Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FORMULEA
FOAM RULE
1.2 Example
Question :
Make x the subject of the equation 3dx - 5m = 4
Solution :
3dx 5m = 4
add 5m to both sides add 5m to both sides
| |
3dx = 4 + 5m
divide both sides by 3d divide both sides by 3d
x = 4 +3 m x =
4 + 5m x = 4 +3 m
3d
Or :
3dx 5m = 4
5m 5m
| |
+ +
3dx = 4 + 5m
3d 3d
x =
4+m x =
4 + 5m x =
4+m
3 3d 3
1.3 Example
Question :
Make x the subject of the equation 7xw + 8 = 3k
Solution :
1.4 Exercise
Take great care over how you set out your solutions, as in the examples.
Question 1.
Showing full working, make x the subject
ax b = 7
Question 2.
Showing full working, make x the subject
3c + wx = pqr
Question 3.
Showing full working, make x the subject
4x vw = 9
Question 4.
Showing full working, make x the subject
5 + 4bx + z = a
Question 5.
Showing full working, by first adding y 2 to both sides, make x the subject
7x y2 = 4z + 1
Question 6.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
4 ( 2x + y) = 7
Question 7.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
a ( 3x + b) = c
Question 8.
Showing full working, by first subtracting y from both sides, make x the subject
x
+ y = 3z
7
Write your answer without any brackets.
Question 9.
Showing full working, by first subtracting 11 from both sides, make x the subject
4x
11 + = z
5
Write your answer without any brackets.
Question 10.
Showing full working, by first adding 7 to both sides, make x the subject
x + p2
7 = R
q
If there is just one thing to be done to both sides to get from a question to the
answer, it is acceptable to just write down the answer with no working.
Question 1.
Make x the subject
x + 8 = k
Question 2.
Make x the subject
5x = m
Question 3.
Make x the subject
wx = 9
Question 4.
Make x the subject
x
= f
6
Question 5.
Make x the subject
x 6ws = p2
Question 6.
Make x the subject
3
x = b
2
Question 7.
Make x the subject
x 7a = c
Question 8.
Make x the subject
x (4 + p) = z
Question 9.
Make x the subject
x
= h
( v + 2)
Question 10.
Make x the subject
2
9 + x = h + u t
Question 1.
Showing full working, make x the subject
Hx 5b = f
Question 2.
Showing full working, make x the subject
7k + 3x = 6e 1
Question 3.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
7 ( 3x + z) = 4g
Question 4.
Showing full working, make x the subject
5x
+ 4 = 3k
2
Write your answer without any brackets.
Question 5.
Make x the subject
x 9 = 2k
There is no need to show any working.
Question 6.
Make x the subject
5x = 3 m 2
There is no need to show any working.
Question 7.
Make x the subject
x
= uvw
13
There is no need to show any working.
Question 8.
Make x the subject
x ( 2h + c ) = s
There is no need to show any working.
7xw + 8 = 3k
8 8
| |
7xw = 3k 8
7w 7w
x =
4+m x =
3k 8 x =
4+m
3 7w 3
Answer 1. Answer 2.
7 + b pqr 3c
x = x =
a w
Answer 3. Answer 4.
9 + vw a z 5
x = x =
4 4b
Answer 5. Answer 6.
4z + 1 + y2 7 4y
x = x =
7 8
Answer 7. Answer 8.
c ab
x = x = 21z 7y
3a
Answer 1. Answer 2.
m
x = k 8 x =
5
Answer 3. Answer 4.
9
x = x = 6f
w
Answer 5. Answer 6.
3
x = p2 + 6ws x = b +
2
Answer 7. Answer 8.
z
x = c + 7a x =
4 + p
Answer 1. Answer 2.
f + 5b 6e 1 7k
x = x =
H 3
Answer 3. Answer 4.
4g 7z 6k 8
x = x =
21 5
Answer 5. Answer 6.
3 m2
x = 2k + 9 x =
5
Answer 7. Answer 8.
s
x = 13uvw x =
2h + c
2.1 Reciprocal
The reciprocal of 47 is 47
The reciprocal of 6x is 6x
8 7 1
(i) 3 ( ii ) x ( iii ) 7
13 x 3x
( iv ) x (v) 5 ( vi ) 2
8e w m
( vii ) 11 ( viii ) 3x ( ix ) 4pw
(x) 4 ( xi ) x ( xii ) 8m
4 1
( xiii ) p + q ( xiv ) m2 + n ( xv ) a+b
2.3 Taking the reciprocal of both sides
Example
Showing full working, make x the subject;
3
+ 2m = p
5x
2.4 Exercise
Question 1.
