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A. Ion Bonds
Ionic bond formed by the removal or accept electrons by atoms bonded. Atoms that
release electrons to become positive ions (cations) were atoms receive electrons into the negative
ions (anions). Ionic bond is usually called bonding elektrovalen. Compounds that have ionic
bonds called ionic compounds.
Normally an ionic compound formed between atoms of metallic and non-metallic
elements. Atoms of metal elements tend to release electrons to form positive ions, and a non-
metal atoms tend to capture electrons to form negative ions. Example: NaCl, MgO, CAF2, Li2O,
ALF3
coat Lewis electron dot symbol consists of the elements and the points that each point
describe the valence electrons of atoms of elements. Dots electrons are the outer electrons.
to distinguish the origin of valence electrons in the use of the mark (O) may be replaced
with asterisks (x), but basically the electrons have similar Lewis dot symbol. Coat of Lewis's
point of transition metals, lanthanides and actinides can not be written in a simple, because it has
skin that is not fully charged. Examples of the use Lewis dot symbol in an ionic bond as follows.
Florida Sodium compound composed of one atom of sodium and one atom Na
Flor, F. Characteristics of Sodium is a metal element while Cl is non-metallic elements.
The use of NaF, Sodium Fluoride frequently encountered is the toothpaste. These
compounds are used in addition to whiten teeth but also strengthens the tooth structure.
B. Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds occur due to the use of shared pair of electrons by the atoms bonded.
Shared electron pair is called the bonding pair (PEI) and the valence electron pairs are not
involved in the formation of a covalent bond is called a lone pair (PEB). The covalent bond
generally occurs between atoms of non-metallic elements, can be similar (eg, H2,N2,O2, Cl2,F2,
Br2).Compounds containing only covalent bonds called covalent compounds.
Based on Lewis dot symbol can be made structure or formula Lewis Lewis. Lewis
structure is a depiction of covalent bonds using Lewis dot symbol where PEI is expressed by a
line or a dot placed between the two atoms and PEB represented by dots on each atom.
1. Formation of NH4+
utilities ammonia in our daily lives: In the form of ammonia nitrogen, is used as fertilizer,
medicine, nitric acid, urea, hidrasin, amen, and cooling.
2. The formation of H2SO4
Sulfuric acid is produced on a large scale in the factory because many digunakansebagai
the manufacture of everyday products .:
3. Formation of SO3
Usefulness:
treatment of venomous animal bite wound. May also sulfur which has been made lighter mash
until smooth and input into the hole bites, and then burn it.
Drug rashes on the skin. sulfur grab for the thumb, and then crushed together 3 eggs pepper and
half nutmeg. After a smooth, stir in a tablespoon of kerosene and water. Apply on the body that
attacked hives.
Eliminating phlegm / leather adorning ringworm. After sulfur refined, mixing them with cooking
oil and then stir until smooth. Apply on the skin berpanu or ringworm. Do it as often as possible
Sulfur is essential to life. Sulfur is a constituent of fat, body fluids and bone mineral, at a lower
rate.
To create sulfuric acid.
To make SO2 gas that was used to wash materials made of wool and silk.
In the tire industry, sulfur for the vulcanization of rubber tire related that increases the tension
and strength.
Sulfur is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, explosives, and industrial lighters using Sb2S3.
C. Metallic Bonds
Metal bond is a chemical bond formed by shared use of the valence electrons in the metal
antaratomatom. Example: iron, zinc, and silver. Metal bonding is not ionic or covalent bonds.
One theory put forward to explain the metallic bond is the theory of sea of electrons.
Examples of the metal bonding. The locus of valence electrons of an atom of iron (Fe)
may overlap with the locus of valence electrons of atoms of Fe else. Antarelektron overlap
allows the valence electron valence of each atom of Fe move freely in the space between the ions
Fe + form a sea of electrons. Because oppositely charged (Fe2+ dam 2 e-) then the force of
attraction between the ions Fe and these free electrons. As a result, bonds are formed so-called
metallic bonds.
The presence of lead metal metallic bond is:
1. At room temperature it is a solid, except Hg;
2. Hard but pliable / can be forged;
3. Having a boiling point and a high melting point;
4. Conductor of electricity and heat well;
5. Shiny.