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IZMIR UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS FACULTY OF FINE ARTS AND DESIGN TYPOGRAPHIC DESIGN
Ales sandr o Segalini, Depar t men t o f Visual Communic a t ion Design : h t t p://homes.ieu.edu.t r/asegalini CALLIGRAPHY

Foundational 1

The Foundational hand was devised by Edward Johnston (1872-1944) based on his studies of 9th and
10th Century manuscripts, in particular the Ramsey Psalter which is a Carolingian script , in
the time when minuscules were invented.

The Carolingian minuscule from the Ramsey Psalter.

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IZMIR UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS FACULTY OF FINE ARTS AND DESIGN TYPOGRAPHIC DESIGN
Ales sandr o Segalini, Depar t men t o f Visual Communic a t ion Design : h t t p://homes.ieu.edu.t r/asegalini CALLIGRAPHY

Teaching material (1909) by Edward Johnston in collaboration with Eric Gill.

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IZMIR UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS FACULTY OF FINE ARTS AND DESIGN TYPOGRAPHIC DESIGN
Ales sandr o Segalini, Depar t men t o f Visual Communic a t ion Design : h t t p://homes.ieu.edu.t r/asegalini CALLIGRAPHY

Pen angle and weight (how many times the pen enters the body of the letter).

Study by Edward Johnston on the definitive Foundational hand.

 . .
IZMIR UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS FACULTY OF FINE ARTS AND DESIGN TYPOGRAPHIC DESIGN
Ales sandr o Segalini, Depar t men t o f Visual Communic a t ion Design : h t t p://homes.ieu.edu.t r/asegalini CALLIGRAPHY

Shape and ductus (movement / direction & stroke order) of the Foundational hand.
 . .
IZMIR UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS FACULTY OF FINE ARTS AND DESIGN TYPOGRAPHIC DESIGN
Ales sandr o Segalini, Depar t men t o f Visual Communic a t ion Design : h t t p://homes.ieu.edu.t r/asegalini CALLIGRAPHY

Shape and ductus (movement / direction & stroke order) of the Uncial and Artificial Uncial hand (Littera Uncialis, 11111 Century).