Showing full working, make x the subject;
1
c = 5ab
x
Question 2.
Showing full working, make x the subject;
7
+ 2pq = w
x
Question 3.
Showing full working, make x the subject;
5k
+ z = 6
x
Question 4.
Showing full working, by first taking the reciprocal of both sides, make x the subject;
1 4zk
=
x + 3p 7m
Question 5.
Showing full working, by first adding 11 to both sides, make x the subject;
2 + w
11 = k
x
Question 6.
Showing full working, by first taking the reciprocal of both sides, make x the subject;
1 2
= m
x ( 2w + v )
Question 7.
Showing full working, by first subtracting 5u from both sides, make x the subject;
8
+ 5u = 2g
7x
If there is just one thing to be done to both sides to get from a question to the
answer, it is acceptable to just write down the answer with no working.
Question 1.
Make x the subject
x 11 = 2m
Question 2.
Make x the subject
7x = w
Question 3.
Make x the subject
kx = z
Question 4.
Make x the subject
x
= s
5
Question 5.
Make x the subject
x 6 s2 = 3
Question 6.
Make x the subject
1 5
=
x 3
Question 7.
Make x the subject
1
= c2 + 4
x
Question 8.
Make x the subject
1 5v + 2
=
x p + q
Question 9.
Make x the subject
x
= h
( w2 + 2k )
Question 10.
Make x the subject
2
7z + x = h
3 x
(i) 8 ( ii ) 7 ( iii ) 7
x 5 2
( iv ) 13 (v) x ( vi ) 3x
11 3x 4pw
( vii ) 8e ( viii ) w ( ix ) m
1 1 1
(x) 4 ( xi ) x ( xii ) 8m
p+q 1
( xiii ) 4 ( xiv ) m2 + n ( xv ) a+b
3 3 + 2m = p 3
5x 5x 5x
2m 2m
3
| |
3 = p 2m 3
5x 5x 5x
4+m 5x =
1 4+m
x =
3 3 p 2m x =
3
3 3 3
3 5x =
3 3 = 6
p 2m p 2m p
5 5
3 1 x 3 3 = 1
p + =
5 ( p 2m ) p
2.6.3 Solution to Exercise 2.4
Answer 1. Answer 2.
1 7
x = x =
5ab + c w 2pq
Answer 3. Answer 4.
5k 7m
x = x = 3p
6 z 4zk
Answer 5. Answer 6.
2 + w 1
x = x =
k + 11 m2 ( 2w + v)
Answer 7.
8
x =
7 ( 2g 5u )
Answer 1. Answer 2.
w
x = 2m + 11 x =
7
Answer 3. Answer 4.
z
x = x = 5s
k
Answer 5. Answer 6.
3
x = 3 + 6s2 x =
5
Answer 7. Answer 8.
1 p + q
x = 2 x =
c + 4 5v + 2
3.1 Practice
Question 1.
In algebra, there is one golden rule for manipulating all equations.
What is that rule ?
Question 2.
Quick 'In your head' Questions.
In each of the following, there is one manipulation that takes you from the question
to the answer and so there is no need for any working.
8 2w m + 3n
(i) x ( ii ) 3x2 ( iii ) 4k
( iv ) 3 (v) x ( vi ) 5k + p
7 1 1
( vii ) p + q ( viii ) 7 ( ix ) x
Question 4.
Showing full working, make x the subject
mx 8n = 3k
Question 5.
Showing full working, make x the subject
7x 8 = z2 + y
Question 6.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
5 ( 3x + y) = 11
Question 7.
Showing full working, by first subracting 11a from both sides, make x the subject
x
+ 11a = 4c
5
Write your answer without any brackets.
Question 8.
Showing full working, make m the subject
5m + v = c
Question 9.
Quick 'In your head' Questions.
In each of the following, there is one manipulation that takes you from the question
to the answer and so there is no need for any working.
Question 10.
Without any working, make w the subject of the formula
w 4pq = m2
Question 11.
Showing full working, by first subtracting 3g from both sides, make x the subject;
5
+ 3g = 7k
x
Question 12.
Showing full working, make x the subject;
7f
13 = h
x
Question 13.
