prof. Mostofi
1. Consider a wireless system with the following parameters:

transmitted power: +20 dBm

minimum usable received power: 100 dBm
gain of transmitting antenna: 10 dB
gain of receiving antenna: 0 dB
frequency: 2 GHz

Instead of 1 base station, assume that there are 4 base stations arranged in a square grid, with
each base station at one of the corners of the grid. The user is located at the center of the square.
The signal power received by the user from each of the base station is log-normally distributed
with the mean of the log being Pr (d) = 42 45log(d) and = 10 dB, with d representing the
distance. Assume the signal powers from different base stations are independent. Neglect small
scale variations.

(a) How far can the base stations be separated if we want the system to work with a probability
of 90%?
(b) Repeat for 99%.

Solution:

1. (a) Let Pi be the signal level in dBm received from the ith base station, 1 i 4. For the
system to work 90% of the time using selection diversity,

Pr {P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 < 100 dBm} = 0.1

Since Pi are iid N (Pr (d), ), the above can be reduced to

(Pr {P1 < 100 dBm})4 = 0.1,

and further
Pr {P1 < 100 dBm} = 0.11/4 = 0.562.
So
100 dBm Pr (d)
Q = 1 0.562 = 0.438.

Since Q(0.15) = 0.438, we have

Pr (d) = 100 dBm 0.15 = 100 1.5 = 101.5 dBm

From
Pr (d) = 42 45 log d, we get d = 1545. So the distance between the base stations is
D = 2d = 2185.

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 (b) Similarly, for 99%,
Pr {P1 < 100 dBm} = 0.011/4 = 0.316,
then
Pr (d) (100 dBm)
Q = 0.316.

Since Q(0.48) = 0.316, Pr (d) = 100 dBm + 0.48
= 100 + 4.8 = 95.2 dBm. From
Pr (d) = 42 45 log d, we get d = 1119 and D = 2d = 1583.

2. Consider a receiver implementing microscopic diversity using two antennas. Let the envelope of
the signals received by the two antennas at a given time instant be r1 and r2 . Assume the noise at
the antennas is uncorrelated and has the same power N . Compute the instantaneous SNR for this
time instant at the output of the diversity combiner for selection diversity, equal gain combining,
and maximum ratio combining respectively for the following two cases. Assume that u(t), the
baseband equivalent transmitted signal, is one for the duration of transmission (this also means
that Pt = 1).

(a) r1 = r2 = r.
(b) r1 r2 = r.

Express your answer in terms of , where i , ri2 /N for i = 1, 2.

Solution:

(a) r1 = r2 = r
r2 /2
Selection: SNR= =
N
(r + r)2 /2
Equal Gain: SNR= = 2
N +N
r2 /2 r2 /2
Maximum Ratio: SNR= + = 2
N N
(b) r1 r2 = r
r2 /2
Selection: SNR= =
N2
r /2 1
Equal Gain: SNR= =
N +N 2
r2 /2
Maximum Ratio: SNR= =
N

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2. Problem 7.3 of Goldsmith

3. Problem 7.9 of Goldsmith

3
4. Problem 7.16 of Goldsmith

5. Problem 7.17 of Goldsmith