Results

Experiment 1:Counter-Current

Hot water: 10 LPM (constant)

Flow rate of cold water Tem

(LPM) perature
TT 1 TT 2 TT 3 TT 4 DPT 1 DPT 2
2 45.4 30.3 47.1 49.3 85 5
4 38.6 29.7 46.6 49.8 86 4
6 36.5 29.6 46.9 51.0 84 5
8 34.7 29.7 45.1 48.9 87 4
10 34.4 29.7 46.3 50.8 81 168

Cold water: 10 LPM (constant)

Flow rate of hot water

(LPM) Temperature
TT 1 TT 2 TT 3 TT 4 DPT 1 DPT 2
2 31.3 29.7 36.8 49.4 5 169
4 31.8 29.8 42.2 47.9 5 164
6 32.5 29.8 43.3 48.3 2 166
8 33.8 29.7 45.6 50.5 38 168
10 34.5 29.7 46.4 50.8 82 168

Calculations

Hot Water
Density: 988.18 kg/m3
Heat Capacity: 4175.00 J/kg.K
Thermal cond: 0.6436 W/m.K
Viscosity: 0.0005494 Pa.s
Cold Water
Density: 995.67 kg/m3
Heat Capacity: 4183.00 J/kg.K
Thermal cond: 0.6155 W/m.K
Viscosity: 0.0008007 Pa.s
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
Shell:
Internal diameter 82 mm
Length 500 mm
Material Borosilicate glass
Tube:
External diameter 9.53 mm
Internal diameter 7.75 mm
Length 500 mm
Tube count 10 (single pass)
Tube pitch 18 mm (triangle)
Baffle 8
Baffle cut 20%
Material Stainless steel 316L
2
Exchange area: 1.15 m (approx.)

Hot water: 10 LPM (constant), Cold water: 2 LPM

Heat transfer hot Heat transfer cold Heat lost rate

Qhot =mh C p T Qcold =mh C p T Heat Lost Rate=Qhot Qcold =( 1512.74209

1 m L 1 m3 1 min
60 s 2.0
min 1000 L 60 s
L 1 m3
10.0
min 1000 L kg J
995.67 4183
m 3
kg
kg J
988.18 4175
m
3
kg ( 45.430.3 )

( 49.347.1 )
2096.33W

1512.74 W

Efficiency LMTD(Log Mean Temperature Overall heat transfer

Difference) coefficient, U(W/m2.K)
Efficiency, [ ( Th ,Tc ,out ) ( Th ,out T c , ) ] Total exchange area, A =
T lm=
( Th , Tc ,out ) n tube OD length of tubes
Q 1512.74 ln [ ]
= = 100 =57.35 ( Th ,out Tc , )
Qmax 2637.76 = 10 0.00953 0.5
= 0.15 m

Overall heat transfer

 [ ( 49.345.4 ) ( 47.130.3 ) ] Qhot
T lm= coefficient, U = A T lm
ln
[ ( 49.345.4 )
( 47.130.3 ) ] 1512.74
= 0.15(8.83)

8.83
= 1142.12 W/m.K

Result for heat transfer hot, heat transfer cold, heat loss, efficiency and LMTD for different flow
rate based on sample calculation are;

Hot water: 10 LPM (constant)

Flow rate of Heat Heat Heat Efficiency LMTD(0C) Overall

cold transfer transfer loss(W) (%) heat
water(LPM) hot(W) cold(W) transfer
coefficient,
U(W/m2.K)
2 1512.74 2096.33 -583.59 57.35 8.83 1141.12
4 2200.35 2471.17 -270.82 39.43 13.86 1058.37
6 2819.19 2873.77 -54.58 31.63 15.86 1185.03
8 2612.91 2776.59 -163.68 24.51 14.79 1177.78
10 3094.24 3262.49 -168.25 21.13 16.49 1250.96

Cold water: 10 LPM (constant)

Flow rate of Heat Heat Heat Efficiency LMTD(0C) Overall

hot transfer transfer loss(W) (%) heat
water(LPM) hot(W) cold(W) transfer
coefficient,
U(W/m2.K)
2 1732.77 1110.64 622.13 40.99 11.75 983.13
4 1567.75 1388.29 179.46 27.89 14.17 737.59
6 2062.83 1874.19 188.64 24.56 14.62 940.64
8 2695.43 2846.00 -150.57 24.87 16.29 1103.10
10 3025.48 3331.91 -306.43 22.96 16.49 1223.16