Showing full working, by first taking the reciprocal of both sides, make x the subject;
1 a
=
x + 5pq 7b
Question 14.
Showing full working, by first adding 42 to both sides, make x the subject;
1 + m
42 = u
x
Question 15.
Showing full working, by first subtracting 3h from both sides, make x the subject;
4
+ 3h = g 1
2
3z + x
Answer 1.
Do the same to both sides of the equation
Answer 2.
(i) ( ii )
h
x = m + 4.5 x =
15
( iii ) ( iv )
8
x = 8c x =
11
Answer 3.
x 3x2 4k
(i) 8 ( ii ) 2w ( iii ) m + 3n
1 1 1
( iv ) 3 (v) x ( vi ) 5k + p
p+q
( vii ) 7 ( viii ) 7 ( ix ) x
Answer 4. Answer 5.
3k + 8n z2 + y + 8
x = x =
m 7
Answer 6. Answer 7.
11 5y
x = x = 20c 55a
15
Answer 8.
c v
x =
5
Answer 9.
(i) ( ii )
v2 + c
x = x = 8 p f
4m
( iii ) ( iv )
m + n 1
x = x =
k2 + 2 a + b 5
Answer 10.
x = m2 + 4pq
Answer 15.
4
x = 3z 2
g 1 3h
4.1 -x
Example.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
a 4mx 5 = 8k
Method 1 Solution
a 4mx 5 = 8k
Method 2 Solution
a 4mx 5 = 8k
Exercise 4.2
Question 1.
Showing full working, by first multiplying both sides by -1, make x the subject
3x + y3 = 17d
Question 2.
Showing full working, by first multiplying both sides by 5, make x the subject
8w x
= h
5
Question 3.
Showing full working, by first swapping LHS & RHS, make x the subject
1 + w = 4x z2
Question 4.
Showing full working, by first multiplying both sides by -1, make x the subject
3
p = E z
x
Question 5.
Showing full working, by first taking the reciprocal of both sides, make x the subject
1 k + 4
=
4m x 12
Question 6.
Showing full working, by first swapping LHS & RHS, make x the subject
4 + z 2
w = + v
x
Question 7.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
3z
5( 1
x )
= k
Question 8.
Showing full working, by first swapping LHS & RHS, make x the subject
x
7k + 2w =
3
Write your answer without brackets.
Question 9.
Showing full working, by first subtracting 7w from both sides, make x the subject
px
+ 7w = 2v
5
Write your answer without brackets.
Question 10.
Showing full working, by first multiplying both sides by -1, make x the subject
m2
x + = p
7b + w
Question 1.
Showing full working, make x the subject
kx 12p = 5k
Question 2.
Showing full working, by first multiplying both sides by -1, make x the subject
3k
g x = 7 2
z
Question 3.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
6 ( 3x + 2y ) = z2 + 1
Question 4.
Showing full working, by first taking the reciprocal of both sides, make x the subject
w 1
=
hx k
Question 5.
Showing full working, make x the subject
1
b a = 6
x
Question 6.
Showing full working, by first swapping LHS & RHS, make x the subject
x
7 = 2
z + 4m + 3s
Write your answer without brackets.
Question 7.
Showing full working, by first adding 5zx to both sides, make x the subject
s = p 5zx
Question 8.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
x
m( 3p
) = f
4
Question 9.
Showing full working, by first swapping LHS & RHS, make x the subject
x + m
3 + 2h =
9
Write your answer without brackets.
Question 10.
Showing full working, make x the subject
1
u =
4 x
Method 1
4 a 4mx 5 = 8k 4
( 1) ( ( 1)
| |
8 a + 4mx + 5 = 8k 8
+ a + a
x = 4mx + 5 = a 8k
5 3 5
4mx = a 8k 5 6
4m 4m
3 1 x =
a 8k 5 3 = 1
p +
4m p
Method 2
4 a 4mx 5 = 8k 4
+ 4mx ( + 4mx
| |
a 5 = 4mx + 8k 8
x = 4mx + 8k = a 5
8k 3 8k
4mx = a 8k 5 6
4m 4m
3 1 x a 8k 5 3 = 1
p + =
4m p
Answer 1. Answer 2.
3
y 17d
x = x = 8w 5h
3
Answer 3. Answer 4.
1 + w + z2 3
x = x =
4 p Ez
Answer 5. Answer 6.
12 4 + z
x = 4m x =
k + 4 w v2
Answer 7. Answer 8.
