Clarissa Sabedra

Professor Roberts

HLTH-1020

16 April 2017

Research #2- Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease in which the bodys ability to produce or respond

to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of

carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine. To know

if you have diabetes, you have to take a single blood test and from there you

should get the result if you have diabetes or you do not. It is commonly

found that diabetes is genetics. If both of your parents have diabetes, there

is a high chance that you will have it too. One of the test you can use is the

A1C test, The A1C test is a blood test that provides information about a

persons average levels of blood glucose, also called blood sugar, over the

past 3 months. The A1C test is sometimes called the hemoglobin A1c,

HbA1c, or glycohemoglobin test. The A1C test is the primary test used for

diabetes management and diabetes research.

There is two types of diabetes, type one and type two. Type one

diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes. It is sometimes called

juvenile diabetes because it is usually discovered in children and teenagers,

but adults may also have it. Type one is the most common that people have.
Type two diabetes occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin or

the body's cells ignore the insulin. Even though type two debates is

commonly found in adults, children may also get it. An increasing number of

children are now being diagnosed with this disease. Doctors believe that

children usually get type two diabetes because the child is overweight or

obese; these are the children that are less active. People who are active and

work out a lot, they have a low percentage to catch this disease. Even if you

have this disease, exercising and being more active can help with your blood

sugar if too high.

One more thing is a pre-diabetes, pre-diabetes occurs when blood

sugar levels are higher than they should be, but not so high that your doctor

can say you have diabetes. Pre-diabetes is becoming more common in the

United States. It greatly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The

great thing about this is you can take steps to prevent or delay the onset of

full-blown type 2 diabetes by making lifestyle changes, such as eating a

healthy diet, reaching and maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising

regularly. If you are smart, you would make these changes because you

would not want to get type two diabetes. Prediabetes affects adults and

children. The same lifestyle changes that can help prevent progression to

diabetes in adults might also help bring children's blood sugar levels back to

normal.

Even though having diabetes, you are still allowed to live a normal life.

To control it the most is to live a healthy life. The early stages of diabetes
have very few symptoms, so you may not know you have the disease. But

damage may already be happening to your eyes, your kidneys and your

cardiovascular system even before you notice symptoms. Symptoms include

Extreme hunger, thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue

or drowsiness, blurry vision, slow-healing wounds, sores or bruises, dry or

itchy skin, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, and frequent or

recurring skin, gum, bladder or vaginal yeast infections. People who have

type 2 diabetes may also show signs of insulin resistance, such as darkening

skin around the neck or in the armpits, high blood pressure, cholesterol

problems, yeast infections and skipped or absent periods in teen girls and

women.

The greatest factor for type two diabetes is obesity. The more

overweight you are, the more resistant your body is to insulin. To figure out if

you're overweight, check the chart and talk to your doctor. A healthy, low-fat

diet and regular exercise can help you lose weight gradually and keep it off.

Type 2 diabetes increases with age, especially after the age of 45. The only

thing you can do is reduce the risk, you cannot cure the disease. Something I

found very fascinating is that some ethnic groups have a higher chance of

getting diabetes. You are at greater risk if you belong in one of these groups:

Native American, Hispanic American, African American, and Pacific Islander.

If you are smoking or drinking alcohol having diabetes, is it okay? Well

it is said that you should stop smoking as soon as possible. It is not okay to

smoke while having diabetes. It's probably okay to drink some alcohol with a
meal, but you should only have 1 serving each day. A serving is 4 ounces of

wine, 12 ounces of beer or 1.5 ounces of hard liquor. If you drink on an

empty stomach, you risk causing a drop in your blood sugar. To get a better

understanding of much alcohol you could consume, you should talk to your

doctors.

Does stress affect diabetes? Well stress results when something causes

your body to behave as if it were under attack. When stress occurs, the body

prepares to take action. This preparation is called the fight-or-flight response.

In the fight-or-flight response, levels of many hormones shoot up. Their net

effect is to make a lot of stored energy, glucose and fat available to cells.

These cells are then primed to help the body get away from danger. People

with diabetes, stress can alter blood glucose in two ways. The first way is

people under stress may not take good care of themselves. They may drink

more alcohol or exercise less. They may forget, or not have time, to check

their glucose levels or plan good meals. The second way is stress hormones

may also alter blood glucose levels directly. The effects in people with type 1

diabetes are more mixed. While most people's glucose levels go up with

mental stress, others' glucose levels can go down. In people with type 2

diabetes, mental stress often raises blood glucose levels. Physical stress,

such as illness or injury, causes higher blood glucose levels in people with

either type of diabetes.

In general, if you are a man with type 1 diabetes, the odds of your child

developing diabetes are 1 in 17. If you are a woman with type 1 diabetes and
your child was born before you were 25, your child's risk is 1 in 25; if your

child was born after you turned 25, your child's risk is 1 in 100. Your child's

risk is doubled if you developed diabetes before age 11. If both you and your

partner have type 1 diabetes, the risk is between 1 in 10 and 1 in 4. These

are some factor risks you can get from your family history. Unlike some traits,

diabetes does not seem to be inherited in a simple pattern. Yet clearly, some

people are born more likely to develop diabetes than others. Type 2 diabetes

runs in families. In part, this tendency is due to children learning bad habits,

eating a poor diet, not exercising from their parents. But there is also a

genetic basis.

In conclusion, diabetes is a common disease in the United States. As

time goes on, the more and more people are getting this disease. There are

two types of diabetes, type one and type two. There is also the pre-diabetes,

which is something you can take steps to help reduce the factor of you

getting diabetes. Usually the pre-diabetes results for the type two. It is found

it does not fun in the family except for type 2. Stress can affect diabetes, it

alter blood glucose.

Citations
DERROW, PAULA. "Diabetes in the Family." Prevention, vol. 68, no. 11, Nov.

2016, p. 86. EBSCOhost,libprox1.slcc.edu/login?

url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=

ue&db=f6h&AN=118539420&site=eds-live.

Kyoung Suk, Lee. "Obesity Paradox: Comparison of Heart Failure Patients with

and withoutComorbid Diabetes." American Journal of Critical Care, vol. 26,

no. 2, Mar. 2017, pp. 140-148. EBSCOhost, doi:10.4037/ajcc2017634.

Zakowski, Jack. "Understanding Diabetes Testing: Where Are We, and Where

Are We Going?." MLO: Medical Laboratory Observer, vol. 49, no. 4, Apr.

2017, pp. 14-21. EBSCOhost, libprox1.slcc.edu/login?

url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cc

&AN=121985717&site=eds-live.