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Precipitating Factors:
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Hypertension
Vices (Alcohol, smoke)
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Age
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Heart Diseases
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DEATH Severe Cases
A stroke is caused by a blocked or bleeding artery in the brain. Most
strokes are due to blocked arteries that supply blood to the brain and are called
ischemic strokes. Strokes due to bursting of brain blood vessels are called
hemorrhagic strokes. Intracerebral hemorrhage is caused by bleeding into the
brain itself, while subarachnoid hemorrhage is due to bleeding around the base
of the brain. A TIA (transient ischemic attack) is caused by a temporary blockage
of blood flow to a blood vessel to the brain lasting less than 24 hours. Another,
rarer, form of stroke can occur when a vein (that drains blood out of the brain) is
blocked. This is called a venous stroke.
Ischemic Stroke
This type of stroke is caused by blockage of a blood vessel (artery)
supplying the brain. Brain tissue that no longer receives its blood supply can die
within a few hours unless something is done to stop the damage. The blockage
of arteries can occur in large arteries in the neck or the base of the brain, or in
small arteries inside the brain itself. A blood clot can form in the brain or it can
form elsewhere and be carried to the brain by an artery and after having an
ischemic stroke and the majority of survivors have some long term disability.
There are many conditions that increase a person's risk of ischemic stroke.
These include high blood pressure, smoking, heart diseases, diabetes, narrowing
of arteries supplying the brain, high cholesterol and an unhealthy lifestyle.
Treating these conditions can decrease stroke risk.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
This type of stroke is caused by the bleeding of a blood vessel within the
brain. As a result of the bleeding a blood clot forms in the brain, which puts
pressure on the brain and damages it. Although intracerebral hemorrhage is less
common than ischemic stroke and it is more serious. The most common cause of
intracerebral hemorrhage is high blood pressure. Another cause, especially in
younger people with intracerebral hemorrhages, is abnormally formed blood
vessels in the brain (vascular malformations or aneurysms).
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage results from the bleeding of an artery around
the base of the brain. It is the least common stroke type, accounting for about 5%
of all strokes. The most frequent cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding
from an aneurysm. An aneurysm is a weakening and ballooning of a short portion
of an artery (similar to a bubble on the side of an old hose). The factors that can
increase a persons risk of this type of stroke include high blood pressure,
smoking, and a family history of burst aneurysms.
Venous Stroke
Venous stroke is caused by a blood clot blocking the veins that allow
blood to drain out of the brain. (All other strokes are caused by abnormalities of
arteries carrying blood to the brain). Venous stroke causes a back pressure
effect that leads to the stroke. These strokes can be either ischemic or
hemorrhagic. Some causes of venous stroke include severe dehydration, severe
infection in the sinuses of the head and medical or genetic conditions that
increase a persons tendency to form blood clots.
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