15z
x = x = 21k + 3w
k + 5
Answer 1. Answer 2.
5k + 12p 3k
x = x = g 7 +
k z2
Answer 3. Answer 4.
z2 + 1 12y kw
x = x =
18 h
Answer 5. Answer 6.
1
x = x = 7 z2 + 28m + 21s
6 b + a
Answer 7. Answer 8.
p s 4f + 12pm
x = x =
5z m
Question 1.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
x + w = 5p
Question 2.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
x2 + u = 2h
Question 3.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
1 s
=
x 3
Question 4.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
1
+ 7f = h + k
x2
Question 5.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
x + 5
= 7
m
Question 6.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
x2 7
= f
8d
Question 7.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
7m x = 0
Question 8.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
c + p
= 4
x
Question 9.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
3m x 2
= k
p
Question 10.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
x2 + 5
= 6
w
Question 11.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
w x2 + m
=
g 3 + s
Question 12.
Showing full working, make x the subject of the formula
3 z
=
x + 5 4t
There are TWO operations to be done to both sides to get from question to answer.
Try to do both in your head.
Do not write down any working.
Question 1.
Make x the subject
x + h = k
Question 2.
Make x the subject
x2 6 = g
Question 3.
Make x the subject
x
2d =
3m
Question 4.
Make x the subject
1
+ k = 4w
x
Question 5.
Make x the subject
5x2 = p 11 + 2
Question 6.
Make x the subject
x
= 10s
g
Question 7.
Make x the subject
8 x2 = c
Question 8.
Make x the subject
2
x2 ( k + p) = v
Question 9.
Make x the subject
x 5
=
e 7
Question 10.
Make x the subject
1
= 9n
x
Answer 1. Answer 2.
2
x = 25 p w x = 2h u
Answer 3. Answer 4.
9 1
x = x =
s2 h + k 7f
Answer 5. Answer 6.
x = 49 m 2 5 x = 8df + 7
Answer 7. Answer 8.
2
x = 49 m x = 16c + 16p
Answer 1. Answer 2.
2
x = k h x = g + 6
Answer 3. Answer 4.
1
x = 6dm x =
4w k
Answer 5. Answer 6.
p 11 + 2
x = x = 100 s 2 g
5
Answer 7. Answer 8.
v
x = 8 c x =
k2 + p
Example 1
Showing full working, make k the subject
3m + 10p 8 a2 1
=
k 6
Example 2
Showing full working, make m the subject
4 + h p
=
m 5
6.2 Exercise
Question 1.
Showing full working, make a the subject
a
= 5w
3
Question 2.
Showing full working, make u the subject
3 1
=
v + 4u 2
5 e + 7s
Question 3.
Showing full working, make w the subject
2.4 2
= w m
s
Question 4.
Showing full working, make m the subject
y = mx + c
Question 5.
Showing full working, make c the subject
c2 5k = 3p
Question 6.
Showing full working, make b the subject
b
4h = 2t + 5
8
Write your answer without any brackets
Question 7.
Showing full working, make f the subject
3v
3g + f =
w
Question 8.
Showing full working, by first multiplying both sides by 3, make z the subject
1
= 2r + y
3 z2
Write your answer without any brackets
Question 9.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make w the subject
4
h = 3( + 5
)
w
Question 10.
Showing full working, make p the subject
1 3a + 2b
=
5p 2 16 c 2
Answer 1. Answer 2.
15 e 2 + 21 s v
a = 75 w 2 u =
4
Answer 3. Answer 4.
2.4 y c
w = + m m =
s x
Answer 5. Answer 6.
c = 9 p2 + 5k b = 16t + 40 + 32h
Answer 7. Answer 8.
9 v2 1 1
f = 3g z = or
w2 6r + 3y 6r + 3y
The GCSE examination often has a Change of Subject question in which the
variable to be made the subject of the formula occurs more than once.
Question 1.
Showing full working, make x the subject
7m + 9x = 4x + b
Question 2.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
6 (x + 4y ) = 5 ( 7c 3x )
Question 3.
Showing full working, by first making brackets, make x the subject
2
11x + mx = k
Question 4.
Showing full working, make x the subject
1 1
=
6x y 13k 5x
Question 5.
Showing full working, by first multiplying both sides by x, make x the subject
6 ( 3m + x + k2)
19 =
x
Question 6.
Showing full working, by first adding 5 x 2 to both sides, make x the subject
8 x2 + m = w 5x2
Question 7.
Showing full working, make y the subject
4 (y + 3x 5) = x + 17y
Question 8.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
3 ( 4 z2 9x ) = 7 ( 2x + 7k )
Question 9.
Showing full working, make k the subject
3x + 1
y =
x 1
Question 10.
Showing full working, make x the subject
4x + e 2
9 =
3x + 2wh
Answer 1. Answer 2.
b 7m 35c 24y
x = x =
5 21
Answer 3. Answer 4.
2
k 13k + y
x = x =
11 + m 11
Answer 5. Answer 6.
18m 6k2 w m
x = x =
13 13
Answer 7. Answer 8.
11x 20 12 z 2 49k
y = x =
13 41
8.1 TEST
Question 1.
If I divide one side of an equation by 8, what must I do to the other side ?
[ 1 mark ]
Question 2.
Quick 'In your head' Questions.
In each of the following, there is one manipulation that takes you from the question
to the answer and so there is no need for any working.
[ 2 marks ]
( ii ) Make x the subject
15gx = k
[ 2 marks ]
( iii ) Make x the subject
x
= f
9
[ 2 marks ]
( iv ) Make x the subject
1 m + 2s
=
x 8 v2
[ 2 marks ]
Question 3.
Showing full working, make x the subject
2
a + xk = 13 + s2
[ 3 marks ]
Question 4.
Showing full working, by first expanding the brackets, make x the subject
5 ( 7x 9y) = 1 u2
[ 3 marks ]
Question 5.
GCSE examination question from November 2004, paper 4H, Q15
[ 3 marks ]
Question 6.
Showing full working, make x the subject
11g + 13x = 8x + 3b
[ 3 marks ]
Question 7.
GCSE examination question from November 2007, paper 3H, Q11
[ 3 marks ]
Question 8.
GCSE examination question from January 2012, paper 3H, Q11
[ 3 marks ]
Question 9.
Showing full working, by first making brackets, make x the subject
17x + wx = p2
[ 3 marks ]
Question 10.
Showing full working, make x the subject
1 1
=
8x 5y 13h 5x
[ 3 marks ]
Question 11.
GCSE examination question from November 2006, paper 4H, Q4
This rule can be used to find the perimeter of a shape in this pattern.
[ 3 marks ]
(b) Make n the subject of the formula in part ( a ).
[ 3 marks ]
Question 12.
Showing full working, by first squaring both sides, make x the subject
14 x 2 + v 3c 2 = 5x
[ 4 marks ]
Question 13.
GCSE examination question from January 2014, paper 3H, Q16
[ 5 marks ]
Question 14.
GCSE examination question from November 2010, paper 3H, Q18
[ 4 marks ]
Question 15.
GCSE examination question from November 2009, paper 3H, Q11
[ 2 marks ]
Question 16.
GCSE examination question from May 2012, paper 4H, Q10
[ 2 marks ]
Question 17.
GCSE examination question from January 2013, paper 3H, Q12
[ 2 marks ]
Question 18.
GCSE examination question from May 2009, paper 3H, Q13
L
W
The total surface area, A, of the cuboid is given by the formula
A = 2 ( LW + HW + HL )
(a) A = 70 W = 4 H = 2
Work out the value of L
[ 3 marks ]
(b) Make W the subject of the formula
A = 2 ( LW + HW + HL )
[ 4 marks ]
Question 19.
GCSE examination question from May 2014, paper 3H, Q17
[ 4 marks ]
Question 20.
GCSE examination question from June 2011, paper 4H, Q15 ( c )
[ 2 marks ]
Question 21.
GCSE examination question from May 2006, paper 3H, Q20
[ 4 marks ]
Answer 1.
Divide the other side by 8
Answer 2.
(i) ( ii )
2 k
x = 4w + 7h x =
15 g
( iii ) ( iv )
8 v2
x = 9 f x =
m + 2s
Answer 3. Answer 4.
13 + s2 a 1 u 2 + 45y
x = x =
k2 35
Answer 5. Answer 6.
I + um 3b 11g
v = x =
m 5
Answer 7. Answer 8.
7 + y 5x 3
x = y =
2 2
Answer 11.
(a)
P = 2 (n + 1) or P = 2n + 2
(b)
P P 2
n = 1 or n =
2 2
Answer 18.
(a)
L = 4.5
(b)
A HL
W = 2 f or example
( L + H )
Answer 21.
A
A = + r2